This article seeks to describe the colonial cemetery in the Philippines at the turn of the eighteenth and the nineteenth century in four material dimensions: location, spatial planning, ethnic and social differentiation, and economical importance for the parish. From 1804 onward, colonial attempts to regulate burial practices centered on the spatial relocation of the deceased. Closely correlated with the cholera outbreaks in the Philippines, the growing pressure exerted by colonial authorities on burial practices gave rise to a complex mix of political, social, and ethnic tensions that both reflected the enormous complexity of colonial society and contributed to recompose it. KEYWORDS: CATHOLIC CEMETERIES • NON-CATHOLIC CEMETERIES •BURIAL REGULATIONS • NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILIPPINES • SPANISH COLONIALISM
{"title":"A Matter of Grave Concern: Burial Sites and Funeral Rites in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines","authors":"Xavier Huetz de Lemps","doi":"10.13185/PS2021.69202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13185/PS2021.69202","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to describe the colonial cemetery in the Philippines at the turn of the eighteenth and the nineteenth century in four material dimensions: location, spatial planning, ethnic and social differentiation, and economical importance for the parish. From 1804 onward, colonial attempts to regulate burial practices centered on the spatial relocation of the deceased. Closely correlated with the cholera outbreaks in the Philippines, the growing pressure exerted by colonial authorities on burial practices gave rise to a complex mix of political, social, and ethnic tensions that both reflected the enormous complexity of colonial society and contributed to recompose it. KEYWORDS: CATHOLIC CEMETERIES • NON-CATHOLIC CEMETERIES •BURIAL REGULATIONS • NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILIPPINES • SPANISH COLONIALISM","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"161-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44375459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on ecclesiastical contentiousness in the cathedral chapters (cabildos) in the seventeenth-century Philippines. First, it demonstrates the way in which intra-elite confrontations, negotiation, and local agency among church entities molded the city of Manila as a political arena. Second, it discusses Bishop Gines de Barrientos’s (1681–1698) political unrest against the cabildo members, which demonstrate that disobedience was not the exception but the everyday rule. To reconstruct social fields set in motion in early modern Manila, this case study opens up a new conflict-ridden paradigm of religious division that stresses competition, contentiousness, and factionalism in the cathedral body.KEYWORDS: CATHEDRAL CHAPTER • SEVENTEENTH CENTURY • MANILA • FACTIONALISM • GINES DE BARRIENTOS
{"title":"Lords of Contention: Local Conflicts in the Cathedral Chapter of Manila in the Late Seventeenth Century","authors":"Alexandre Coello de la Rosa","doi":"10.13185/PS2021.69203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13185/PS2021.69203","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on ecclesiastical contentiousness in the cathedral chapters (cabildos) in the seventeenth-century Philippines. First, it demonstrates the way in which intra-elite confrontations, negotiation, and local agency among church entities molded the city of Manila as a political arena. Second, it discusses Bishop Gines de Barrientos’s (1681–1698) political unrest against the cabildo members, which demonstrate that disobedience was not the exception but the everyday rule. To reconstruct social fields set in motion in early modern Manila, this case study opens up a new conflict-ridden paradigm of religious division that stresses competition, contentiousness, and factionalism in the cathedral body.KEYWORDS: CATHEDRAL CHAPTER • SEVENTEENTH CENTURY • MANILA • FACTIONALISM • GINES DE BARRIENTOS","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"189-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66178736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Representation of External Threats: From the Middle Ages to the Modern World ed. by Eberhard Crailsheim and María Dolores Elizalde (review)","authors":"Alexandre Coello de la Rosa","doi":"10.1353/phs.2020.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2020.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"111 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/phs.2020.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66275757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
410 Lim’s division did not participate in the later battles in Bataan and was not part of the Bataan Death March. The Japanese however brought him to Camp O’Donnell in Capas, Tarlac. In July 1942 the new colonizers released him from the camp, after which he went to a hospital to recuperate. He had plans then of starting an underground resistance movement against the Japanese. When he left the hospital he tried to escape in a batel, a large sailboat; unfortunately, the Japanese found him and brought him to Fort Santiago in Manila. He was believed to have been executed later by the Japanese. His remains were never identified, and the day of his death was never ascertained (264–65). Although Lim never attained his ambition to put his mark on the military history of the Philippines, his death at the hands of the Japanese made him a hero worthy to be memorialized. Meixsel states in the introductory part of the book that his goal in writing Frustrated Ambition was to provide a new perspective on military affairs in the Philippines during the American occupation, a perspective that “return[s] some agency to Filipino soldiers who attempted to affect the course of their own country’s history, a history from which they have, for far too many years, remained largely absent” (8). The way that he sets about achieving this goal may not appeal to every reader who may be looking for a biography on Vicente Lim, as the book’s title announces, but is then inundated with information on the Philippine Army. A proper biography of Lim remains to be written, and toward that goal Meixsel’s book will serve as a very useful resource.
{"title":"Colonial Manila, 1909–1912: Three Dutch Travel Accounts ed. by Otto van den Muijzenberg (review)","authors":"Hidde van der Wall","doi":"10.1353/phs.2018.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2018.0031","url":null,"abstract":"410 Lim’s division did not participate in the later battles in Bataan and was not part of the Bataan Death March. The Japanese however brought him to Camp O’Donnell in Capas, Tarlac. In July 1942 the new colonizers released him from the camp, after which he went to a hospital to recuperate. He had plans then of starting an underground resistance movement against the Japanese. When he left the hospital he tried to escape in a batel, a large sailboat; unfortunately, the Japanese found him and brought him to Fort Santiago in Manila. He was believed to have been executed later by the Japanese. His remains were never identified, and the day of his death was never ascertained (264–65). Although Lim never attained his ambition to put his mark on the military history of the Philippines, his death at the hands of the Japanese made him a hero worthy to be memorialized. Meixsel states in the introductory part of the book that his goal in writing Frustrated Ambition was to provide a new perspective on military affairs in the Philippines during the American occupation, a perspective that “return[s] some agency to Filipino soldiers who attempted to affect the course of their own country’s history, a history from which they have, for far too many years, remained largely absent” (8). The way that he sets about achieving this goal may not appeal to every reader who may be looking for a biography on Vicente Lim, as the book’s title announces, but is then inundated with information on the Philippine Army. A proper biography of Lim remains to be written, and toward that goal Meixsel’s book will serve as a very useful resource.","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"410 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/phs.2018.0031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66275748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From November 1948 to March 1949, petals of roses fell from the sky on the grounds outside of a Carmelite convent in the town of Lipa, Batangas. The petals and stories about them circulated at local, national, and international levels, giving rise to a variety of interpretations of their significance. This article examines the rose petals of Lipa as both a phenomenon to be mediated and a medium in its own right, in order to propose the need to rethink the common category of “popular religion.”
{"title":"The Mass Miracle: Public Religion in the Postwar Philippines","authors":"Deirdre de la Cruz","doi":"10.1353/phs.2014.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2014.0019","url":null,"abstract":"From November 1948 to March 1949, petals of roses fell from the sky on the grounds outside of a Carmelite convent in the town of Lipa, Batangas. The petals and stories about them circulated at local, national, and international levels, giving rise to a variety of interpretations of their significance. This article examines the rose petals of Lipa as both a phenomenon to be mediated and a medium in its own right, in order to propose the need to rethink the common category of “popular religion.”","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"62 1","pages":"425 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/phs.2014.0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66275688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Filipinos in Canada: Disturbing Invisibility ed. by Roland Sintos Coloma et al. (review)","authors":"Resto Cruz","doi":"10.1353/phs.2014.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2014.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"62 1","pages":"284 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/phs.2014.0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66275658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines differences in the discursive representations of male and female overseas Filipino workers. Men have less discursive visibility than females, but men are seen as responsible breadwinners, virile, and/or threatening socioeconomic and international hierarchies, while women are contradictorily portrayed as heroines and bad mothers. These representations result from migration’s tensions and contradictions with historically established gender and kinship norms. Because these norms are central to Philippine class and status hierarchies, elite and middle-class anxieties thus mediate migrants’ representations. Further, the state and global political economy shape these representations. This examination compels a rethinking of Philippine migration flows as feminized.
{"title":"Figures of Migration: Gender, Kinship, and the Politics of Representation","authors":"Resto S. Cruz I","doi":"10.1353/phs.2012.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2012.0039","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines differences in the discursive representations of male and female overseas Filipino workers. Men have less discursive visibility than females, but men are seen as responsible breadwinners, virile, and/or threatening socioeconomic and international hierarchies, while women are contradictorily portrayed as heroines and bad mothers. These representations result from migration’s tensions and contradictions with historically established gender and kinship norms. Because these norms are central to Philippine class and status hierarchies, elite and middle-class anxieties thus mediate migrants’ representations. Further, the state and global political economy shape these representations. This examination compels a rethinking of Philippine migration flows as feminized.","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"513 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/phs.2012.0039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66275944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Filipinas, un país entre dos imperios (review)","authors":"José S. Arcilla","doi":"10.1353/phs.2012.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2012.0040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"555 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/phs.2012.0040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66275954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stories From Another Time (review)","authors":"Celeste Aida Abad Jugo","doi":"10.1353/phs.2012.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2012.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"416 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/phs.2012.0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66275933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-10DOI: 10.4324/9780203946763-11
F. Aguilar
This article offers an analysis of the ritual character of Philippine elections for national positions, particularly for the presidency. It is argued that the structuring of the electoral complex is akin to a ritual, specifically, a ritualized gamble or game of chance. The cultural figuration of elections is traced to long-term historical processes. The broad insights on Filipino political culture are supported as well as expanded by data collected by the lnstitute of Philippine Culture (PC), Ateneo de Manila University, from sixteen focus group discussions conducted nationwide before national elections were held on 10 May 2004.
{"title":"Betting on Democracy: Electoral Ritual in the Philippine Presidential Campaign","authors":"F. Aguilar","doi":"10.4324/9780203946763-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203946763-11","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers an analysis of the ritual character of Philippine elections for national positions, particularly for the presidency. It is argued that the structuring of the electoral complex is akin to a ritual, specifically, a ritualized gamble or game of chance. The cultural figuration of elections is traced to long-term historical processes. The broad insights on Filipino political culture are supported as well as expanded by data collected by the lnstitute of Philippine Culture (PC), Ateneo de Manila University, from sixteen focus group discussions conducted nationwide before national elections were held on 10 May 2004.","PeriodicalId":82306,"journal":{"name":"Philippine studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"91-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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