or pedagogical effectiveness, very few topics capstone the AI/Computer Science experience for a student like a programming exercise in game playing. Game playing is one of the oldest AI topics, and yet it is worth revisiting in the context of a three-to four-week programming exercise in a one-semester course. To begin, the choice of the game to be implemented should lie somewhere between tic-tac-toe and chess, the former being trivial to play and the latter perhaps too complicated for a short assignment. I have had moderate success with versions of checkers. The choice of game is important for most of the dimensions discussed below; it should be any game that is amenable to the two-person, zero-sum game algorithms. It should be a non-trivial , even largely unfamiliar game. It should also allow the possibility for students to think about, develop, and implement heuristics. There are several pedagogical dimensions that such an exercise could facilitate. First and foremost, such an exercise serves as a big motivating factor. The typical undergraduate these days has grown up playing video and computer games. This would more than likely be his or her first " behind the scenes " exposure to how such games may be built. That in itself serves to encourage curiosity and motivate the student to put a good amount of effort into the exercise. Add to that the freedom to explore and design the student's own heuris-tics that would characterize the game as his or her own creation. If planned ahead of time, the completion of the exercise could culminate in a tournament where not only the students' programs, but they themselves may also play in it. While I have seen courses where similar tournaments were held, most involve programs playing against programs. However, inserting the students (or other human recruits) into the tournament brings about the " human against machine " angle and serves to contextualize the tournament in an AI course. There is also the computer science dimension. In not-so-large departments where faculty resources are stretched, there are often concerns over offering elective courses like AI. However, just in the context of a game-playing programming assignment, there is potential for putting together several aspects of a student's preparation in computer science. For a non-trivial game, the amount of programming expertise required could serve challenging to most students. They have to design data structures (class descriptions for the OOP types), …
{"title":"Curriculum descant: pedagogical dimensions of game playing","authors":"Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.1145/298475.298480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/298475.298480","url":null,"abstract":"or pedagogical effectiveness, very few topics capstone the AI/Computer Science experience for a student like a programming exercise in game playing. Game playing is one of the oldest AI topics, and yet it is worth revisiting in the context of a three-to four-week programming exercise in a one-semester course. To begin, the choice of the game to be implemented should lie somewhere between tic-tac-toe and chess, the former being trivial to play and the latter perhaps too complicated for a short assignment. I have had moderate success with versions of checkers. The choice of game is important for most of the dimensions discussed below; it should be any game that is amenable to the two-person, zero-sum game algorithms. It should be a non-trivial , even largely unfamiliar game. It should also allow the possibility for students to think about, develop, and implement heuristics. There are several pedagogical dimensions that such an exercise could facilitate. First and foremost, such an exercise serves as a big motivating factor. The typical undergraduate these days has grown up playing video and computer games. This would more than likely be his or her first \" behind the scenes \" exposure to how such games may be built. That in itself serves to encourage curiosity and motivate the student to put a good amount of effort into the exercise. Add to that the freedom to explore and design the student's own heuris-tics that would characterize the game as his or her own creation. If planned ahead of time, the completion of the exercise could culminate in a tournament where not only the students' programs, but they themselves may also play in it. While I have seen courses where similar tournaments were held, most involve programs playing against programs. However, inserting the students (or other human recruits) into the tournament brings about the \" human against machine \" angle and serves to contextualize the tournament in an AI course. There is also the computer science dimension. In not-so-large departments where faculty resources are stretched, there are often concerns over offering elective courses like AI. However, just in the context of a game-playing programming assignment, there is potential for putting together several aspects of a student's preparation in computer science. For a non-trivial game, the amount of programming expertise required could serve challenging to most students. They have to design data structures (class descriptions for the OOP types), …","PeriodicalId":8272,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Intell.","volume":"14 1","pages":"9-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84569326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Partner: Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland [4] FWU Institut für Film und Bild in Wissenschaft und Unterricht [5] Matthias-Film [6] Fachstelle Filme für Eine Welt, Bern [7] Baobab Entwicklungspolitische Bildungsund Schulstelle, Wien [8] Filmtage Globale Perspektiven [9] / Fernsehworkshop Entwicklungspolitik Evangelisches Medienhaus Stuttgart [10] Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung [11] Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) [12] Kulturbeauftragte der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (EKD) [13] Evangelischer Bildungsserver [14] Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW) [15] Aktion Mensch e.V. [16]
{"title":"Links","authors":"Amruth N. Kumar","doi":"10.1145/322880.322883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/322880.322883","url":null,"abstract":"Partner: Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland [4] FWU Institut für Film und Bild in Wissenschaft und Unterricht [5] Matthias-Film [6] Fachstelle Filme für Eine Welt, Bern [7] Baobab Entwicklungspolitische Bildungsund Schulstelle, Wien [8] Filmtage Globale Perspektiven [9] / Fernsehworkshop Entwicklungspolitik Evangelisches Medienhaus Stuttgart [10] Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung [11] Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) [12] Kulturbeauftragte der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (EKD) [13] Evangelischer Bildungsserver [14] Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW) [15] Aktion Mensch e.V. [16]","PeriodicalId":8272,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Intell.","volume":"71 1","pages":"9-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80571363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
First of all, I want to thank all of the SIGART members who have expressed their support and encouragement over the past few months as I've begun to learn the ropes. In particular, I owe a great deal of thanks to Lewis Johnson, whose public and behind-the-scenes efforts over the last six years have greatly increased the stature, visibility, and viability of SIGART. We are happy for his recent efforts to organize an awards program, and I will continue to look to him for guidance over the coming months on many fronts. It is also a great comfort to be able to draw on the extensive experience and abilities of Marie Bienkowski as vice chair and Angel Puerta as secretary-treasurer. I am also grateful for the support and loyalty of Jörg Müller, Bamshad Mobasher, and Robert St. Amant, and am looking forward to engaging their talents as we look for the best ways to continue to improve SIGART. Rosenschein are organizing the Autonomous Agents conference outside the United States for the first time. In the coming years, I expect to see a great increase in international participation in SIGART activities. One of the questions I have been asking myself is: How well is SIGART serving the needs of its members? Lillian Israel, ACM Director of Membership and Marketing, has begun an effort to answer this question through an initial survey whose results we will share in the coming months. In the meantime, I will be looking for ways to continue improvement along some of the fronts that I have already heard mentioned by some of you. We will continue to work for high quality in our electronic and print publications, and look for ways to promote greater involvement with industry and standards organizations. Building on the successful AAAI-co-sponsored doctoral consortia, Marie Bienkowski and I will continue to seek new ways to provide support and encouragement to students, as well as strengthen bridges with our friends at AAAI, IEEE, SIGCHI, SIGKDD, and SIGGRAPH.
{"title":"Letter from the chair","authors":"J. Bradshaw","doi":"10.1145/318964.318965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/318964.318965","url":null,"abstract":"First of all, I want to thank all of the SIGART members who have expressed their support and encouragement over the past few months as I've begun to learn the ropes. In particular, I owe a great deal of thanks to Lewis Johnson, whose public and behind-the-scenes efforts over the last six years have greatly increased the stature, visibility, and viability of SIGART. We are happy for his recent efforts to organize an awards program, and I will continue to look to him for guidance over the coming months on many fronts. It is also a great comfort to be able to draw on the extensive experience and abilities of Marie Bienkowski as vice chair and Angel Puerta as secretary-treasurer. I am also grateful for the support and loyalty of Jörg Müller, Bamshad Mobasher, and Robert St. Amant, and am looking forward to engaging their talents as we look for the best ways to continue to improve SIGART. Rosenschein are organizing the Autonomous Agents conference outside the United States for the first time. In the coming years, I expect to see a great increase in international participation in SIGART activities. One of the questions I have been asking myself is: How well is SIGART serving the needs of its members? Lillian Israel, ACM Director of Membership and Marketing, has begun an effort to answer this question through an initial survey whose results we will share in the coming months. In the meantime, I will be looking for ways to continue improvement along some of the fronts that I have already heard mentioned by some of you. We will continue to work for high quality in our electronic and print publications, and look for ways to promote greater involvement with industry and standards organizations. Building on the successful AAAI-co-sponsored doctoral consortia, Marie Bienkowski and I will continue to seek new ways to provide support and encouragement to students, as well as strengthen bridges with our friends at AAAI, IEEE, SIGCHI, SIGKDD, and SIGGRAPH.","PeriodicalId":8272,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Intell.","volume":"374 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86809164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
his PrIMER research poster, Allergen exposure in NYC Subway Trains, at the 2016 Annual Biomedical Research for Minority (ABRCMS), where Poster Presentation in Public Health. His research focused on identifying and quantifying allergens in different subway trains. Hadler collected air samples on the 1 and A trains and tested those samples for mouse and rat allergens. ABRCMS took place Tampa, Florida 2016, and it was Hadler’s first time the national conference. He found the conference to be intellectually stimulating and encouraging for those present to pursue graduate school. After going to ABRCMS, Hadler can confidently say that he would present again in another conference and wishes to continue to learn about other public health research being done.
{"title":"Letter from the chair","authors":"J. Bradshaw","doi":"10.1145/322880.322881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/322880.322881","url":null,"abstract":"his PrIMER research poster, Allergen exposure in NYC Subway Trains, at the 2016 Annual Biomedical Research for Minority (ABRCMS), where Poster Presentation in Public Health. His research focused on identifying and quantifying allergens in different subway trains. Hadler collected air samples on the 1 and A trains and tested those samples for mouse and rat allergens. ABRCMS took place Tampa, Florida 2016, and it was Hadler’s first time the national conference. He found the conference to be intellectually stimulating and encouraging for those present to pursue graduate school. After going to ABRCMS, Hadler can confidently say that he would present again in another conference and wishes to continue to learn about other public health research being done.","PeriodicalId":8272,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Intell.","volume":"157 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89127104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iterating over the elements of an abstract collection is usu ally done in ML using a fold-like higher-order function provided by th e data structure. This article discusses a different paradigm of i teration based on purely functional, immutable cursors. Contrary to foldlike iterators, the iteration can be cleanly interrupted at any step. Contrary to imperative cursors (such as those found in C++ an d Java libraries) it is possible to backtrack the iterator to a previous step. Several ways to iterate over binary trees are examined a d close links with Gérard Huet’s Zipperare established. Incidentally, we show the well-known two-lists implementation of functio nal queues arising from a Zipper-based breadth-first traversal.
{"title":"Backtracking","authors":"Christopher A. Welty, Louis J. Hoebel","doi":"10.1145/333175.333183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/333175.333183","url":null,"abstract":"Iterating over the elements of an abstract collection is usu ally done in ML using a fold-like higher-order function provided by th e data structure. This article discusses a different paradigm of i teration based on purely functional, immutable cursors. Contrary to foldlike iterators, the iteration can be cleanly interrupted at any step. Contrary to imperative cursors (such as those found in C++ an d Java libraries) it is possible to backtrack the iterator to a previous step. Several ways to iterate over binary trees are examined a d close links with Gérard Huet’s Zipperare established. Incidentally, we show the well-known two-lists implementation of functio nal queues arising from a Zipper-based breadth-first traversal.","PeriodicalId":8272,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Intell.","volume":"28 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74376463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE EDUCATORS in Australia and New Zealand are scarce. With only IO institutions in the region offering landscape architecture degrees the number of educators is small. Byway of contrast, the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture (CELA) has some 64 member institutions, including 700 landscape educators. In geographical terms, Australia alone is nearly the size of the United States of America and, stretching the region even wider, New Zealand is located a further 2,500 kilometres to the east. The small number of educators and expansive region malces the creation of any sense of a community a challenging prospect. The opportunity to gather together in one location was therefore a very welcome one, overcoming the friction of distance in a way that supersedes any form of electronic communication. The Australasian Educators in Landscape Architecture group (AELA) has experienced a patchy history. As a result of being a fairly informal organisation, ongoing meetings have relied on the initiative of individual institutions rather than a governing body. For a time during the 1980s and early 1990S conferences were held on a fairly regular basis, The last conference was held at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in 1996, followed by a period of silence. The need for another meeting was shuftling up the agendas of various institutions, but it was the University of New South Wales (UNSW) who made it happen. Spurred by a period of change within their faculty and programme, the pre-Olympic happenings in Sydney, and an approach from CELA following the Boston meeting in September 1999, the UNSW put out a call for papers for a conference in early February 2000. In a period of just three months Linda Corkery, Landscape Architecture Programme Head, and her team at UNSW put together a very memorable conference. Twenty-five academics attended the conference, 19 of whom presented papers. With such a large proportion of the delegates speaking, the atmosphere was collegial rather than hierarchical, encouraging discussion and debate. One of the undercurrents of the conference was a concern with definition and identity, reflecting a perception of marginalisation in both a disciplinary and geographical sense. This surfaced in a range of ways, for example in defining the nature of creative process as research, and defining landscape architecture against incursion by architecture, defining this community of educators as discussed at the end of this review. Professor Helen Armstrong addressed the issue of defming landscape architecture's creative processes as research from her experience and practice in refereed studios at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT), (Issue 1999: 5 (2) of Landscape Review, explored this idea in depth, and features a key article by Professor Armstrong.) Defining and defending creative processes as a legitimate form of research and scholarship is critical to addressing the perceptions oflandscape edu
{"title":"Conference review","authors":"P. Kevitt, C. Mulvihill, Seán O. Nualláin","doi":"10.1145/350752.350764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/350752.350764","url":null,"abstract":"LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE EDUCATORS in Australia and New Zealand are scarce. With only IO institutions in the region offering landscape architecture degrees the number of educators is small. Byway of contrast, the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture (CELA) has some 64 member institutions, including 700 landscape educators. In geographical terms, Australia alone is nearly the size of the United States of America and, stretching the region even wider, New Zealand is located a further 2,500 kilometres to the east. The small number of educators and expansive region malces the creation of any sense of a community a challenging prospect. The opportunity to gather together in one location was therefore a very welcome one, overcoming the friction of distance in a way that supersedes any form of electronic communication. The Australasian Educators in Landscape Architecture group (AELA) has experienced a patchy history. As a result of being a fairly informal organisation, ongoing meetings have relied on the initiative of individual institutions rather than a governing body. For a time during the 1980s and early 1990S conferences were held on a fairly regular basis, The last conference was held at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in 1996, followed by a period of silence. The need for another meeting was shuftling up the agendas of various institutions, but it was the University of New South Wales (UNSW) who made it happen. Spurred by a period of change within their faculty and programme, the pre-Olympic happenings in Sydney, and an approach from CELA following the Boston meeting in September 1999, the UNSW put out a call for papers for a conference in early February 2000. In a period of just three months Linda Corkery, Landscape Architecture Programme Head, and her team at UNSW put together a very memorable conference. Twenty-five academics attended the conference, 19 of whom presented papers. With such a large proportion of the delegates speaking, the atmosphere was collegial rather than hierarchical, encouraging discussion and debate. One of the undercurrents of the conference was a concern with definition and identity, reflecting a perception of marginalisation in both a disciplinary and geographical sense. This surfaced in a range of ways, for example in defining the nature of creative process as research, and defining landscape architecture against incursion by architecture, defining this community of educators as discussed at the end of this review. Professor Helen Armstrong addressed the issue of defming landscape architecture's creative processes as research from her experience and practice in refereed studios at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT), (Issue 1999: 5 (2) of Landscape Review, explored this idea in depth, and features a key article by Professor Armstrong.) Defining and defending creative processes as a legitimate form of research and scholarship is critical to addressing the perceptions oflandscape edu","PeriodicalId":8272,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Intell.","volume":"31 1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84222161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I UI is the annual meeting of the intelligent user interface community and is the premier worldwide forum in its field. The conference series addresses the theory, design, development, and evaluation of intelligent user interfaces. Topics can range from knowledge based tools for interface design, to interface agents, to adaptive interfaces, to the evaluation of intelligent user interfaces. The 1999 edition of IUI took place January 5-8 in Redondo Beach, Calif., and counted with solid participation from outside the United States both in the technical program and among the attendees. The theme of the conference was " Bridging Science with Applications. " This theme was particularly relevant for this field because after building a steady flow of research results in recent years, intelligent interfaces are now starting to move into commercial practice appearing in many forms such as agents that assist users during interaction, planning processes that compose complex multimedia presentations, and knowledge-based modeling tools for the user-centered design of information rich interfaces. Accordingly, the technical program included two discussion panels and two invited speakers that dwelled at length on the conference theme. The papers in the program reflected the continued growth in traditional IUI topics such as information retrieval agents, intelligent multimedia user interfaces, reactive and adaptive interfaces, and model-based design of user interfaces. These topics were augmented by newer areas of interest including collaborative intelligent interfaces, visual and plan-based interfaces, and program-mable/instructable interfaces. The technical program was preceded by a full day of tutorials offered by leading practitioners in the field. Intelligence (DFKI). Dr. Wahlster has led a number of projects in the area of automatic generation of multimedia presentations and is now involved in efforts to commercialize some of the results from those research efforts. In particular, his group is examining how to produce automatically media-rich Web pages for e-commerce solutions. His talk described the fundamentals of this effort, which is based principally in projects conducted at DFKI such as WIP, PPP, and AiA that examine the use of anthropomorphic agents in guiding users during interaction with a multimedia interface. Dr. Wahlster reported on preliminary success of this technology with considerable interest from large corporations, and on being able to obtain quality interfaces with conference review conference review
{"title":"Conference review","authors":"A. Puerta","doi":"10.1145/309697.309707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/309697.309707","url":null,"abstract":"I UI is the annual meeting of the intelligent user interface community and is the premier worldwide forum in its field. The conference series addresses the theory, design, development, and evaluation of intelligent user interfaces. Topics can range from knowledge based tools for interface design, to interface agents, to adaptive interfaces, to the evaluation of intelligent user interfaces. The 1999 edition of IUI took place January 5-8 in Redondo Beach, Calif., and counted with solid participation from outside the United States both in the technical program and among the attendees. The theme of the conference was \" Bridging Science with Applications. \" This theme was particularly relevant for this field because after building a steady flow of research results in recent years, intelligent interfaces are now starting to move into commercial practice appearing in many forms such as agents that assist users during interaction, planning processes that compose complex multimedia presentations, and knowledge-based modeling tools for the user-centered design of information rich interfaces. Accordingly, the technical program included two discussion panels and two invited speakers that dwelled at length on the conference theme. The papers in the program reflected the continued growth in traditional IUI topics such as information retrieval agents, intelligent multimedia user interfaces, reactive and adaptive interfaces, and model-based design of user interfaces. These topics were augmented by newer areas of interest including collaborative intelligent interfaces, visual and plan-based interfaces, and program-mable/instructable interfaces. The technical program was preceded by a full day of tutorials offered by leading practitioners in the field. Intelligence (DFKI). Dr. Wahlster has led a number of projects in the area of automatic generation of multimedia presentations and is now involved in efforts to commercialize some of the results from those research efforts. In particular, his group is examining how to produce automatically media-rich Web pages for e-commerce solutions. His talk described the fundamentals of this effort, which is based principally in projects conducted at DFKI such as WIP, PPP, and AiA that examine the use of anthropomorphic agents in guiding users during interaction with a multimedia interface. Dr. Wahlster reported on preliminary success of this technology with considerable interest from large corporations, and on being able to obtain quality interfaces with conference review conference review","PeriodicalId":8272,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Intell.","volume":"132 1","pages":"29-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76391053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：