Hirohide Hirohide Takahashi, Robert M. Henderson, J. Edwardson, K. Takeyasu
{"title":"Distinguishing between the molecular interactions of synaptotagmin with SNAREs and with lipid bilayer using atomic force microscopy in recognition imaging mode","authors":"Hirohide Hirohide Takahashi, Robert M. Henderson, J. Edwardson, K. Takeyasu","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.74.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.74.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/AOHC.74.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Komagamine, K. Matsuno, Yasuhiko Sakumoto, Hideo Takahashi, N. Kokubun, N. Yuki, K. Hirata
Muscle spindles are known to be innervated by both sensory and motor nerve endings. Sensory nerves are mainly distributed in the equatorial regions of muscle spindles, while motors are distributed in the polar regions. To examine the ganglioside expression in sensory and motor nerve endings, we investigated the topographical difference in the distribution of GM1, GD1a, GQ1b and GD1b gangliosides in the muscle spindles of masseter, flexor carpi ulnaris and lumbar paraspinal muscles of adult rats. Whereas GM1, GD1a and GD1b are distributed widely in both the sensory and motor regions of muscle spindles, GQ1b is restricted to the sensory regions. When GQ1b stain was compared with parvalbumin, known as a marker of proprioceptive neuron in dorsal root ganglia, parvalbumin staining was completely negative in the nerve endings of motor regions, whereas a few of them were GQ1b positive. GQ1b stain may reflect a few distribution of group II sensory nerve endings in the polar regions, and anti-GQ1b antibodies may be useful as a sensory nerve marker in muscle spindles. Anti-parvalbumin antibody may be used as a putative proprioceptive (group Ia) nerve marker also in the muscle spindle.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical localization of the GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GQ1b gangliosides in the neuronal endings of rat muscle spindles","authors":"T. Komagamine, K. Matsuno, Yasuhiko Sakumoto, Hideo Takahashi, N. Kokubun, N. Yuki, K. Hirata","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.74.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.74.31","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle spindles are known to be innervated by both sensory and motor nerve endings. Sensory nerves are mainly distributed in the equatorial regions of muscle spindles, while motors are distributed in the polar regions. To examine the ganglioside expression in sensory and motor nerve endings, we investigated the topographical difference in the distribution of GM1, GD1a, GQ1b and GD1b gangliosides in the muscle spindles of masseter, flexor carpi ulnaris and lumbar paraspinal muscles of adult rats. Whereas GM1, GD1a and GD1b are distributed widely in both the sensory and motor regions of muscle spindles, GQ1b is restricted to the sensory regions. When GQ1b stain was compared with parvalbumin, known as a marker of proprioceptive neuron in dorsal root ganglia, parvalbumin staining was completely negative in the nerve endings of motor regions, whereas a few of them were GQ1b positive. GQ1b stain may reflect a few distribution of group II sensory nerve endings in the polar regions, and anti-GQ1b antibodies may be useful as a sensory nerve marker in muscle spindles. Anti-parvalbumin antibody may be used as a putative proprioceptive (group Ia) nerve marker also in the muscle spindle.","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/AOHC.74.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Bochimoto, D. Koga, Y. Sakai, Y. Hira, M. Hosaka, T. Ushiki, Tsuyoshi Watanabe
Summary. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists exert acutely stimulatory action on gonadotropes, but thereafter suppress paradoxically gonadotropin synthesis and release by receptor desensitization. To examine whether GnRH signaling affects the morphological characteristics in membranous organelles related to the synthesis of gonadotropin, we have analyzed the ultrastructural changes in the ER and Golgi apparatus of male rat pituitary gonadotropes during sustained treatment with a GnRH agonist, leuprorelin. In pituitary gonadotropes at 1 day after the onset of treatment, clusters of the tubuloreticular ER appeared, and the globular Golgi apparatus was transiently disassembled into isolated small-sized stacks. However, 1 week after the onset of the treatment, the tubuloreticular ER was seemingly converted to rough ER with regularly stacked sheets and the scattered Golgi stacks converged to form globular structures. In the following chronic phase of the treatment, the ER cisterns remained flattened and the trans-Golgi compartment appeared to be collapsed. Sustained treatment with leuprorelin could also restore the enlarged Golgi apparatus and expand the cisterns of the rough ER; a feature that was seen in hypertrophic gonadotropes of castrated rats. These findings indicated that the ultrastructure of the membranous organelles changed because of the chronic suppressive effects of leuprorelin on gonadotropes both in the physiological and stimulated states. The acute and chronic ultrastructural changes in the ER and Golgi apparatus during sustained leuprorelin treatment also suggests that GnRH signaling cross-talks with the regulation of the morphological characteristics in membranous organelles related to gonadotropin synthesis. generating secretory granules, in this study we have investigated the temporal changes in the ultrastructure of the ER and Golgi apparatus in pituitary gonadotropes of male rats receiving 1-month depot formulation of leuprorelin. Based on the findings, we will discuss the putative crosstalk between GnRH signaling and the regulation of the structural properties of the ER and Golgi apparatus within gonadotropes.
{"title":"Sustained treatment with a GnRH agonist (leuprorelin) affects the ultrastructural characteristics of membranous organelles in male rat pituitary gonadotropes","authors":"H. Bochimoto, D. Koga, Y. Sakai, Y. Hira, M. Hosaka, T. Ushiki, Tsuyoshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.74.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.74.41","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists exert acutely stimulatory action on gonadotropes, but thereafter suppress paradoxically gonadotropin synthesis and release by receptor desensitization. To examine whether GnRH signaling affects the morphological characteristics in membranous organelles related to the synthesis of gonadotropin, we have analyzed the ultrastructural changes in the ER and Golgi apparatus of male rat pituitary gonadotropes during sustained treatment with a GnRH agonist, leuprorelin. In pituitary gonadotropes at 1 day after the onset of treatment, clusters of the tubuloreticular ER appeared, and the globular Golgi apparatus was transiently disassembled into isolated small-sized stacks. However, 1 week after the onset of the treatment, the tubuloreticular ER was seemingly converted to rough ER with regularly stacked sheets and the scattered Golgi stacks converged to form globular structures. In the following chronic phase of the treatment, the ER cisterns remained flattened and the trans-Golgi compartment appeared to be collapsed. Sustained treatment with leuprorelin could also restore the enlarged Golgi apparatus and expand the cisterns of the rough ER; a feature that was seen in hypertrophic gonadotropes of castrated rats. These findings indicated that the ultrastructure of the membranous organelles changed because of the chronic suppressive effects of leuprorelin on gonadotropes both in the physiological and stimulated states. The acute and chronic ultrastructural changes in the ER and Golgi apparatus during sustained leuprorelin treatment also suggests that GnRH signaling cross-talks with the regulation of the morphological characteristics in membranous organelles related to gonadotropin synthesis. generating secretory granules, in this study we have investigated the temporal changes in the ultrastructure of the ER and Golgi apparatus in pituitary gonadotropes of male rats receiving 1-month depot formulation of leuprorelin. Based on the findings, we will discuss the putative crosstalk between GnRH signaling and the regulation of the structural properties of the ER and Golgi apparatus within gonadotropes.","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Miura, Y. Mezaki, Mayako Morii, Taku Hebiguchi, H. Yoshino, K. Kawatsu, M. Fujiwara, K. Imai, H. Senoo
The “liver” of puffer fish had both a hepatic portion and a pancreatic portion. The hepatic portion had the parenchyma and the portal area as mammalian livers such as human or mouse or rat. However, the hepatic lobule was not obvious histologically in the puffer liver. In the hepatic parenchyma, both parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) and non-parenchymal cells such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells (vitamin A-storing cells, Ito cells) were demonstrated to exist. Cytoplasm of the parenchymal cells was filled with large fat droplets, namely, the liver was in steatosis, but neither hepatic fibrosis nor liver cirrhosis was identified. In the pancreatic portion, pancreatic acinar cells containing zymogen granules were seen. Tetrodotoxin was demonstrated mainly in the acinar cells of the pancreatic portion; hepatic parenchymal cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells were also shown to contain tetrodotoxin by immunohistochemistry using specific antibody against tetrodotoxin. This is the first report demonstrating the localization of tetrodotoxin in acinar cells of the pancreatic portion and non-parenchymal cells of the hepatic portion in the hepatopancreas of the puffer fish.
{"title":"Histology of the hepatopancreas of puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes) in relation to the localization of tetrodotoxin","authors":"M. Miura, Y. Mezaki, Mayako Morii, Taku Hebiguchi, H. Yoshino, K. Kawatsu, M. Fujiwara, K. Imai, H. Senoo","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.74.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.74.59","url":null,"abstract":"The “liver” of puffer fish had both a hepatic portion and a pancreatic portion. The hepatic portion had the parenchyma and the portal area as mammalian livers such as human or mouse or rat. However, the hepatic lobule was not obvious histologically in the puffer liver. In the hepatic parenchyma, both parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) and non-parenchymal cells such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells (vitamin A-storing cells, Ito cells) were demonstrated to exist. Cytoplasm of the parenchymal cells was filled with large fat droplets, namely, the liver was in steatosis, but neither hepatic fibrosis nor liver cirrhosis was identified. In the pancreatic portion, pancreatic acinar cells containing zymogen granules were seen. Tetrodotoxin was demonstrated mainly in the acinar cells of the pancreatic portion; hepatic parenchymal cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells were also shown to contain tetrodotoxin by immunohistochemistry using specific antibody against tetrodotoxin. This is the first report demonstrating the localization of tetrodotoxin in acinar cells of the pancreatic portion and non-parenchymal cells of the hepatic portion in the hepatopancreas of the puffer fish.","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/AOHC.74.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasunori Tamagawa, T. Saino, M. Matsuura, M. Oikawa, Y. Satoh
Summary. We reported previously that spironolactone (SPL) induced an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) in rat testicular arteriole smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we further investigated the mechanism of SPL-induced [Ca 2+ ]i dynamics in rat arteriole smooth muscles. The increase in [Ca 2+ ]i induced by SPL (300 μM) was markedly inhibited in extracellular Ca 2+ -free conditions and in
{"title":"Mechanism of spironolactone-induced Ca2+ increase in rat testicular arteriole smooth muscle cells revealed by real-time laser scanning confocal microscopy","authors":"Yasunori Tamagawa, T. Saino, M. Matsuura, M. Oikawa, Y. Satoh","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.74.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.74.19","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. We reported previously that spironolactone (SPL) induced an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) in rat testicular arteriole smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we further investigated the mechanism of SPL-induced [Ca 2+ ]i dynamics in rat arteriole smooth muscles. The increase in [Ca 2+ ]i induced by SPL (300 μM) was markedly inhibited in extracellular Ca 2+ -free conditions and in","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/AOHC.74.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kawamata, T. Kurose, Yuta Honkawa, Y. Kubori, Hiroaki Muramoto
of the skin proceeded to full-thickness necrosis and/or discoloration throughout or in part of the compressed area. Necrotic skin was replaced by black/brown eschar, accompanying exudation, and significant tissue hardening. The injuries considerably contracted a few days after completing the series of compressions. The eschar further decreased gradually in size and usually became detached with time, after which a skin ulcer formed. A small number of rats showed only erosion and/or severe redness of the skin, damage which was reversible to heal without eschar formation. Generally, skin injuries seemed most severe a few days after 5 compressions and essentially healed over the subsequent 20 days. This model should prove useful for developing preventive measures and treating pressure ulcers. Summary. A better understanding of pressure ulcers requires animal models under precise experimental conditions. We here report on an improved and clinically more relevant model of pressure ulcers. Rats underwent implantation of a gold-plated magnet (25 × 20 × 2 mm) into their peritoneal cavities under anesthesia. At either 3 or 4 days postoperatively, the rat abdominal wall was repeatedly compressed at 100 mmHg (13.3 kPa) for 4 h daily for 5 consecutive days by applying another magnet to the skin while animals were conscious. The rats were reared without further treatment and the abdominal skin was photographed daily. Specimens were removed at appropriate intervals for histological examination. Edema and mild redness of the skin appeared at 1 day after the first compression. After a few repetitions of compression, edema and redness of the skin were enhanced. Subsequently, in the majority of rats, redness
{"title":"Development and repair of experimental pressure ulcers in the rat abdominal wall induced by repeated compression using magnets","authors":"S. Kawamata, T. Kurose, Yuta Honkawa, Y. Kubori, Hiroaki Muramoto","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.73.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.73.187","url":null,"abstract":"of the skin proceeded to full-thickness necrosis and/or discoloration throughout or in part of the compressed area. Necrotic skin was replaced by black/brown eschar, accompanying exudation, and significant tissue hardening. The injuries considerably contracted a few days after completing the series of compressions. The eschar further decreased gradually in size and usually became detached with time, after which a skin ulcer formed. A small number of rats showed only erosion and/or severe redness of the skin, damage which was reversible to heal without eschar formation. Generally, skin injuries seemed most severe a few days after 5 compressions and essentially healed over the subsequent 20 days. This model should prove useful for developing preventive measures and treating pressure ulcers. Summary. A better understanding of pressure ulcers requires animal models under precise experimental conditions. We here report on an improved and clinically more relevant model of pressure ulcers. Rats underwent implantation of a gold-plated magnet (25 × 20 × 2 mm) into their peritoneal cavities under anesthesia. At either 3 or 4 days postoperatively, the rat abdominal wall was repeatedly compressed at 100 mmHg (13.3 kPa) for 4 h daily for 5 consecutive days by applying another magnet to the skin while animals were conscious. The rats were reared without further treatment and the abdominal skin was photographed daily. Specimens were removed at appropriate intervals for histological examination. Edema and mild redness of the skin appeared at 1 day after the first compression. After a few repetitions of compression, edema and redness of the skin were enhanced. Subsequently, in the majority of rats, redness","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/AOHC.73.187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takuichi Sato, S. Kenmotsu, K. Nakakura‐Ohshima, N. Takahashi, H. Ohshima
molar of 14-week-old rats and maintained without any treatment for 12 - 24 h. Subsequently, the exposed pulp was covered with α TCP or α TCP containing 3Mix, followed with glass ionomer cement. A pulp abscess lacking both dendritic cells and PGP 9.5-reactive nerve fibers was induced after pulp capping with α TCP; in contrast, numerous dendritic cells accumulated along the pulp-dentin border followed by the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells and matrix deposition after the application of α TCP containing 3Mix. PGP 9.5-reactive nerve fibers were also densely distributed and surrounded the accumulated dendritic cells in the medial dental pulp beneath α TCP containing 3Mix. The findings indicate that the application of α TCP containing 3Mix to the infected pulp induces an intense accumulation of dendritic cells, suggesting that these cells play crucial roles in the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells under pathological conditions. Summary. α -tricalcium phosphate ( α TCP) with the addition of antimicrobials such as ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and cefaclor (3Mix) has been applied to sterilize the infected dentin and pulp in vivo . Both clinical and animal experiments have shown that 3Mix is effective for sterilizing infected tissues. However, the responses of the infected dental pulp to 3Mix remain to be fully determined at the cellular level. This study aims to clarify the responses of neural elements and immune cells to antimicrobials during the healing process of infected pulp using immunohistochemistry for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules using both light and electron microscopy. An artificial pulp exposure was prepared on the maxillary
{"title":"Responses of infected dental pulp to αTCP-containing antimicrobials in rat molars","authors":"Takuichi Sato, S. Kenmotsu, K. Nakakura‐Ohshima, N. Takahashi, H. Ohshima","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.73.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.73.165","url":null,"abstract":"molar of 14-week-old rats and maintained without any treatment for 12 - 24 h. Subsequently, the exposed pulp was covered with α TCP or α TCP containing 3Mix, followed with glass ionomer cement. A pulp abscess lacking both dendritic cells and PGP 9.5-reactive nerve fibers was induced after pulp capping with α TCP; in contrast, numerous dendritic cells accumulated along the pulp-dentin border followed by the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells and matrix deposition after the application of α TCP containing 3Mix. PGP 9.5-reactive nerve fibers were also densely distributed and surrounded the accumulated dendritic cells in the medial dental pulp beneath α TCP containing 3Mix. The findings indicate that the application of α TCP containing 3Mix to the infected pulp induces an intense accumulation of dendritic cells, suggesting that these cells play crucial roles in the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells under pathological conditions. Summary. α -tricalcium phosphate ( α TCP) with the addition of antimicrobials such as ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and cefaclor (3Mix) has been applied to sterilize the infected dentin and pulp in vivo . Both clinical and animal experiments have shown that 3Mix is effective for sterilizing infected tissues. However, the responses of the infected dental pulp to 3Mix remain to be fully determined at the cellular level. This study aims to clarify the responses of neural elements and immune cells to antimicrobials during the healing process of infected pulp using immunohistochemistry for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules using both light and electron microscopy. An artificial pulp exposure was prepared on the maxillary","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/AOHC.73.165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroki Mori, M. Koike, T. Gotow, Koichiro Ichimura, D. Asaoka, M. Oguro, A. Nagahara, T. Ueno, Y. Uchiyama, Sumio Watanabe
Address for correspondence: Dr. Hiroki Mori, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan Tel: +81-3-3813-3111, Fax: +81-3-3813-8862 E-mail: hmori@juntendo.ac.jp TJ structures only in the stratum granulosum (SG) of the esophageal epithelia in control rats, and the number of TJ structures seemed to be decreased in the RE model. Most of the TJs were composed of only one "kissing point." Freeze-fracture electron microscopy did not allow identification of typical TJ strands, suggesting that TJs in the rat esophageal mucosa were not well-developed. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed our previous immunohistochemical results indicating that claudin-3 was located on the surface of esophageal epithelial cells in control rats and that the immunoreactivity decreased in the RE group. However, claudin-3 was diffusely localized on the plasma membrane and not concentrated on the TJ structures. These results indicate that claudin-3 is not directly involved in the composition of the TJ structure.
{"title":"Ultrastructural analyses of the rat esophageal stratified epithelium under normal conditions and in chronic reflux esophagitis","authors":"Hiroki Mori, M. Koike, T. Gotow, Koichiro Ichimura, D. Asaoka, M. Oguro, A. Nagahara, T. Ueno, Y. Uchiyama, Sumio Watanabe","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.73.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.73.199","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence: Dr. Hiroki Mori, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan Tel: +81-3-3813-3111, Fax: +81-3-3813-8862 E-mail: hmori@juntendo.ac.jp TJ structures only in the stratum granulosum (SG) of the esophageal epithelia in control rats, and the number of TJ structures seemed to be decreased in the RE model. Most of the TJs were composed of only one \"kissing point.\" Freeze-fracture electron microscopy did not allow identification of typical TJ strands, suggesting that TJs in the rat esophageal mucosa were not well-developed. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed our previous immunohistochemical results indicating that claudin-3 was located on the surface of esophageal epithelial cells in control rats and that the immunoreactivity decreased in the RE group. However, claudin-3 was diffusely localized on the plasma membrane and not concentrated on the TJ structures. These results indicate that claudin-3 is not directly involved in the composition of the TJ structure.","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/AOHC.73.199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Oda, Y. Seta, Shinji Kataoka, T. Toyono, K. Toyoshima, Y. Morimoto
tract (GI) (Hofer al ., 1996; Wu al ., 2002; Dyer al ., 2005; Grundy, 2005). They are additionally expressed in the stomach, small intestine – including the duodenum, and colon in mice and humans, with the exception of T1R2, which has not been detected in the mouse or human stomach or in the mouse colon (Bezençon et al ., 2007). There have been Summary. Recent studies have demonstrated that taste receptors, T1Rs and T2Rs, are expressed not only in taste buds but also in the gut. In the duodenum, it is thought that the secretion of secretin (S cells) and somatostatin (D cells) is stimulated by acid, that gastrin (G cells) and cholecystokinin (CCK) (I cells) are stimulated by proteins and amino acids, and that serotonin (EC cells) scretion is triggerd by mechanical stimulation sensing gut endocrine cells. We examined the expression of T1R3 in the duodenum by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. Double-label studies showed that approximately 50% of secretin positive cells (S cells) were coexpressed with T1R3, and approximately 33% of AADC positive cells (EC cells) were coexpressed with T1R3. On the other hand, T1R3 never colocalized with somatostatin (D cells), gastrin (G cells), or CCK (I cells). These results suggest that S cells may regulate the secretion of secretin, stimulated not only by acid but also by sweet substances and/or amino acids. of the circumvallate papilla (CV) and the duodenum, amplification products of the expected sizes were obtained with primer sets specific for T1R3 (610bp). On the other hand, amplification products were not obtained using RNA prepared from the epithelia of the duodenum without reverse transcription, which was performed as a negative control. β -actin was used as a control. suggest
tract (GI) (Hofer al .， 1996;吴等，2002;Dyer al .， 2005;心胸狭窄的人,2005年)。除了T1R2外，它们还在小鼠和人类的胃、小肠(包括十二指肠)和结肠中表达，T1R2未在小鼠或人类胃或小鼠结肠中检测到(bezen等人，2007)。有总结。最近的研究表明，味觉受体T1Rs和T2Rs不仅在味蕾中表达，而且在肠道中表达。在十二指肠，分泌素(S细胞)和生长抑素(D细胞)的分泌被酸刺激，胃泌素(G细胞)和胆囊收缩素(CCK) (I细胞)的分泌被蛋白质和氨基酸刺激，血清素(EC细胞)的分泌被感应肠道内分泌细胞的机械刺激触发。我们通过逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和原位杂交检测了T1R3在十二指肠中的表达。双标签研究表明，约50%的分泌素阳性细胞(S细胞)与T1R3共表达，约33%的AADC阳性细胞(EC细胞)与T1R3共表达。另一方面，T1R3从未与生长抑素(D细胞)、胃泌素(G细胞)或CCK (I细胞)共定位。这些结果表明，S细胞可能调节分泌素的分泌，不仅受到酸的刺激，还受到甜物质和/或氨基酸的刺激。用T1R3特异性引物组(610bp)扩增出了预期大小的环状乳头(CV)和十二指肠的扩增产物。另一方面，从十二指肠上皮细胞制备的RNA未经反转录，作为阴性对照，未获得扩增产物。β -肌动蛋白作为对照。建议
{"title":"Expression patterns of T1R3 in duodenal epithelial cells with some gastrointestinal hormone","authors":"M. Oda, Y. Seta, Shinji Kataoka, T. Toyono, K. Toyoshima, Y. Morimoto","doi":"10.1679/AOHC.73.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/AOHC.73.177","url":null,"abstract":"tract (GI) (Hofer al ., 1996; Wu al ., 2002; Dyer al ., 2005; Grundy, 2005). They are additionally expressed in the stomach, small intestine – including the duodenum, and colon in mice and humans, with the exception of T1R2, which has not been detected in the mouse or human stomach or in the mouse colon (Bezençon et al ., 2007). There have been Summary. Recent studies have demonstrated that taste receptors, T1Rs and T2Rs, are expressed not only in taste buds but also in the gut. In the duodenum, it is thought that the secretion of secretin (S cells) and somatostatin (D cells) is stimulated by acid, that gastrin (G cells) and cholecystokinin (CCK) (I cells) are stimulated by proteins and amino acids, and that serotonin (EC cells) scretion is triggerd by mechanical stimulation sensing gut endocrine cells. We examined the expression of T1R3 in the duodenum by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. Double-label studies showed that approximately 50% of secretin positive cells (S cells) were coexpressed with T1R3, and approximately 33% of AADC positive cells (EC cells) were coexpressed with T1R3. On the other hand, T1R3 never colocalized with somatostatin (D cells), gastrin (G cells), or CCK (I cells). These results suggest that S cells may regulate the secretion of secretin, stimulated not only by acid but also by sweet substances and/or amino acids. of the circumvallate papilla (CV) and the duodenum, amplification products of the expected sizes were obtained with primer sets specific for T1R3 (610bp). On the other hand, amplification products were not obtained using RNA prepared from the epithelia of the duodenum without reverse transcription, which was performed as a negative control. β -actin was used as a control. suggest","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/AOHC.73.177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The acetylation of histone tails is a key factor in the maintenance of chromatin dynamics and cellular homeostasis. The hallmark of active chromatin is the hyper-acetylation of histones, which appears to result in a more open chromatin structure. Although short nucleosomal arrays have been studied, the structural dynamics of relatively long acetylated chromatin remain unclear. We have analyzed in detail the structure of long hyper-acetylated chromatin fibers using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hyper-acetylated chromatin fibers isolated from nuclei that had been treated with Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, were found to be thinner than those from untreated nuclei. The acetylated chromatin fibers were more easily spread out of nuclei by high-salt treatment, implying that hyper-acetylation facilitates the release of chromatin fibers from compact heterochromatin regions. Chromatin fibers reconstituted in vitro from core histones and linker histone H1 became thinner upon acetylation. AFM imaging indicated that the gyration radius of the nucleosomal fiber increased after acetylation and that the hyper-acetylated nucleosomes did not aggregate at high salt concentrations, in contrast to the behavior of non-acetylated nucleosomal arrays, suggesting that acetylation increases long-range repulsions between nucleosomes. Based on these data, we considered a simple coarse grained model, which underlines the effect of remaining electric charges inside the chromatin fiber.
组蛋白尾部的乙酰化是维持染色质动力学和细胞稳态的关键因素。活性染色质的标志是组蛋白的超乙酰化，这似乎导致更开放的染色质结构。虽然研究了短核小体阵列，但相对较长的乙酰化染色质的结构动力学仍不清楚。我们使用原子力显微镜(AFM)详细分析了长超乙酰化染色质纤维的结构。用组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古抑素A (Trichostatin A, TSA)处理过的细胞核中分离出的高度乙酰化的染色质纤维比未处理过的细胞核更薄。高盐处理后，乙酰化的染色质纤维更容易向细胞核外扩散，这表明高乙酰化有助于染色质纤维从致密的异染色质区域释放。核心组蛋白和连接组蛋白H1在体外重建的染色质纤维在乙酰化后变得更薄。AFM成像显示，乙酰化后核小体纤维的旋转半径增加，高乙酰化核小体在高盐浓度下不会聚集，与非乙酰化核小体阵列的行为相反，这表明乙酰化增加了核小体之间的远程排斥。基于这些数据，我们考虑了一个简单的粗粒度模型，它强调了染色质纤维内剩余电荷的影响。
{"title":"Nano-scale analyses of the chromatin decompaction induced by histone acetylation.","authors":"Kohji Hizume, Sumiko Araki, Kosuke Hata, Eloise Prieto, Tapas K Kundu, Kenichi Yoshikawa, Kunio Takeyasu","doi":"10.1679/aohc.73.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1679/aohc.73.149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acetylation of histone tails is a key factor in the maintenance of chromatin dynamics and cellular homeostasis. The hallmark of active chromatin is the hyper-acetylation of histones, which appears to result in a more open chromatin structure. Although short nucleosomal arrays have been studied, the structural dynamics of relatively long acetylated chromatin remain unclear. We have analyzed in detail the structure of long hyper-acetylated chromatin fibers using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hyper-acetylated chromatin fibers isolated from nuclei that had been treated with Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, were found to be thinner than those from untreated nuclei. The acetylated chromatin fibers were more easily spread out of nuclei by high-salt treatment, implying that hyper-acetylation facilitates the release of chromatin fibers from compact heterochromatin regions. Chromatin fibers reconstituted in vitro from core histones and linker histone H1 became thinner upon acetylation. AFM imaging indicated that the gyration radius of the nucleosomal fiber increased after acetylation and that the hyper-acetylated nucleosomes did not aggregate at high salt concentrations, in contrast to the behavior of non-acetylated nucleosomal arrays, suggesting that acetylation increases long-range repulsions between nucleosomes. Based on these data, we considered a simple coarse grained model, which underlines the effect of remaining electric charges inside the chromatin fiber.</p>","PeriodicalId":8307,"journal":{"name":"Archives of histology and cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1679/aohc.73.149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30606232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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