Numerous studies show the significance of immunological deficits, abnormal cytokine and immune cell production, and autism. Through the use of the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), the social responsiveness scale (SRS), and the computerized Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (CANTAB), the current study aimed to investigate the potential role of the autoimmune regulator protein AIRE-p as an immune biomarker in the pathophysiology of autism in Saudi children. According to the study's findings, plasma levels of AIRE-p in 37 autistic children (n=37) were considerably (p=0.003) lower than those in 37 healthy controls (n=37) at 0.629 (0.776) pg/ml [median (IQR)]. Based on CARS ratings, there was no difference between AIRE-p levels in children with mild to moderate autism (median, 0.661 (0.666) pg/ml; interquartile range, 0.365 (1.114) pg/ml; p = 0.365) and children with severe autism (median, 0.365 (1.114) pg/ml; interquartile range, 0.365). On the basis of SRS, a comparable pattern between mild to moderate and severe autism was also seen. AIRE-p may be involved in the physiology of autism as shown by the reduced AIRE-p plasma levels in patients with ASD. However, unless more studies are carried out using bigger sample sizes to ascertain if the drop in AIRE-p plasma level is only a side effect of autism or whether it plays a pathogenic role in the condition, these results should be viewed with care. If AIRE-p levels may be employed as a biomarker for ASD, further research including larger patient and control cohorts would be required.
{"title":"Role of Autoimmune Regulator Protein (AIRE-P) in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)in Saudi Children","authors":"Hayfa Ali Al-Ghabban, Laila Yusuf Al-Ayadhi","doi":"10.51847/guzyrk8poy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/guzyrk8poy","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies show the significance of immunological deficits, abnormal cytokine and immune cell production, and autism. Through the use of the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), the social responsiveness scale (SRS), and the computerized Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (CANTAB), the current study aimed to investigate the potential role of the autoimmune regulator protein AIRE-p as an immune biomarker in the pathophysiology of autism in Saudi children. According to the study's findings, plasma levels of AIRE-p in 37 autistic children (n=37) were considerably (p=0.003) lower than those in 37 healthy controls (n=37) at 0.629 (0.776) pg/ml [median (IQR)]. Based on CARS ratings, there was no difference between AIRE-p levels in children with mild to moderate autism (median, 0.661 (0.666) pg/ml; interquartile range, 0.365 (1.114) pg/ml; p = 0.365) and children with severe autism (median, 0.365 (1.114) pg/ml; interquartile range, 0.365). On the basis of SRS, a comparable pattern between mild to moderate and severe autism was also seen. AIRE-p may be involved in the physiology of autism as shown by the reduced AIRE-p plasma levels in patients with ASD. However, unless more studies are carried out using bigger sample sizes to ascertain if the drop in AIRE-p plasma level is only a side effect of autism or whether it plays a pathogenic role in the condition, these results should be viewed with care. If AIRE-p levels may be employed as a biomarker for ASD, further research including larger patient and control cohorts would be required.","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iron Deficiency Amongst University Graduates; Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Iron Consumption","authors":"","doi":"10.51847/nbiyqpbrag","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/nbiyqpbrag","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"01 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86387468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sami Al Issa, Mohammed Alwaily, Enas Mubarak Al Hadi, A. Businnah, M. A. Alkadi, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alshehri
{"title":"Updated Evidence in Management of Cleft Lip and Palate: Simple Review Article","authors":"Sami Al Issa, Mohammed Alwaily, Enas Mubarak Al Hadi, A. Businnah, M. A. Alkadi, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alshehri","doi":"10.51847/yeqrhkns56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/yeqrhkns56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"577 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76411503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemiology of Hypertension in Albania, a Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Daniela Haxhihyseni, M. Krasniqi, Rezarta Kalaja","doi":"10.51847/ftvdpmatkj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/ftvdpmatkj","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"2677 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75173070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parenteral Therapy in Domiciliary and Outpatient Setting: A Critical Review of the Literature","authors":"","doi":"10.51847/dhavvpyhav","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/dhavvpyhav","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84582699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medical Student towards Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs:  A Cross-Sectional","authors":"Mashael Saleh Alfaifi","doi":"10.51847/plnxeyzwyc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/plnxeyzwyc","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid Encryption Technique to Enhance Security of Health Data in Cloud Environment","authors":"Aritra Dutta, R. Bose, S. Roy, Shrabani Sutradhar","doi":"10.51847/raeh8fhbt6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/raeh8fhbt6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73490812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Longevity of Posterior Composite Restorations and Their Reasons for Failure: A Systematic Review","authors":"S. Ansari, Ghazel Alkhalil, Sara Achraf Alhaj","doi":"10.51847/azwmtdv6lu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/azwmtdv6lu","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79077882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Actinomycetoma of Left Foot - A Case Report of Neglected Tropical Disease and Medication Non-adherence","authors":"Sanatkumar Bharamu Nyamagoud, Agadi Hiremath Vishwanatha Swamy, Ancy Chacko, Jibin James","doi":"10.51847/vym1yvkv4s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/vym1yvkv4s","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90649302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Moringa on Biochemical and Immunological Changes in Hyperglycemic Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.51847/uf9dkax0hr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51847/uf9dkax0hr","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8308,"journal":{"name":"Archives Of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90903101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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