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April 2021最新文献

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The Prevalence of Market Segmentation Research in the Tourism Industry in Africa 市场细分研究在非洲旅游业的流行
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.114
Hennie Visser
Despite the benefits that market segmentation could provide to marketers, it is uncertain to what extend market segmentation research informs decisions about marketing strategy in the tourism industry in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to appraise the incidence of market segmentation research in this context. Market segmentation is used to demarcate a broad market into smaller segments to enable the formulation of marketing strategies based on segment needs. A review of journal articles with market segmentation in the tourism industry in the African context as focus area is provided. While research in this context is available, recommendations are made about possible market segmentation research focus areas in the tourism industry in an African context.
尽管市场细分可以为营销人员提供好处,但不确定市场细分研究在多大程度上为非洲旅游业营销战略决策提供信息。本文的目的是评价市场细分研究在这一背景下的发生率。市场细分是将广阔的市场划分为较小的细分市场,以便根据细分市场的需求制定营销策略。对以非洲旅游业市场细分为重点领域的期刊文章进行了审查。虽然有这方面的研究,但对非洲旅游业可能的市场细分研究重点领域提出了建议。
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引用次数: 2
Tourism Digital Marketing Tools and Views on Future Trends: A Systematic Review of Literature 旅游数字营销工具和对未来趋势的看法:文献系统综述
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-128
Mavis Chamboko-Mpotaringa, T. Tichaawa
Owing to the unprecedented advancements in digital technologies adopted for use in marketing tourism, their use in tourism is expected only to gain momentum. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review literature published in tourism-related journals on digital marketing tools in tourism from 2016-2020, and to discuss future trends. The analysis reveals that the increased adoption of digital marketing tools has disrupted the status quo of the tourism industry. Findings also highlight a growing and broad digital marketing tools terrain that is thematically diverse. Tourism marketers have to ensure that they understand the trends in the digital marketing domain and be able to adapt to the changes in order to remain competitive. Based on literature synthesis, the study provides insights into practical managerial implications and provides the groundwork for future studies.
由于用于旅游营销的数字技术取得了前所未有的进步,预计它们在旅游业中的应用只会获得动力。本文的目的是系统地回顾2016-2020年在旅游相关期刊上发表的关于旅游数字营销工具的文献,并讨论未来的趋势。分析显示,越来越多地采用数字营销工具已经打破了旅游业的现状。调查结果还强调了一个不断增长和广泛的数字营销工具领域,其主题多样化。旅游营销人员必须确保他们了解数字营销领域的趋势,并能够适应变化,以保持竞争力。在文献综合的基础上,本研究提供了对实际管理意义的见解,并为未来的研究奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 13
Perceived Destination Image and Post-Visit Behaviour: An International MICE Visitors’ Perspective 感知目的地形象与访后行为:国际会展游客视角
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-112
J. N. Weru
Africa including Kenya has continued to suffer negative images due to stereotypes, prejudice, and negative reporting by international media. This has continued to negatively affect the continents' share of the global leisure tourism market despite the rich and unique natural touristic resources. The continents’ MICE tourism, however, has been on the growth path before COVID 19 pandemic. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of perceived destination image by international MICE visitors on their post-visit behaviour. The study was carried out in the Kenyan capital city, Nairobi. The study followed a convenience sampling method with a total sample of 335 respondents. A model on destination image and post-visit behaviour was developed and tested. A blindfolding procedure in PLS showed the model had predictive relevance. Findings indicated that the cognitive image dimension had a positive and significant influence on affective image, overall image, and post-visit behaviour. Affective image positively influences overall image but not post-visit behaviour. Overall destination image had the greatest effect on post-visit behaviour. Destination Marketers in Kenya should pay particular attention to the destination’s cognitive image. The study provides valuable information for policymakers and destination marketers in developing actionable positioning strategies to enhance the destination’s image and competitiveness.
由于刻板印象、偏见和国际媒体的负面报道,包括肯尼亚在内的非洲继续遭受负面形象的影响。尽管拥有丰富而独特的自然旅游资源,但这继续对各大洲在全球休闲旅游市场中的份额产生负面影响。然而,在新冠疫情之前,各大洲的会展旅游一直在增长。因此,本研究调查了国际会展游客对目的地形象的感知对其访问后行为的影响。这项研究是在肯尼亚首都内罗毕进行的。本研究采用方便抽样法,共有335名受访者。一个关于目的地形象和访问后行为的模型被开发和测试。PLS的蒙眼程序显示该模型具有预测相关性。研究发现,认知意象维度对情感意象、整体意象和访后行为均有显著正向影响。情感形象对整体形象有正向影响,但对访后行为无正向影响。整体目的地形象对游客的访后行为影响最大。肯尼亚的目的地营销人员要特别注意目的地的认知形象。该研究为决策者和目的地营销人员提供了有价值的信息,以制定可操作的定位策略,以提高目的地的形象和竞争力。
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引用次数: 3
An Analysis of Employee Motivation in a Multinational Context in Sub Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲跨国公司背景下的员工激励分析
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.119
P. N. Acha-Anyi, Robson Masaraure
This study assesses motivational preferences of employees in a multinational context in Sub Saharan Africa. Using the Grundfos group operating sites in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa as a case study, the study explores quantitative data on possible differences in employee motivational factors based on selected variables such as location, length of service and managerial status. Questionnaires were employed in collecting data from 131 participants from the three locations of Grundfos Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Results of the study reveal that the factor “equal treatment of employees” is considered most important among the respondents. It is also noted that there were no significant statistical differences among the participants based on the examined variables. Policy and practical implications of the findings of this study are discussed, particularly around the development and implementation of Human resources policies that address employee perceptions of equity. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on employee motivation in multinational settings.
本研究评估了撒哈拉以南非洲跨国公司背景下员工的动机偏好。本研究以格兰富集团在加纳、肯尼亚和南非的运营基地为例,探讨了基于地点、服务年限和管理地位等选定变量的员工激励因素可能存在的差异的定量数据。格兰富撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)三个地点的131名参与者通过问卷收集数据。研究结果显示,受访者认为“平等对待员工”是最重要的因素。值得注意的是,根据所检查的变量,参与者之间没有显着的统计差异。讨论了本研究结果的政策和实际意义,特别是围绕人力资源政策的制定和实施,以解决员工对公平的看法。本研究对现有的跨国企业员工激励研究文献有所贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Quality Management Systems in Zimbabwean Hotels 影响津巴布韦酒店采用质量管理体系的因素
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.46222/ajhtl.19970820-132
Vitalis Basera, J. Mwenje
This paper aims at highlighting factors contributing to late adoption of quality management systems (QMS) in the Zimbabwe hotel industry. The research answered questions on: What are the internal factors affecting adoption of QMS in hotels; What are the external factors affecting adoption of QMS in the hotels. Hotel managers and key stakeholders in the hotel industry were interviewed to get data. Focus group discussions was used to get data from hotel staff members. Directed content analysis was used to analyse data. Some of the internal factors affecting adoption of QMS in the hotel industry in Zimbabwe identified are high staff and management turnover, absence of specialised quality function, poor remuneration of hotel employees and lack of financial resources. While some of the external factors identified are high taxes and licensing fees, industry over regulation, hyperinflation, and poor industry supporting infrastructure. The study recommended for creation of hotel industry stakeholder platform to enhance adoption of QMS in the hotel industry looking at how best to ease the identified factors. There is need for a review of hotel industry operating environment from regulator perspective so as to ease the operating environment which can improve the hotels sustainability.
本文的目的是突出的因素,有助于后期采用质量管理体系(QMS)在津巴布韦酒店业。本研究回答了以下问题:影响酒店采用质量管理体系的内部因素是什么;影响酒店采用质量管理体系的外部因素是什么?对酒店经理和酒店行业的主要利益相关者进行了访谈,以获取数据。焦点小组讨论被用来从酒店员工那里获得数据。采用定向内容分析法对数据进行分析。影响津巴布韦酒店业采用质量管理体系的一些内部因素是员工和管理层的高流动率,缺乏专门的质量职能,酒店员工薪酬低以及缺乏财政资源。一些外部因素包括高税收和许可费、行业过度监管、恶性通货膨胀和糟糕的行业支持基础设施。该研究建议创建酒店行业利益相关者平台,以提高酒店行业对质量管理体系的采用,并研究如何最好地缓解已确定的因素。有必要从管理者的角度审视酒店业的经营环境,从而改善经营环境,提高酒店的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
EFFICACY OF SOME INDIGENOUS HERBS ON YUVANAPIDIKA W.S.R. TO ACNE VULGARIS: A REVIEW 一些土生中药对寻常性痤疮的疗效综述
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.46607/iamj2509042021
Lekshmy M, Shuchi Mitra, Yadevendra Yadav, K. Sharma
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the teenagers. As it is chronic and affects face mainly, it always causes negative psychological impact on human life. In a study conducted in 2015 acne affected 650 million people globally making it the most common skin disease worldwide. In a study of “Global burden of disease” it is revealed that acne was the 8th common prevalent disease worldwide. In Ayurveda the features of Mukhadusika or Yuvanapidika can be correlated with Acne vulgaris. In modern medicine anti-biotics are mainly used for the treatment of acne. Due to increasing resistance of anti-microbial agents, side effects, and sometimes high cost of treatment, it is necessary to find herbal remedy for the cure of acne. In this article a review of efficacy of 5 potential herbal drugs for acne is done. These herbal drugs are Manjishta, Shalmali, Ghrit kumari, Daruharidra, and Yashtimadhu.Keywords: Yuvanapidika, Mukhadushika, Manjistha, Shalmali, Daruharidra, Ghritakumari, Yasthimadhu
寻常痤疮是一种以青少年为主的慢性炎症性疾病。由于它是慢性的,主要影响面部,总是对人的生活造成负面的心理影响。在2015年进行的一项研究中,痤疮影响了全球6.5亿人,使其成为全球最常见的皮肤病。一项关于“全球疾病负担”的研究显示,痤疮是全球第8大常见疾病。在阿育吠陀中,Mukhadusika或Yuvanapidika的特征可以与寻常痤疮相关。在现代医学中,抗生素主要用于治疗痤疮。由于抗微生物药物的耐药性增加,副作用,有时治疗费用高,有必要寻找草药治疗痤疮。本文综述了5种治疗痤疮的潜在草药的疗效。这些草药是Manjishta, Shalmali, Ghrit kumari, Daruharidra和Yashtimadhu。关键词:Yuvanapidika, Mukhadushika, Manjistha, Shalmali, Daruharidra, Ghritakumari, Yasthimadhu
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引用次数: 0
TOBACCO PRODUCTS: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE HARMFULNESS 烟草制品。化学分析和比较危害
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.46607/iamj1409042021
S. Bijarniya, Ritu Kapoor, Manoj Adlakha
Tobacco consumption is a major social health problem in India as well as throughout the world, because it harms both health and wealth of an addict. Tobacco is a Sthavara Patra Visha received from the plant Nicotiana tobacum/ Nicotiana rusticum leaves by curing them. Tobacco contains an alkaloid nicotine in abundant amount, which is sufficient to make addict like alcohol, cocaine and morphine. There are so many different forms of smoking and smokeless tobacco in India, like cigarette, bidi, gutka, jarda, pan masala etc. Long timed use of Tobacco like adductive products by oral route, acts as a slow poison (Dushi Visha) induces chronic toxicity to the gastrointestinal tract like oral diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, Leukoplakia (precancerous stage), and may lead to cancer also in advance stage. This chronic toxicity affects cardiovascular system and results as increasing coronary blood flow, heart rate and blood pressure which may trigger the chances of heart attack rate in addict person. Before we can do any effort for reducing toxicity produced by tobacco products its mandatory to knowing the basic knowledge of tobacco products, their chemical composition, their mechanism of action with comparative toxicity and specific tobacco product related to a specific mouth part cancer. Because we can’t stop a person to start tobacco use but we can circulate the knowledge of tobacco products in adolescent groups so that when the beginner chose a tobacco product, he will be aware about the toxicity and affecting organ because of its use. So that, the toxicity can be minimised.Keywords: Tobacco consumption, nicotine, slow poison, cancer, comparative toxicity
烟草消费在印度和全世界都是一个主要的社会健康问题,因为它既损害了瘾君子的健康,也损害了他们的财富。烟草是从烟草植物Nicotiana tobacum/ Nicotiana rusticum的叶子经过烘烤后获得的Sthavara Patra Visha。烟草中含有大量的生物碱尼古丁,足以使人像酒精、可卡因和吗啡一样上瘾。在印度,有很多不同形式的吸烟和无烟烟草,比如香烟、比迪烟、古特卡、贾达、pan masala等。长期通过口服途径使用烟草类内收产品,作为慢毒(Dushi Visha)对胃肠道产生慢性毒性,如口腔疾病、牙龈炎、牙周炎、白斑(癌前期),也可能导致癌前期。这种慢性毒性影响心血管系统,导致冠状动脉血流量增加,心率和血压升高,这可能会引发成瘾者心脏病发作的机会。在我们努力减少烟草制品产生的毒性之前必须了解烟草制品的基本知识,它们的化学成分,它们与比较毒性的作用机制以及与特定口腔部位癌症相关的特定烟草制品。因为我们不能阻止一个人开始使用烟草,但我们可以在青少年群体中传播烟草产品的知识,这样当初学者选择一种烟草产品时,他就会意识到它的毒性和使用对器官的影响。这样,毒性就可以降到最低。关键词:烟草消费,尼古丁,慢毒,癌症,比较毒性
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引用次数: 0
CRITICAL REVIEW OF RASA RATNA SAMUCCHAYA W.S.R. TO ITS DEEPIKA TEEKA 对《rasa ratna samucchaya W.S.R.》对其deepika teeka的批判性评价
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.46607/iamj3409042021
R. Sharma, K. Rao, Reetesh Ramnani, Mukesh A. Chaudhari
Rasa Ratna Samucchaya was written by Rasa vagbhatta. Deepika teeka of Rasa Ratna Samucchaya written by Pandit Hazari Lal Shukla. This teeka founds in two parts first part is from chapter 1st to 11th. and Second part is from 12th to 30th chapter. In present study only 11 chapters described. 1st part which mainly comprises classical aspects of Rasashastra. 2nd Part of the Samucchaya is mainly focused on clinical aspects of Rasayoga. Thus,deepikateeka of Rasa Ratna samuchaya is an essential and mandatory book for those who aspire to gain basic and thorough knowledge about Rasa shastra and considered to be one among the indispensable reference books. In this Teeka, many instances, Teekakara has tried to clarify the doubts of reader by giving special notes eg. Types of Abhraka. Also, he has added some points out of his experience, from the knowledge of contempo- rary science as well as from the knowledge of other Rasashastra books. The commentator has emphasized to ex- plain many anukta concepts and has given a critical view on certain controversial topic. Thus, Rasa Ratna samuc- chaya is an essential and mandatory book for those who aspire to gain basic and thorough knowledge about Rasashastra and considered to be one among the indispensable reference books.Keywords: Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, Rasa vagbhatta, Deepikateeka, Pandit Hazari Lal Shukla
《Rasa Ratna Samucchaya》由Rasa vagbhatta撰写。由Pandit Hazari Lal Shukla撰写的Rasa Ratna Samucchaya的Deepika teeka。这篇文章分为两部分,第一部分从第一章到第十一章。第二部分是从第十二章到第三十章。在目前的研究中,只描述了11章。第一部分主要是rasay瑜伽的经典方面,第二部分主要是rasay瑜伽的临床方面。因此,对于那些渴望获得关于Rasa shastra的基本和全面知识的人来说,《Rasa Ratna samuchaya》是一本必不可少的必读书籍,被认为是不可或缺的参考书之一。在这本书中,在很多情况下,Teekakara试图澄清读者的疑虑,并给出了特别的注释。阿婆罗卡的类型。此外,他还从他的经验中补充了一些观点,这些观点来自当代科学的知识以及其他罗沙斯特拉书籍的知识。作者着重解释了许多“阿努克塔”的概念,并对某些有争议的话题提出了批判的观点。因此,对于那些渴望获得关于《罗沙沙》的基本和全面知识的人来说,《罗沙沙》是一本必不可少的必读书籍,被认为是不可或缺的参考书之一。关键词:Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, Rasa vagbhatta, Deepikateeka, Pandit Hazari Lal Shukla
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引用次数: 0
CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING OF HYPERTENSION IN AYURVEDA 阿育吠陀对高血压的批判性理解
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.46607/iamj2109042021
Yadav Pooja Shivshankar, Madhava Diggavi
The main objective of this review is to understand the pathophysiology of Hypertension in view of Ayurveda. Vyana Vayu, Apana Vayu, Sadhaka Pitta and Rasa Dhatu play an important role in pathogenesis of Hypertension. Raised BP remains the leading cause of death globally. In this article an attempt is made to explain the pathophysiology of Hypertension in the view of Ayurveda and its relevance in various Ayurvedic pathological conditions. It is not advisable to co-relate Hypertension to only Raktagata Vyadhis. Wide Literature Review is done to find the relation of Hypertension in pathologies other than Raktagata Vyadhis.Keywords: Hypertension, Vyana Vayu, Apana Vayu, Sadhaka Pitta, Rasa Dhatu, Raktagata Vyadhis, Pathophysiology.
本文综述的主要目的是从阿育吠陀的角度了解高血压的病理生理。Vyana Vayu、Apana Vayu、Sadhaka Pitta和Rasa Dhatu在高血压发病中起重要作用。升高的血压仍然是全球死亡的主要原因。本文试图从阿育吠陀的角度来解释高血压的病理生理及其在各种阿育吠陀病理条件下的相关性。将高血压仅仅与Raktagata Vyadhis联系起来是不可取的。广泛的文献回顾,以发现高血压的病理关系,而不是Raktagata Vyadhis。关键词:高血压,Vyana Vayu, Apana Vayu, Sadhaka Pitta, Rasa Dhatu, Raktagata Vyadhis,病理生理学
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引用次数: 0
A CASE REPORT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ARTAVA KSHAYA WITH SHATAPUSHPA KALPA AND SHATAPUSHPA TAILA MATRA BASTI 用沙塔普什帕和沙塔普什帕泰拉玛特拉巴斯管理沙塔普什帕的案例报告
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.46607/iamj4109042021
P. Kumari, Poonam Choudhary, S. Sonu, H. Dave
Artava Kshaya is the most common disease among women nowadays. Its prevalence is increasing day by day due to present lifestyle, food habits, stressful lifestyle and many other endocrine and other causes. This is a case study of a female patient who was suffering from delayed menstruation since 1.5 year. She was interrogated for the de- tailed history and all necessary routine, hormonal and other investigations were done. Then the treatment was planned according to her presenting complaint. She was treated with Shatapushpa kalpa and Shatapushpa Taila Matra Basti for 2 consecutive cycles. She got her menstruation at regular interval while taking medicines and then she was kept on 2 months of follow up after cessation of medicine. She still continued to have her menstruation regularly without medicine.Keywords: Artava kshaya, Shatapushpa Kalpa, Shatapushpa taila matra basti, Oligomenorrhoea
阿尔塔瓦病是当今妇女中最常见的疾病。由于目前的生活方式、饮食习惯、紧张的生活方式以及许多其他内分泌和其他原因,其患病率日益增加。这是一个女性患者的案例研究,她的月经延迟了一年半。她被询问了详细的病史,并做了所有必要的例行检查,激素和其他检查。然后根据她的主诉计划治疗。她接受了Shatapushpa kalpa和Shatapushpa Taila Matra Basti连续2个周期的治疗。服药期间定期月经,停药后随访2个月。她在没有吃药的情况下仍然有规律地来月经。关键词:沙塔普什巴;沙塔普什巴;沙塔普什巴
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引用次数: 0
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April 2021
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