Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2021.131944.1121
Rana M. Raoof, M. Al-Hamdany, Khalida I. Noel
Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency that require prompt diagnostic and treatment measures due to its associated mortality and morbidity. The role of neuro-inflammation in status epilepticus has been studied extensively and many potential molecules have been proposed as a promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the condition. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is a DNA-binding protein with many housekeeping functions. Under certain conditions, HMGB1 will be translocated to the extracellular space promoting a strong pro-inflammatory reaction with activation of many downstream inflammatory pathways related to seizure onset and progression. In this review the potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of SE was highlighted stressing on the promising implications of this molecule as a therapeutic target for SE.
{"title":"Role of High Mobility Group Box-1 in Status Epilepticus, From Pathophysiology to Biomarker and Therapeutic Potential","authors":"Rana M. Raoof, M. Al-Hamdany, Khalida I. Noel","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.131944.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.131944.1121","url":null,"abstract":"Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency that require prompt diagnostic and treatment measures due to its associated mortality and morbidity. The role of neuro-inflammation in status epilepticus has been studied extensively and many potential molecules have been proposed as a promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the condition. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is a DNA-binding protein with many housekeeping functions. Under certain conditions, HMGB1 will be translocated to the extracellular space promoting a strong pro-inflammatory reaction with activation of many downstream inflammatory pathways related to seizure onset and progression. In this review the potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of SE was highlighted stressing on the promising implications of this molecule as a therapeutic target for SE.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89080932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2022.133534.1145
K. K. Younis
Background : Bowel injury remains a potential serious complication of gynecological laparoscopy. Electro thermal energy, especially in the form of monopolar diathermy, is used widely during Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling (LOD) by diathermy for clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary disease (PCOD). Occasionally there can be unrecognized transfer of energy in the operating area, resulting in electro thermal bowel injury. If iatrogenic bowel injury is not recognized at the time it occurs, it can have devastating consequences. Objectives : Through personal observations of 3 patients who underwent (LOD) for clomiphene-resistant (PCOD) followed by bowel perforation ,we highlighted their ways of presentation , recognition , avoidance and management of such complication. Setting : Surgical wards of Al-Jamhoori Teaching Hospital in Mosul City Patients and Methods : Through personal observation, we report a series of 3 infertile women who underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling for clomiphene resistant infertility but were readmitted 2-3 days later with pinhole leaks from perforated bowel . Results : After (LOD ) ,two patients out of three were urgently explored via laparotomy and multiple bowel perforations were found and repaired. Consequently they improved .The third patient presented lately after rupture of bowel and peritonitis. Although she underwent explorative laparotomy but her condition was potentially fatal and died from sepsis. avoid complications with consultation and involvement of surgeons early following the procedure. High clinical suspicion is crucial for early diagnosis of bowel injuries. When diagnosis is delayed, then morbidity and mortality rises.
{"title":"Bowel Injuries after Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling: Observation of Three Cases with Review of Literatures","authors":"K. K. Younis","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2022.133534.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2022.133534.1145","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Bowel injury remains a potential serious complication of gynecological laparoscopy. Electro thermal energy, especially in the form of monopolar diathermy, is used widely during Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling (LOD) by diathermy for clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary disease (PCOD). Occasionally there can be unrecognized transfer of energy in the operating area, resulting in electro thermal bowel injury. If iatrogenic bowel injury is not recognized at the time it occurs, it can have devastating consequences. Objectives : Through personal observations of 3 patients who underwent (LOD) for clomiphene-resistant (PCOD) followed by bowel perforation ,we highlighted their ways of presentation , recognition , avoidance and management of such complication. Setting : Surgical wards of Al-Jamhoori Teaching Hospital in Mosul City Patients and Methods : Through personal observation, we report a series of 3 infertile women who underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling for clomiphene resistant infertility but were readmitted 2-3 days later with pinhole leaks from perforated bowel . Results : After (LOD ) ,two patients out of three were urgently explored via laparotomy and multiple bowel perforations were found and repaired. Consequently they improved .The third patient presented lately after rupture of bowel and peritonitis. Although she underwent explorative laparotomy but her condition was potentially fatal and died from sepsis. avoid complications with consultation and involvement of surgeons early following the procedure. High clinical suspicion is crucial for early diagnosis of bowel injuries. When diagnosis is delayed, then morbidity and mortality rises.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87535203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2022.133096.1138
R. A. Abdullah
Background : Parkinson disease is a long-lasting and progressive motor disorder which is identified by three critical motor symptoms which are bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor. Aim of the study: To assess the histopathological changes in the brain of Parkinson disease’s patients and the regimes used for treatment. Conclusion: Several histopathological changes in the neurons in brain of patients with Parkinson disease are α-synucleinopathies, lewy bodies, damage of synaptic neurons, and hyperactivation of microglial cell. Many regimes were used in the treatment of Parkinson disease particularly to alleviate motor symptoms. The golden goal is they should focus on preserving the synaptic neurons before they get damaged.
{"title":"Assessment of neuropathological findings and medical treatment of Parkinson disease: A review of literature","authors":"R. A. Abdullah","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2022.133096.1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2022.133096.1138","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Parkinson disease is a long-lasting and progressive motor disorder which is identified by three critical motor symptoms which are bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor. Aim of the study: To assess the histopathological changes in the brain of Parkinson disease’s patients and the regimes used for treatment. Conclusion: Several histopathological changes in the neurons in brain of patients with Parkinson disease are α-synucleinopathies, lewy bodies, damage of synaptic neurons, and hyperactivation of microglial cell. Many regimes were used in the treatment of Parkinson disease particularly to alleviate motor symptoms. The golden goal is they should focus on preserving the synaptic neurons before they get damaged.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86280983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2022.133834.1146
Asmaa Sheetawi, Firas M D Al-Tae, A. Ahmed, Mohammed Essmat Ahmed
Background: Tumor necrosis factor – alpha (TNF-α) has been proposed to play an important role in the etiopathology of congenital heart diseases (CHD) worldwide. However, no previous study about the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of CHDs in Mosul city / Iraq has been reported . Objectives: 1) To evaluate the serum levels of TNF-α cytokine in cyanotic and a cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CHDs and to compare the results with control healthy children in Mosul city 2) To find any association between the level of this pro-inflammatory marker and other demographic parameters such as age and gender 3) To test the diagnostic validity of this cytokine for the diagnosis of CHD at different cut-off values. Patients, materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology / College of Medicine / University of Mosul over two years and 3 months from April 2019 to July 2021. Twenty nine (29) child with a cyanotic congenital heart diseases and seventeen (17) child with cyanotic heart diseases were included. Another Thirty one (31) healthy child were also included as a controls. . All patients were collected from Al-Khansa teaching hospital in Mosul city. The serum TNF-α concentration was measured in all participants by using ELISA. Results: Mean age of children with acyanotic heart diseases (2.7 ± 2.9 years) did not significantly differ from that of cyanotics (2.1 ± 1.9) or healthy controls (3.1 ± 1.7) , (P>0.05). The average TNF-α level in acyanotic heart diseases was 321.18 ± 325.71 ng/l compared to 120.63 ± 84.33 ng/l in cyanotics and 119.01 ± 139.71 in healthy controls. TNF- α was significantly elevated in acyanotic heart diseases in comparison to healthy children (P = 0.003). No significant difference was noted between acyaotics and cyanotic heart diseases in regards to TNF- α concentrations (P = 0.07). No age or gender effects were noted on TNF-α concentration in both acyanotic and cyanotic heart diseases (P>0.05). At the best cut-off value of 124 ng/l TNF-α had a specificity of 90.32% , sensitivity of 48.28% and accuracy rate of 39% as indicated by AUC-ROC curve . Conclusion: The current study showed higher TNF- α in acyanotic (but not in cyanotic) heart diseases compared to healthy controls. TNF-α had poor diagnostic utility to discriminate between CHD and healthy individuals and therefore not recommended as valuable biological marker for the diagnosis of CHD.
{"title":"The Serum Level of Proinflammatory TNF-alpha Cytokine in Cyanotic and Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases in Mosul City","authors":"Asmaa Sheetawi, Firas M D Al-Tae, A. Ahmed, Mohammed Essmat Ahmed","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2022.133834.1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2022.133834.1146","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tumor necrosis factor – alpha (TNF-α) has been proposed to play an important role in the etiopathology of congenital heart diseases (CHD) worldwide. However, no previous study about the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of CHDs in Mosul city / Iraq has been reported . Objectives: 1) To evaluate the serum levels of TNF-α cytokine in cyanotic and a cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CHDs and to compare the results with control healthy children in Mosul city 2) To find any association between the level of this pro-inflammatory marker and other demographic parameters such as age and gender 3) To test the diagnostic validity of this cytokine for the diagnosis of CHD at different cut-off values. Patients, materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology / College of Medicine / University of Mosul over two years and 3 months from April 2019 to July 2021. Twenty nine (29) child with a cyanotic congenital heart diseases and seventeen (17) child with cyanotic heart diseases were included. Another Thirty one (31) healthy child were also included as a controls. . All patients were collected from Al-Khansa teaching hospital in Mosul city. The serum TNF-α concentration was measured in all participants by using ELISA. Results: Mean age of children with acyanotic heart diseases (2.7 ± 2.9 years) did not significantly differ from that of cyanotics (2.1 ± 1.9) or healthy controls (3.1 ± 1.7) , (P>0.05). The average TNF-α level in acyanotic heart diseases was 321.18 ± 325.71 ng/l compared to 120.63 ± 84.33 ng/l in cyanotics and 119.01 ± 139.71 in healthy controls. TNF- α was significantly elevated in acyanotic heart diseases in comparison to healthy children (P = 0.003). No significant difference was noted between acyaotics and cyanotic heart diseases in regards to TNF- α concentrations (P = 0.07). No age or gender effects were noted on TNF-α concentration in both acyanotic and cyanotic heart diseases (P>0.05). At the best cut-off value of 124 ng/l TNF-α had a specificity of 90.32% , sensitivity of 48.28% and accuracy rate of 39% as indicated by AUC-ROC curve . Conclusion: The current study showed higher TNF- α in acyanotic (but not in cyanotic) heart diseases compared to healthy controls. TNF-α had poor diagnostic utility to discriminate between CHD and healthy individuals and therefore not recommended as valuable biological marker for the diagnosis of CHD.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86513926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2022.133399.1141
I. Othman, Muna HI Alzubadaidy
Objective: To evaluate the analgesic effect of ceftriaxone when administered alone or in combination with paracetamol and diclofenac sodium in boiler chicks. Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine ,University of Mosul , Mosul, Iraq, from November 2021 to February 2022. It was determined using formaldehyde test and the median analgesic effective dose (ED 50 ) for ceftriaxone, paracetamol and diclofenac sodium depending on the method of Dixon. An isobolographic ratio of 0.5:0.5 of the ED 50 for each drug at the analgesic level was calculated. Results: The administration of ceftriaxone at doses of (523, 1064 and 1330mg/kg) intramuscularly was led to a significant (p value=0.02) and clear analgesic effect through the disappearance of the right foot lift caused by the injection of formaldehyde, in aadition to significant decrease (p value=0.01) in foot thickness at dose of 1330 mg/kg . Analgesic ED 50 of ceftriaxone , paracetamol and diclofenac sodium by Dixon method were 42.6 ,32.6 and 6.26 mg /kg respectively. The intramuscular administrations of drugs in a ratio of 0.5:0.5 result in a significant decrease (p value<0.001) in ED 50 values to 6.77, 5.34 and 0.99 mg/kg respectively. The application of the isobolographic analysis revealed the type of interaction between ceftriaxone/paracetamol, ceftriaxone /diclofenac sodium, and the interaction was synergistic when they were given at the ratio 0.5:0.5. Conclusion: The results showed that ceftriaxone exerts its analgesic effect in chicks by reducing the mechanical hyperalgesia resulting from formaldehyde injection in the planter of the right foot and potentiated the analgesic effects of paracetamol and diclofenac sodium through the synergistic interaction.
{"title":"Detection of the analgesic effect of ceftriaxone in chicks","authors":"I. Othman, Muna HI Alzubadaidy","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2022.133399.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2022.133399.1141","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the analgesic effect of ceftriaxone when administered alone or in combination with paracetamol and diclofenac sodium in boiler chicks. Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine ,University of Mosul , Mosul, Iraq, from November 2021 to February 2022. It was determined using formaldehyde test and the median analgesic effective dose (ED 50 ) for ceftriaxone, paracetamol and diclofenac sodium depending on the method of Dixon. An isobolographic ratio of 0.5:0.5 of the ED 50 for each drug at the analgesic level was calculated. Results: The administration of ceftriaxone at doses of (523, 1064 and 1330mg/kg) intramuscularly was led to a significant (p value=0.02) and clear analgesic effect through the disappearance of the right foot lift caused by the injection of formaldehyde, in aadition to significant decrease (p value=0.01) in foot thickness at dose of 1330 mg/kg . Analgesic ED 50 of ceftriaxone , paracetamol and diclofenac sodium by Dixon method were 42.6 ,32.6 and 6.26 mg /kg respectively. The intramuscular administrations of drugs in a ratio of 0.5:0.5 result in a significant decrease (p value<0.001) in ED 50 values to 6.77, 5.34 and 0.99 mg/kg respectively. The application of the isobolographic analysis revealed the type of interaction between ceftriaxone/paracetamol, ceftriaxone /diclofenac sodium, and the interaction was synergistic when they were given at the ratio 0.5:0.5. Conclusion: The results showed that ceftriaxone exerts its analgesic effect in chicks by reducing the mechanical hyperalgesia resulting from formaldehyde injection in the planter of the right foot and potentiated the analgesic effects of paracetamol and diclofenac sodium through the synergistic interaction.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81260101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2021.131611.1115
B. Alhajjar, Ibrahim Shukur Alhadidi, Ahmad Mahmud Al-Sharabi
Background: Gastro-intestinal perforation (GIP) of neonates considered as one of the foremost emergency problems faced by pediatric surgeons around the world. It represents important challenges with a high mortality of 15-70% has been reported. Despite enhancements in anesthesia, as well as, intensive care, mortality has remained high, especially in premature babies. Patients and Methods: A retrospective series study including 50 patients diagnosed as GIT perforation were admitted to the neonatal pediatric surgery center in Al-Khansaa teaching hospital, allocated over the period extending from April 2017 to June 2019. Records were reviewed for the age, sex, gestational age, weight, duration of symptoms, associated anomalies, causes of GIT perforation, procedure done, mortality, amorbidity, and hospital stay period. Leak from intestinal anastomosis secondary to resection as surgical interference were excluded from the study. Results: The presentation age varied between 12 hours to 27 days with a median age of 3.5 days. The weight mean is 2.93 kg. The mean gestation age was 34 weeks, ranging from 30-42 weeks. The majority had the symptoms before 30 hours. Most of the sample is within the 1 st week representing 86.0%. The males are representing 76.0% while the females are 24.0% with a ratio about of (3:1). About 56.0% of the perforations occur in the small bowel and only 4.0% in appendix. The large bowel represents 28.0% and the stomach 12.0%. The positive findings of abdominal X-Ray are found in 80.0% of patients. 40.0% of patients are died. The frequent site is the ileum, found in 8 patients (40.0%) of all deaths. Next are the Jejunum and colon, representing 20.0% for each. The stomach pathology found in 10.0%, as well as, the cecum 10.0%. Conclusion: The commonest site of perforation is small bowel. History, clinical picture and erect abdominal X-ray are very important for the diagnosis. The risk factors raise the mortality rate include malnutrition, the appearance of complications, lack of certain drugs, delayed diagnosis, prematurity, and associated anomalies. The outcome is improved with early identification, diagnosis, and treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY : To study the causes and outcome of neonatal GIT perforations in Mosul city and its drainage areas in the north of Iraq.
{"title":"Neonatal gastro-intestinal tract perforation in Mosul city","authors":"B. Alhajjar, Ibrahim Shukur Alhadidi, Ahmad Mahmud Al-Sharabi","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.131611.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.131611.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastro-intestinal perforation (GIP) of neonates considered as one of the foremost emergency problems faced by pediatric surgeons around the world. It represents important challenges with a high mortality of 15-70% has been reported. Despite enhancements in anesthesia, as well as, intensive care, mortality has remained high, especially in premature babies. Patients and Methods: A retrospective series study including 50 patients diagnosed as GIT perforation were admitted to the neonatal pediatric surgery center in Al-Khansaa teaching hospital, allocated over the period extending from April 2017 to June 2019. Records were reviewed for the age, sex, gestational age, weight, duration of symptoms, associated anomalies, causes of GIT perforation, procedure done, mortality, amorbidity, and hospital stay period. Leak from intestinal anastomosis secondary to resection as surgical interference were excluded from the study. Results: The presentation age varied between 12 hours to 27 days with a median age of 3.5 days. The weight mean is 2.93 kg. The mean gestation age was 34 weeks, ranging from 30-42 weeks. The majority had the symptoms before 30 hours. Most of the sample is within the 1 st week representing 86.0%. The males are representing 76.0% while the females are 24.0% with a ratio about of (3:1). About 56.0% of the perforations occur in the small bowel and only 4.0% in appendix. The large bowel represents 28.0% and the stomach 12.0%. The positive findings of abdominal X-Ray are found in 80.0% of patients. 40.0% of patients are died. The frequent site is the ileum, found in 8 patients (40.0%) of all deaths. Next are the Jejunum and colon, representing 20.0% for each. The stomach pathology found in 10.0%, as well as, the cecum 10.0%. Conclusion: The commonest site of perforation is small bowel. History, clinical picture and erect abdominal X-ray are very important for the diagnosis. The risk factors raise the mortality rate include malnutrition, the appearance of complications, lack of certain drugs, delayed diagnosis, prematurity, and associated anomalies. The outcome is improved with early identification, diagnosis, and treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY : To study the causes and outcome of neonatal GIT perforations in Mosul city and its drainage areas in the north of Iraq.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80215296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2022.133951.1148
A. Al-Naemi
Background: Molecular biology and human medical genetics have introduced several novel biomarkers giving control over vital body functions, of these are transcriptional factors known as peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors “PPARs”. The aim of this review is to shed light on available online information and published research works about these biomarkers. The current review will try to display those findings mainly related to energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and some cardiovascular interactions. Methods: a literature review about peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors and their roles in controlling some vital body functions has been made and recorded. Search covered published investigations and research works over the last three decades as accessible. Results: peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors have crucial roles in controlling a big deal of vital biological processes in humans. Conclusions: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are important transcriptional factors with clinical impacts. Literature shows a wide spectrum of effects and interactions through affecting many genes involved in processes of glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and peripheral insulin sensitization in addition to interfering with processes of inflammation, angiogenesis, blood pressure control and atherosclerosis.
{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptors (PPARs): A Review on Effects on Glucose Metabolism, Energy Homeostasis and Cardiovascular System","authors":"A. Al-Naemi","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2022.133951.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2022.133951.1148","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Molecular biology and human medical genetics have introduced several novel biomarkers giving control over vital body functions, of these are transcriptional factors known as peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors “PPARs”. The aim of this review is to shed light on available online information and published research works about these biomarkers. The current review will try to display those findings mainly related to energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and some cardiovascular interactions. Methods: a literature review about peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors and their roles in controlling some vital body functions has been made and recorded. Search covered published investigations and research works over the last three decades as accessible. Results: peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors have crucial roles in controlling a big deal of vital biological processes in humans. Conclusions: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are important transcriptional factors with clinical impacts. Literature shows a wide spectrum of effects and interactions through affecting many genes involved in processes of glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and peripheral insulin sensitization in addition to interfering with processes of inflammation, angiogenesis, blood pressure control and atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78728249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2022.133478.1144
Mazin Mahmoud Fawzi, Omar Farouq Fadel Alomari
Obesity is a multifarious disorder involving developmental, behavioral, biological, environmental, and hereditary components; it is a major medical health issue. The greatest predominant cause of childhood obesity is a discrepancy in energy balance. The physicians have commonly depended on changes in food consumption with exercise since there is no single treatment choice for obesity treatment . The prevention of childhood obesity is considered as the enduring, cost-effective solution to the problem of obesity, effective methods for it still indescribable. In summary, this study will overview the implications, and treatment options available for childhood obesity.
{"title":"Childhood obesity: A review of literatures","authors":"Mazin Mahmoud Fawzi, Omar Farouq Fadel Alomari","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2022.133478.1144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2022.133478.1144","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a multifarious disorder involving developmental, behavioral, biological, environmental, and hereditary components; it is a major medical health issue. The greatest predominant cause of childhood obesity is a discrepancy in energy balance. The physicians have commonly depended on changes in food consumption with exercise since there is no single treatment choice for obesity treatment . The prevention of childhood obesity is considered as the enduring, cost-effective solution to the problem of obesity, effective methods for it still indescribable. In summary, this study will overview the implications, and treatment options available for childhood obesity.","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82058994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2021.131802.1117
Omaima Abdul Razzaq Zubair, H. G. Zubeer, S. Ahmed, Mohamad H Shehata, Mohamad A. Hassanein
Background : Covid 19 era bring learning to be more distant via internet. Many students' engagement methods applied in this context. The present study aims to enhance students' engagement in the learning process through application of online Team Based Learning in teaching antenatal care in fourth year medical students during COVID 19 period . Methods : A pilot intervention study was used to test the online team based learning application for teaching antenatal care partition of Community medicine curriculum during COVID-19 period. Then, the study was implemented on two sessions through two academic years for the large group fourth-year medical students of College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Iraq. Google classroom, Google form, Telegram and Zoom platform was the online platform that used for application of the study . Results : A total of 389 students were voluntarily participated in the study from two different academic years. There was significant improvement in the students’ performance obtained from team readiness assurance test in compares to individual readiness assurance test at each session's application. Students give high satisfaction for TBL as a better way of teaching comparing to traditional teaching methods . Conclusion : Pear's study has positive impact on students' understanding and when used online make the teaching easier and enjoyable .
{"title":"Online Team-Based Learning for Teaching Antenatal Care during COVID- 19 Pandemic","authors":"Omaima Abdul Razzaq Zubair, H. G. Zubeer, S. Ahmed, Mohamad H Shehata, Mohamad A. Hassanein","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2021.131802.1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2021.131802.1117","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Covid 19 era bring learning to be more distant via internet. Many students' engagement methods applied in this context. The present study aims to enhance students' engagement in the learning process through application of online Team Based Learning in teaching antenatal care in fourth year medical students during COVID 19 period . Methods : A pilot intervention study was used to test the online team based learning application for teaching antenatal care partition of Community medicine curriculum during COVID-19 period. Then, the study was implemented on two sessions through two academic years for the large group fourth-year medical students of College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Iraq. Google classroom, Google form, Telegram and Zoom platform was the online platform that used for application of the study . Results : A total of 389 students were voluntarily participated in the study from two different academic years. There was significant improvement in the students’ performance obtained from team readiness assurance test in compares to individual readiness assurance test at each session's application. Students give high satisfaction for TBL as a better way of teaching comparing to traditional teaching methods . Conclusion : Pear's study has positive impact on students' understanding and when used online make the teaching easier and enjoyable .","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85270748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.33899/mmed.2022.131880.1120
Mayyadah Y. Mahmmod, Jawad Kadhim Al-Diwan
Background : Physical inactivity regarded as one of the leading risk factors for global mortality through its effect on multiple chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD), which in turn responsible for disability adjusted life years lost DALY and premature death in addition to mental disorder and a substantial economic burden worldwide. Aim of study : To estimate the prevalence of physical activity/ inactivity among teenagers in Mosul city/ Iraq in post conflict period (2017-2019). Patients & Methods : Cross sectional study was conducted upon 600 teenagers aged (12-17) years of both sexes attending secondary schools of Mosul city. Data collected between October and December 2019, using special form of questionnaire (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescent PAQ-A), the data was obtained directly by interview with the students themselves to confirm a detailed questionnaire form. Using (SPSS 25) statistical package for social science program to calculate the prevalence of physical inactivity among teenagers [The student was physically inactive when he spends less than 60 minute daily of moderate to vigorous physical activity and physically active when he spends 6o minute or more daily of moderate to vigorous physical activity]. The data was presented as frequencies and percentages. A statistical test; chi-square test was used to test for the presence or absence of significant association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results : A total of 600 teenagers had been included in the study, 472 (78%) were physically inactive. Conclusion : The current study showed the prevalence of physical inactivity is high among teenagers, especially females. Recommendations : the study recommends the following to minimize the spread of physical inactivity among teenagers in the city:
{"title":"Impact of Conflict on Physical Activity among Teenagers in Mosul City","authors":"Mayyadah Y. Mahmmod, Jawad Kadhim Al-Diwan","doi":"10.33899/mmed.2022.131880.1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/mmed.2022.131880.1120","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Physical inactivity regarded as one of the leading risk factors for global mortality through its effect on multiple chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD), which in turn responsible for disability adjusted life years lost DALY and premature death in addition to mental disorder and a substantial economic burden worldwide. Aim of study : To estimate the prevalence of physical activity/ inactivity among teenagers in Mosul city/ Iraq in post conflict period (2017-2019). Patients & Methods : Cross sectional study was conducted upon 600 teenagers aged (12-17) years of both sexes attending secondary schools of Mosul city. Data collected between October and December 2019, using special form of questionnaire (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescent PAQ-A), the data was obtained directly by interview with the students themselves to confirm a detailed questionnaire form. Using (SPSS 25) statistical package for social science program to calculate the prevalence of physical inactivity among teenagers [The student was physically inactive when he spends less than 60 minute daily of moderate to vigorous physical activity and physically active when he spends 6o minute or more daily of moderate to vigorous physical activity]. The data was presented as frequencies and percentages. A statistical test; chi-square test was used to test for the presence or absence of significant association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results : A total of 600 teenagers had been included in the study, 472 (78%) were physically inactive. Conclusion : The current study showed the prevalence of physical inactivity is high among teenagers, especially females. Recommendations : the study recommends the following to minimize the spread of physical inactivity among teenagers in the city:","PeriodicalId":8334,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the College of Medicine, Mosul","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86389944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：