Eco-criticism examines the conflicting relationship between man and nature. Human beings encroach nature for their comfort and material prosperity. Nature is silent but it may crush us if we go against it crossing the limit. It is the holistic environmental theory, according to which not only living beings, but the whole ecosystem, including the biotic part of nature, is worthy of moral consideration. This paper examines how so called mechanical world i.e. physical world comes into tussle with the natural world in the poems-“Travelling through the Dark” and “Woodchucks”. This mundane world is the world of scientific inventions and machines. Human beings have become the slaves of machines and tools. They heavily depend on machinery objects to ease and comfort their life. But sometimes they misuse the machines and damage the natural objects posing threat to natural ecosystem. In ecosystem, all living beings- plants and animals are equally important as they are interdependent for their existence. If one of the animals is exterminated, other living beings in an ecosystem will be badly affected. This paper examines how the conflict between nature and modern technology occurs in the poems: “Travelling through the Dark” by William Stafford and “Woodchucks” by Maxine Kumin. This paper uses eco-criticism as a theoretical frame work for the research study. It compares and contrasts between two poems in terms of the nature of conflict between nature and modern technology. It answers the questions: How do human beings misuse the objects of the mechanical world at the risk of the natural world? Since natural eco-system is an integral part of our life, we need to conserve it for the safety of our own existence.
{"title":"The Conflict between Mechanical World and Natural World in ‟Travelling through the Dark” and ‟Woodchucks”: An Ecological Study","authors":"Dipesh Neupane","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43469","url":null,"abstract":"Eco-criticism examines the conflicting relationship between man and nature. Human beings encroach nature for their comfort and material prosperity. Nature is silent but it may crush us if we go against it crossing the limit. It is the holistic environmental theory, according to which not only living beings, but the whole ecosystem, including the biotic part of nature, is worthy of moral consideration. This paper examines how so called mechanical world i.e. physical world comes into tussle with the natural world in the poems-“Travelling through the Dark” and “Woodchucks”. This mundane world is the world of scientific inventions and machines. Human beings have become the slaves of machines and tools. They heavily depend on machinery objects to ease and comfort their life. But sometimes they misuse the machines and damage the natural objects posing threat to natural ecosystem. In ecosystem, all living beings- plants and animals are equally important as they are interdependent for their existence. If one of the animals is exterminated, other living beings in an ecosystem will be badly affected. This paper examines how the conflict between nature and modern technology occurs in the poems: “Travelling through the Dark” by William Stafford and “Woodchucks” by Maxine Kumin. This paper uses eco-criticism as a theoretical frame work for the research study. It compares and contrasts between two poems in terms of the nature of conflict between nature and modern technology. It answers the questions: How do human beings misuse the objects of the mechanical world at the risk of the natural world? Since natural eco-system is an integral part of our life, we need to conserve it for the safety of our own existence.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80757746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Work-life balance (WLB) is almost helping employees in maintaining healthy, rewarding lifestyles that will, in turn, lead to improvements in efficiency or prosperity. The study intended to explore the level of satisfaction of the working women on their personal commitments, to evaluate the workingwomen perception on support of senior officials and to identify employee’s women perspective on balance work load. This study has been based on descriptive as well as exploratory research designs were used with sample size of 40. Data was collected from four development sector banks in Nepal through structured schedules, using convenience sampling. The study provides an insight to academicians and policy makers in bank and other organizations into the needs of today’s employees and initiatives taken in public sector banks for work-life balance. Other organizations might adopt these practices for helping employees attain work-life balance and hence increase their job satisfaction and organizational productivity.
{"title":"Work-life Balance Initiatives of Employees’ Women in Development Banks of Nepal: Employees’ Perspective","authors":"Pradip Parajuli","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43490","url":null,"abstract":"Work-life balance (WLB) is almost helping employees in maintaining healthy, rewarding lifestyles that will, in turn, lead to improvements in efficiency or prosperity. The study intended to explore the level of satisfaction of the working women on their personal commitments, to evaluate the workingwomen perception on support of senior officials and to identify employee’s women perspective on balance work load. This study has been based on descriptive as well as exploratory research designs were used with sample size of 40. Data was collected from four development sector banks in Nepal through structured schedules, using convenience sampling. The study provides an insight to academicians and policy makers in bank and other organizations into the needs of today’s employees and initiatives taken in public sector banks for work-life balance. Other organizations might adopt these practices for helping employees attain work-life balance and hence increase their job satisfaction and organizational productivity.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90242269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article tries to highlight the condition of human development in the contest of Nepal. The topic is framed as part of the general issue of gender, caste/ethnicity, regional rural and urban disparities. This study is based on descriptive as well as analytical in nature. Sources of information in this study are secondary nature like published and unpublished research papers, human development annual reports and national and international journal articles. Data are presented in to tabular form and they are analyzed in to descriptive form. The first Human Development Report was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen. Since then reports have been released most years, and have explored different themes through the human development approach, which places people at the center of the development process. Since 1990, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has published a series of annual Human Development Reports (HDRs) in which the human development index (HDI) is computed for each country. Nepal has been publishing the Nepal Human Development Report since 1998, with the focus shifting considering the needs of the country. In the 1990-2018 period, Nepal’s human development index score rose from 0.380to 0.579, an increase of 52.6 percent and life expectancy at birth increased by 16.1 years to 70. 5 years. Notable progress in human development has taken place in Nepal. However, across gender, region and local groups, large disparities persist.
本文试图在尼泊尔的竞赛中突出人类发展的状况。这一主题是作为性别、种姓/种族、区域农村和城市差异等一般问题的一部分提出的。这项研究是基于描述性和分析性的性质。本研究中的信息来源是次要性质的，如已发表和未发表的研究论文，人类发展年度报告以及国家和国际期刊文章。数据以表格形式呈现，并以描述形式进行分析。第一份《人类发展报告》于1990年由巴基斯坦经济学家马哈布·哈克(Mahbub ul Haq)和印度诺贝尔经济学奖得主阿马蒂亚·森(Amartya sen)发布，此后发布了许多年的报告，并通过人类发展方法探讨了不同的主题，该方法将人置于发展过程的中心。自1990年以来，联合国开发计划署(开发计划署)出版了一系列年度《人类发展报告》，其中计算了每个国家的人类发展指数。尼泊尔自1998年以来一直在出版《尼泊尔人类发展报告》，考虑到该国的需要，重点发生了变化。1990年至2018年期间，尼泊尔人类发展指数从0.380上升到0.579，增长了52.6%，出生时预期寿命增加了16.1岁，达到70岁。5年。尼泊尔在人类发展方面取得了显著进展。然而，在性别、地区和地方群体之间，巨大的差异仍然存在。
{"title":"Human Development in the Context of Nepal","authors":"Tulasa Devi Dulal","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43548","url":null,"abstract":"This article tries to highlight the condition of human development in the contest of Nepal. The topic is framed as part of the general issue of gender, caste/ethnicity, regional rural and urban disparities. This study is based on descriptive as well as analytical in nature. Sources of information in this study are secondary nature like published and unpublished research papers, human development annual reports and national and international journal articles. Data are presented in to tabular form and they are analyzed in to descriptive form. The first Human Development Report was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen. Since then reports have been released most years, and have explored different themes through the human development approach, which places people at the center of the development process. Since 1990, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has published a series of annual Human Development Reports (HDRs) in which the human development index (HDI) is computed for each country. Nepal has been publishing the Nepal Human Development Report since 1998, with the focus shifting considering the needs of the country. In the 1990-2018 period, Nepal’s human development index score rose from 0.380to 0.579, an increase of 52.6 percent and life expectancy at birth increased by 16.1 years to 70. 5 years. Notable progress in human development has taken place in Nepal. However, across gender, region and local groups, large disparities persist.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82810424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study tries to examine how the demographic changes has been occurred within the sub regions of the country by using selected indicators based on the existing data sheet of census 2011 and found Nepal has experienced very rapid demographic changes over the last three decades. The size and the density of the population have increased although the annual growth rate has been declined during a decade. As indicated by sex ratios there are more females than males in total population. The large volume of population are living in urban area (63%) and in province 3(21%) and small volume in province 6 (5.9%) though it is large state by an area. Since 1980 Nepal has seen significant declines in its total fertility rate and crude birth rate, crude death rate and infant mortality rate, alongside significant improvements taken place in life expectancy. This has resulted in noticeable changes in the age structure of the population in the country, the share in the population of children is shrinking against growing numbers and proportions older population aged 60 and above with large proportion of young working age population throughout the nation. This phase is also commonly known as the phase of youth bulge; demographic dividend’s or the window of opportunity and due to a higher percentage of young aged population, population momentum has been persistent. The window began in 1992 and projected to be up to 55 years. So it is the period for Nepal to utilize its young population in development.
{"title":"Demographic Changes in Nepal","authors":"Kamal Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43476","url":null,"abstract":"The study tries to examine how the demographic changes has been occurred within the sub regions of the country by using selected indicators based on the existing data sheet of census 2011 and found Nepal has experienced very rapid demographic changes over the last three decades. The size and the density of the population have increased although the annual growth rate has been declined during a decade. As indicated by sex ratios there are more females than males in total population. The large volume of population are living in urban area (63%) and in province 3(21%) and small volume in province 6 (5.9%) though it is large state by an area. Since 1980 Nepal has seen significant declines in its total fertility rate and crude birth rate, crude death rate and infant mortality rate, alongside significant improvements taken place in life expectancy. This has resulted in noticeable changes in the age structure of the population in the country, the share in the population of children is shrinking against growing numbers and proportions older population aged 60 and above with large proportion of young working age population throughout the nation. This phase is also commonly known as the phase of youth bulge; demographic dividend’s or the window of opportunity and due to a higher percentage of young aged population, population momentum has been persistent. The window began in 1992 and projected to be up to 55 years. So it is the period for Nepal to utilize its young population in development.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82084831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to analyze the determinants of maternal health care utilization in Nepal. Maternal health still remains a public health problem in Nepal though it has been improving in the last decade since the number of women seeking antenatal care and opting for institutional delivery has increased. This study is based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data of 2016. The sample size consists of 3998 married women aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey. Bivariate analysis is used to examine the association between adequate ANC visits and institutional delivery. A strong association is observed between women’s higher level of education and women involved in non-agricultural occupation with receipt of antenatal care and choosing of institutional delivery. The study findings conclude that there is a significant gap among different sub-groups of women in Nepal in the utilization maternal health care based on factors like women’s age, place of residence, level of education, occupation and wealth status. In order to address the existing gap and variation in ANC service utilization, particular attention should be given to women from less education, poor wealth quintile, living in rural areas, utilization of services among older age group. The results of this study put forward the need for efforts from government bodies and agencies in implementation of appropriate policies and programs to bring an improvement in the use of maternal health care services in Nepal.
{"title":"Determinants of Maternal Health Care Utilization in Nepal","authors":"R. Karki","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43545","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the determinants of maternal health care utilization in Nepal. Maternal health still remains a public health problem in Nepal though it has been improving in the last decade since the number of women seeking antenatal care and opting for institutional delivery has increased. This study is based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data of 2016. The sample size consists of 3998 married women aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey. Bivariate analysis is used to examine the association between adequate ANC visits and institutional delivery. A strong association is observed between women’s higher level of education and women involved in non-agricultural occupation with receipt of antenatal care and choosing of institutional delivery. The study findings conclude that there is a significant gap among different sub-groups of women in Nepal in the utilization maternal health care based on factors like women’s age, place of residence, level of education, occupation and wealth status. In order to address the existing gap and variation in ANC service utilization, particular attention should be given to women from less education, poor wealth quintile, living in rural areas, utilization of services among older age group. The results of this study put forward the need for efforts from government bodies and agencies in implementation of appropriate policies and programs to bring an improvement in the use of maternal health care services in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74070870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on practice of the gender inclusion in local government based in Lalitpur and Jhapa districts of some local level. It is find out practices of gender inclusion police of local level and to explore the practices on the different development paradigm. This article used indifferent type’s of methods and data collection procedure. Basically, information needs to answer the research queries are collected from primary and secondary sources of information. The construction questionnaire for information is collected through the literature review and several qualitative and quantitative approaches. At last SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science is used to compute the data. Among the total respondents, 35.3 percent are participation for plans formulation related to income generation progarammes, 31.4 percent plans are related to empowerment and leadership programmes, 21 percent plans are related to gender awareness and violence and only 2 percent plans are related to save cyber-crime. More than 6 percent respondents said that only ward representatives are involved in planning of program activities, 31.4 percent respondents said that only municipality authorities and ward representatives are involved and 59.3 percent respondents said that the local government representatives and all social activist are involved in planning of different program activities. Empirical evidence shows that gender inequality, including from legal gender-related restrictions, leads to the loss of growth opportunities, particularly in countries at earlier stages of development. The adverse effect of legal barriers to women’s participation in economic activities remains significant for countries at different stages of development.
本文以拉利特普尔区和贾帕区为例，重点介绍了地方政府性别包容的实践。找出地方层面的性别包容警察实践，并探讨不同发展模式下的实践。本文采用了不同类型的方法和数据收集程序。基本上，需要回答研究查询的信息是从主要和次要信息来源收集的。通过文献综述和多种定性和定量方法收集信息的构建问卷。最后使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)软件对数据进行计算。在所有受访者中，35.3%的人参与了与创收项目相关的计划制定，31.4%的人参与了与赋权和领导力项目相关的计划，21%的人参与了与性别意识和暴力相关的计划，只有2%的人参与了与打击网络犯罪相关的计划。超过6%的应答者回答说，只有区代表参与计划活动，31.4%的应答者回答说，只有市政当局和区代表参与，59.3%的应答者回答说，地方政府代表和所有社会活动家参与计划不同的计划活动。经验证据表明，性别不平等，包括与性别有关的法律限制，导致增长机会的丧失，特别是在处于发展早期阶段的国家。对处于不同发展阶段的国家来说，法律障碍对妇女参与经济活动的不利影响仍然很大。
{"title":"Implementing Programme Related to Gender Inclusion on Local Government in Nepal","authors":"D. Sijapati","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43465","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on practice of the gender inclusion in local government based in Lalitpur and Jhapa districts of some local level. It is find out practices of gender inclusion police of local level and to explore the practices on the different development paradigm. This article used indifferent type’s of methods and data collection procedure. Basically, information needs to answer the research queries are collected from primary and secondary sources of information. The construction questionnaire for information is collected through the literature review and several qualitative and quantitative approaches. At last SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science is used to compute the data. Among the total respondents, 35.3 percent are participation for plans formulation related to income generation progarammes, 31.4 percent plans are related to empowerment and leadership programmes, 21 percent plans are related to gender awareness and violence and only 2 percent plans are related to save cyber-crime. More than 6 percent respondents said that only ward representatives are involved in planning of program activities, 31.4 percent respondents said that only municipality authorities and ward representatives are involved and 59.3 percent respondents said that the local government representatives and all social activist are involved in planning of different program activities. Empirical evidence shows that gender inequality, including from legal gender-related restrictions, leads to the loss of growth opportunities, particularly in countries at earlier stages of development. The adverse effect of legal barriers to women’s participation in economic activities remains significant for countries at different stages of development.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85593534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper attempts to highlight the existing situation of labor migration and its impacts on social progress, and to analyze how migration and social development are interrelated in Nepal. In recent years, the number of overseas migrants has significantly increased in Nepal because of diversified roles of the migrants as employees, students, businesspersons and tourists. One sad aspect to these roles of the Nepalese foreign labor migrants abroad is that they leave their homeland country because of lack of job opportunity, poverty, insecurity, and lack of proper infrastructures, low salary and income, lack of market for agriculture produce and high cost of agriculture production. The paper has been prepared with the help of secondary data. Around 59, 55,051 labor migrants legally migrated to 136 different countries of the world in 2019 from Nepal. In Nepal, remittance occupies almost one-fourth of the total GDP of our country. However, the inflow of abroad migration has slightly decreased from fiscal year 2019 because of COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, though the remittance inflow into Nepal is practically stable. However, the contribution of the inflow of remittance to the overall national development has been often debated. The remittance sent to Nepal by foreign migrants have played an vital role not only for earning foreign exchange but also for education, health, sanitation, poverty alleviation, production of goods and services, and social development. Labour migration and social development of Nepal are not only interrelated, but the one also influences the other in a positive way.
{"title":"Labor Migration and Social Development in Nepal","authors":"G. Aryal","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43471","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to highlight the existing situation of labor migration and its impacts on social progress, and to analyze how migration and social development are interrelated in Nepal. In recent years, the number of overseas migrants has significantly increased in Nepal because of diversified roles of the migrants as employees, students, businesspersons and tourists. One sad aspect to these roles of the Nepalese foreign labor migrants abroad is that they leave their homeland country because of lack of job opportunity, poverty, insecurity, and lack of proper infrastructures, low salary and income, lack of market for agriculture produce and high cost of agriculture production. The paper has been prepared with the help of secondary data. Around 59, 55,051 labor migrants legally migrated to 136 different countries of the world in 2019 from Nepal. In Nepal, remittance occupies almost one-fourth of the total GDP of our country. However, the inflow of abroad migration has slightly decreased from fiscal year 2019 because of COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, though the remittance inflow into Nepal is practically stable. However, the contribution of the inflow of remittance to the overall national development has been often debated. The remittance sent to Nepal by foreign migrants have played an vital role not only for earning foreign exchange but also for education, health, sanitation, poverty alleviation, production of goods and services, and social development. Labour migration and social development of Nepal are not only interrelated, but the one also influences the other in a positive way.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89969829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing acceptance level of virtual classroom technology has become important at the Tribhuvan University after Covid-19 pandemic. This article has investigated the acceptance level of virtual classroom from teachers and students involved in BIT course delivery and previous experiences of virtual classroom from various research articles. The assessment framework is based on the setting of virtual classroom at Patan Multiple Campus (PMC) immediately after the COVID-19pandemic lockdown using “Office 365 A1 education free version of MS Teams” in pmc.edu.np domain and Moodle-Open-source learning platform. The BIT courses were delivered through virtual classrooms, which were accessed by both students and teachers. The conclusion of the study is that the use of virtual classroom as an alternative mode of course delivery is accepted by teachers and students, but with different levels of acceptance. The study focuses on students and teachers involved in one particular BIT classes and it needs to further research in other course domain and in larger scale. This paper provides information that will be the interest of Tribhuvan University in implementing virtual classroom as an alternate mode of course delivery.
{"title":"Perception of Virtual Class during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Tribhuvan University","authors":"Deo Narayan Yadav","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43409","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing acceptance level of virtual classroom technology has become important at the Tribhuvan University after Covid-19 pandemic. This article has investigated the acceptance level of virtual classroom from teachers and students involved in BIT course delivery and previous experiences of virtual classroom from various research articles. The assessment framework is based on the setting of virtual classroom at Patan Multiple Campus (PMC) immediately after the COVID-19pandemic lockdown using “Office 365 A1 education free version of MS Teams” in pmc.edu.np domain and Moodle-Open-source learning platform. The BIT courses were delivered through virtual classrooms, which were accessed by both students and teachers. The conclusion of the study is that the use of virtual classroom as an alternative mode of course delivery is accepted by teachers and students, but with different levels of acceptance. The study focuses on students and teachers involved in one particular BIT classes and it needs to further research in other course domain and in larger scale. This paper provides information that will be the interest of Tribhuvan University in implementing virtual classroom as an alternate mode of course delivery.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85965437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims at assessing the process and practice of local development planning in Nepal under federal system, with the bid of analyzing the local government operation act, 2074 and local level plan formulation direction, 2075. Using the primary and secondary sources of data, the study embarks on the local development planning process under federal system of Nepal while employing a descriptive research design. Nepal has not experienced long empirical experiences on local development planning exercised under federal democratic republic and it is a totally new practice. The study argues that the local government operation Act, enacted in 2074, conceived the decentralized planning process starting from the settlement level moving up through the local government to the national level and under this all local bodies are required to prepare short, medium and long term, periodic and strategic plans. It concludes that the long term vision of 15th plan of Nepal with "Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali" is the foundation for upgrading high income countries by transforming Nepal into socialist oriented public welfare with a rich economy social justice and peaceful living considering local development plan as yardstick and pivot for national long term vision.
{"title":"Local Development Planning Process: A Policy-Level Analysis in Nepal","authors":"Bhaba Datta Sapkota, I. Malakar","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43474","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at assessing the process and practice of local development planning in Nepal under federal system, with the bid of analyzing the local government operation act, 2074 and local level plan formulation direction, 2075. Using the primary and secondary sources of data, the study embarks on the local development planning process under federal system of Nepal while employing a descriptive research design. Nepal has not experienced long empirical experiences on local development planning exercised under federal democratic republic and it is a totally new practice. The study argues that the local government operation Act, enacted in 2074, conceived the decentralized planning process starting from the settlement level moving up through the local government to the national level and under this all local bodies are required to prepare short, medium and long term, periodic and strategic plans. It concludes that the long term vision of 15th plan of Nepal with \"Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali\" is the foundation for upgrading high income countries by transforming Nepal into socialist oriented public welfare with a rich economy social justice and peaceful living considering local development plan as yardstick and pivot for national long term vision.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76607222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spousal violence is a major public health phenomenon. It is a hidden issue in Nepal especially in rural areas. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of spousal violence in rural Nepal. For this study, the data has been imported from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016. This study is confined in 1510 married women from rural Nepal. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression has been applied to examine the association between variables. Study found that more than half of the respondents were 25 to 34 years aged and the overwhelming majority were (87%) Hindu. Study showed that half of the respondents had no education while 19 percent of respondents’ husbands had no education. More than a fifth (24%), more than a tenth (13%) and about a tenth (8%) had ever experienced physical, emotional and sexual violence respectively. Four in one (28%) women experienced at least one form of violence while 3 percent experienced all three forms of violence. Education of women, education of husbands and consumption of alcohol were highly associated with spousal violence. Women who had no education were 1.7 times more likely to experience violence than higher education. Likewise, other variables for example, age at first marriage, husbands’ education, consumption of alcohol and own financial account were also associating factors of spousal violence in rural Nepal. So that, attention should stand towards rural Nepal’s education for both men and women, excessive consumption of alcohol, upgrade the level of empowerment of women to mitigate intimate partner violence.
{"title":"Spousal Violence in Rural Nepal: Prevalence and Risk Factors","authors":"Manusha Paudel","doi":"10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v2i1.43484","url":null,"abstract":"Spousal violence is a major public health phenomenon. It is a hidden issue in Nepal especially in rural areas. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of spousal violence in rural Nepal. For this study, the data has been imported from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016. This study is confined in 1510 married women from rural Nepal. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression has been applied to examine the association between variables. Study found that more than half of the respondents were 25 to 34 years aged and the overwhelming majority were (87%) Hindu. Study showed that half of the respondents had no education while 19 percent of respondents’ husbands had no education. More than a fifth (24%), more than a tenth (13%) and about a tenth (8%) had ever experienced physical, emotional and sexual violence respectively. Four in one (28%) women experienced at least one form of violence while 3 percent experienced all three forms of violence. Education of women, education of husbands and consumption of alcohol were highly associated with spousal violence. Women who had no education were 1.7 times more likely to experience violence than higher education. Likewise, other variables for example, age at first marriage, husbands’ education, consumption of alcohol and own financial account were also associating factors of spousal violence in rural Nepal. So that, attention should stand towards rural Nepal’s education for both men and women, excessive consumption of alcohol, upgrade the level of empowerment of women to mitigate intimate partner violence.","PeriodicalId":83773,"journal":{"name":"Korea journal of population and development","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87897403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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