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The choice of ice conditions for ice model tests to support the industrial development of the Оb’ Вay 选择冰的条件进行冰模型试验,以支持工业发展的Оb ' Вay
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-02 DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-1-91-105
A. Dobrodeev, K. Sazonov
The Ob’ Bay has long been the main center for the development of the Russian oil industry in the Arctic region. The rapid growth of shipping and the active creation of port infrastructure in this area are an integral part of the strategy for the development of the Russian Arctic. The main feature of the hydrometeorological regime of the Ob’ Bay is the annual presence of ice for a long time. Determining the ice performance of icebreakers, tugboats and heavy-tonnage vessels designed for the region, as well as ice loads on marine platforms and hydraulic structures, is a most important task in the creation thereof.The paper describes research carried out in the ice model tank of the Krylov State Research Centre over the past twenty years. The research supports the design and operation of new technical facilities intended for the industrial development of the Ob’ Bay. In the completed study, two main areas of research can be distinguished, namely the interaction of ships and engineering structures with ice formations in the Ob’ Bay. The paper emphasizes a significant dependence of the possibility of conducting ice tests and proper analysis of findings on the quality of the initial data, primarily hydrology and ice parameters.The results of ice model tests analysis, especially the ice impact on offshore and hydraulic structures for the Ob’ Bay, show the need to change approaches to determining theoretical ice loads and, as a result, to expand ice model testing programs. The simulation of the worst-case scenario, when all ice parameters are determined for a given probability and are not consistent with each other, leads to a significant overestimation of ice loads and the physical modeling of unrealistic combinations of ice conditions.Each ice impact scenario should contain the maximum value of only one main ice parameter corresponding to the probability. The main ice parameters include the thickness, the flexural strength or compression strength and the speed of ice drift. In this case, ice parameters should be selected in accordance with the chosen main one in the modeling scenario. It should not be the result of the same maximum value calculation for the given observation period as for the main ice parameter.
长期以来,俄比湾一直是俄罗斯在北极地区发展石油工业的主要中心。该地区航运的快速增长和港口基础设施的积极建设是俄罗斯北极发展战略的组成部分。鄂毕湾水文气象条件的主要特征是常年冰的存在。确定为该地区设计的破冰船、拖船和大吨位船舶的冰性能,以及海洋平台和水工建筑物的冰负荷,是创建该地区的最重要任务。本文描述了过去二十年来在克雷洛夫国家研究中心的冰模型槽中进行的研究。这项研究为旨在促进Ob ' Bay工业发展的新技术设施的设计和运行提供了支持。在完成的研究中,可以区分出两个主要的研究领域,即Ob ' Bay中船舶和工程结构与冰层的相互作用。该文件强调,进行冰试验的可能性和对结果的适当分析在很大程度上取决于初始数据,主要是水文和冰参数的质量。冰模型测试分析的结果,特别是冰对Ob ' Bay海上和水工结构的影响,表明有必要改变确定理论冰荷载的方法,从而扩大冰模型测试项目。在最坏情况下,当所有冰的参数都以给定的概率确定并且彼此不一致时,对最坏情况的模拟会导致对冰荷载的严重高估和对不现实的冰况组合的物理建模。每个冰撞击场景应该只包含一个与概率相对应的主要冰参数的最大值。冰的主要参数包括冰的厚度、抗折强度或抗压强度和冰的漂移速度。在这种情况下,应根据建模场景中选择的主冰参数来选择冰参数。它不应该是给定观测周期内与主要冰参数相同的最大值计算结果。
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引用次数: 0
Peculiarities of joint influence of navigation intensification and climate change on fast ice distribution in the Ob’ Bay 航行强化与气候变化共同影响Ob’Bay快冰分布的特点
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-1-58-71
R. A. Vinogradov, O. M. Andreev, O. Morozova, D. Drabenko, V. Drabenko
All year–round navigation in the Ob’Bay has been operating for more than ten years. In recent years it has been performed most actively at three points: the port terminals Sabetta and «Utrenniy» (on the opposite coasts in the northern part of the bay) and the oil loading terminal «Vorota Arktiki» (in the southern part of the bay, off cape Kamenny). Regular winter navigation to Sabetta began in 2013 and to cape Kamenny in 2015. In recent years, the number of vessels in November–May has already risen to about 380 per season. The winter navigation in the fast ice is performed along ice channels, which should impact on the fast ice stability. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of navigation on the fast ice distribution in the Ob’Bay in terms of climate changes. To analyze navigation impact on the fast ice distribution in the Ob’Bay, data on air temperature, ice conditions and number of vessels in the winter period were used in the work. The sum of the freezing degree days (FDD) was chosen as a parameter of winter conditions severity. The mean location of the south boundary of the flaw polynya per season was a parameter of the fast ice stability. Such an approach reduced the influence of short–term fluctuations of temperature and ice conditions. The data analysis carried out over the last 25 years has confirmed a significant influence of navigation on the fast ice distribution. It has been found that for the range from mean to mild winter conditions (an estimate using FDD), the dislocation of the flaw polynya boundary in the south direction amounted to 0.4–0.8 degrees of latitude (25–50 miles) because of winter navigation intensification. Winter conditions more severe than mean have not been recorded in the region over recent years. Therefore, such estimates were not obtained for them. The discovered changes of ice conditions are significant for the region. The transfer from fast ice to drifting ice of different types, forms and concentration will lead to the corresponding restructuring of other natural processes (water dynamics, litho-dynamic regime, etc). Subsequently the impact of hydrometeorological factors on engineering facilities can change, affecting the navigation conditions, scenarios of loading on the hydraulic structures, absolute loading values, etc. This is a factor to consider in the economic development of the region.
Ob’bay的全年通航已经运行了十多年。近年来,它在三个地点进行得最为活跃:港口码头Sabetta和«Utrenniy»(在海湾北部的相对海岸)和«Vorota Arktiki»(在海湾南部的卡门尼角外)。2013年开始定期冬季航行到萨贝塔,2015年开始航行到卡门尼角。近年来,每年11月至5月的船只数量已经上升到380艘左右。快冰冬季航行是沿冰道进行的,这对快冰的稳定性有一定的影响。本研究的目的是从气候变化的角度来确定航行对Ob 'Bay速冻冰分布的影响。为了分析Ob’bay快冰分布对航行的影响,本研究使用了冬季的气温、冰况和船舶数量等数据。选取冻结日数(FDD)的总和作为冬季条件严重程度的参数。裂谷南边界每季节的平均位置是快速冰稳定性的一个参数。这种方法减少了温度和冰况短期波动的影响。过去25年进行的数据分析证实了航行对快冰分布的重大影响。研究发现,在平均至温和冬季条件范围内(利用FDD估计),由于冬季航行增强,南向的缺陷多冰湖边界的错位达到0.4-0.8度纬度(25-50英里)。近年来,该地区从未出现过比平均水平更恶劣的冬季天气。因此,没有对它们进行这样的估计。发现的冰况变化对该地区具有重要意义。从快冰到不同类型、形式和浓度的漂流冰的转变将导致其他自然过程(水动力学、岩石动力学等)的相应重组。随后,水文气象因素对工程设施的影响会发生变化,影响通航条件、水工构筑物加载情景、绝对加载值等。这是该地区经济发展中需要考虑的一个因素。
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引用次数: 0
Possibilities of investigating ice development of the Kara sea based on CryoSat-2 and SMOS data 基于CryoSat-2和SMOS数据调查喀拉海冰发育的可能性
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-1-10-28
V. Kirillov, O. Lovtskaya, O. S. Devyataev, E. V. Afanasyeva, A. Sinitsky, L. Khvorova, D. S. Fokin, A. Semchukov, M. Koveshnikov, N. M. Kovalevskaya
Sea ice age is a proxy for thickness, which can be obtained through the use of satellite data. The paper presents the results of comparison of CryoSat-2, SMOS and CryoSat-2 & SMOS fusion data with detailed ice charts (October–April, 2010–2018). The AARI ice charts were chosen as references for comparison because they integrate knowledge and data from various sources, including expert analysis of operational satellite information, in-situ measurements at coastal stations, data on ice conditions from ships of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The division of satellite data elements into classes (stages of development) was performed according to the maximum likelihood classifier. The recognition result for each stage of development was evaluated by means of three criteria, in accordance with the class value of Mode, Median and Mean. The effectiveness of satellite data in determining the Kara Sea ice thickness varies depending on the sea ice stage of development and winter season time. Four stages of development (old ice, thick first-year ice, medium first-year ice, nilas) showed the best recognition results. Although the CryoSat-2 mission was designed primarily to detect climate-dependent variations of the thickness of floating ice, in terms of statistical recognition of the Kara Sea ice stages of development, CryoSat-2 data can also be used to retrieve the thickness of thick first-year ice (January–April) and the thickness of medium first-year ice (January–February). For the remaining stages within the study area, the altimetry method shows a significant uncertainty, which can be resolved for nilas, thin first-year ice and medium first-year ice (March) by using SMOS data and CryoSat-2 & SMOS fusion data. In general, altimetric data, radiometric data and combination thereof can be applied in the complex analysis of all available information to ensure hydrometeorological and navigation support. Also, it is proposed to use the data of the ICESat-2 laser altimeter and to make a general comparison with in-situ measurements.
海冰年龄是厚度的代表,可以通过使用卫星数据获得。本文介绍了2010-2018年10 - 4月CryoSat-2、SMOS以及CryoSat-2和SMOS融合数据与详细冰图的对比结果。之所以选择AARI的冰图作为比较参考,是因为它们整合了各种来源的知识和数据,包括对运行卫星信息的专家分析、沿海站的现场测量、北海航线(NSR)船舶的冰情数据。根据最大似然分类器对卫星数据元素进行分类(发展阶段)。根据Mode、Median和Mean的类值,采用三个标准对每个发展阶段的识别结果进行评价。卫星资料测定喀拉海冰厚度的有效性取决于海冰发育阶段和冬季时间。4个发育阶段(老冰、厚冰、中冰、新冰)的识别效果最好。虽然CryoSat-2任务的主要目的是探测浮冰厚度的气候相关变化,但就喀拉海冰发展阶段的统计识别而言,CryoSat-2数据也可用于检索厚冰层(1 - 4月)和中等冰层(1 -2月)的厚度。对于研究区域内的剩余阶段,测高方法存在较大的不确定性,可通过使用SMOS数据和CryoSat-2 & SMOS融合数据解决nilas、薄一年级冰和中一年级冰(3月)的不确定性。一般来说,高程数据、辐射数据及其组合可用于对所有可用信息的复杂分析,以确保水文气象和导航支持。此外,还提出了利用ICESat-2激光测高仪的数据,并与原位测量结果进行一般性比较。
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引用次数: 0
Approach to solving the problem of sea level forecasting off Cape Kamenny in the Ob’ Bay 解决鄂比湾卡门尼角海平面预报问题的方法
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-1-29-43
G. N. Voinov, N. Golovin, N. Kubyshkin, M. Kulakov, A. A. Skutin, K. Smirnov, O. Khaimina
The problem of short-term sea level forecasting in the area of Сape Kamenny in the Ob’ Bay has become important since the Novoportovsky terminal (known as “Arctic Gate”) began operating for year-round oil shipment. The tankers loading the oil from the terminal have to pass through relatively shallow waters, located to the north, limiting the vessels draft. Thereby a short-term water level forecast is required relative to the lowest theoretical level for tankers loading at the terminal. The year-round hourly observations using buoy level gauges with a satellite channel of data transmission are organized for quick level monitoring directly in the area of Cape Kamenny. The results of the harmonic analysis of water level observations in the area of Cape Kamenny for 2016–2021 showed significant seasonal variability of amplitudes and phases of the wave М2 in the annual cycle, as well as their interannual variability due to various ice conditions of the Ob’ Bay (light, medium, heavy). Based on these results, the processing and analysis of observations data over the last month are performed by the end of each month. According to these results, the current values of harmonic constants, dependent on actual ice conditions are specified and calculation of the tide is carried out for the next month. The calculation of the forecast values of the total level is composed of calculated tide and short term (with a lead time of up to 5 days) forecast of non-periodic level fluctuations using the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of joint water and ice circulation AARI-IOCM. At the final stage of the forecast preparation, the predicted level, usually calculated relative to the conditional long term average annual value, is bound to the lowest theoretical level (according to the current values of the level gauge) and transferred to the operator of the terminal and to the tanker. The hourly observations of water level in the area of Cape Kamenny and level forecasting have been carried out since 2017 and are still continuing.
自从Novoportovsky码头(被称为“北极门”)开始运营全年石油运输以来,Ob ' Bay Сape Kamenny地区的短期海平面预测问题变得非常重要。从码头装载石油的油轮必须通过位于北部的相对较浅的水域,这限制了船只的吃水。因此,需要对码头油轮装载的最低理论水位进行短期水位预报。利用浮标水位计和卫星数据传输通道进行全年每小时的观测,以便在卡门尼角地区直接进行快速的水位计监测。2016-2021年Kamenny角地区水位观测的调和分析结果显示,在年周期中,波浪М2的振幅和相位具有显著的季节变化,并且由于Ob ' Bay的各种冰况(轻、中、重),它们的年际变化也很明显。在这些结果的基础上,每月月底对过去一个月的观测数据进行处理和分析。根据这些结果,确定了与实际冰况有关的谐波常数的电流值,并对下个月的潮汐进行了计算。总水位预测值的计算由计算潮汐和利用水冰联合循环三维水动力模型(AARI-IOCM)对非周期性水位波动的短期(提前期5天)预报组成。在预报准备的最后阶段,通常相对于有条件的长期平均值计算的预测水位被绑定到最低的理论水位(根据液位计的当前值),并传递给码头的操作员和油轮。卡门尼角地区每小时的水位观测和水位预报自2017年以来一直在进行,目前仍在继续。
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引用次数: 0
Estimates of certain physical and mechanical characteristics of ice in the Ob’ Bay 对Ob ' Bay冰的某些物理和机械特性的估计
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-1-44-57
O. M. Andreev, N. Golovin, N. Krupina, N. Kubyshkin, A. A. Skutin, A. Chernov
The ice cover of the Gulf of Ob is formed in an extended zone, where the sea and fresh waters are mixed. This study aims to evaluate certain physical and mechanical characteristics of such ice. It examines data on a complex of physical and mechanical fast ice characteristics in the Ob’ Bay, obtained in the course of field studies over the last 30 years. The total amount of data available to the team of authors exceeds 200 cores, sampled in the Ob’ Bay (from Novy Port to the boundary between the Bay and the Kara Sea) in different years and in different months of the ice season.Processed data on ice temperature are presented, as well as information on the evolution of integral ice temperature during ice season. The change of integral ice salinity in the Ob’ Bay with geographic latitude is identified and shown, and the function approximating this change is given.The estimates of average density and porosity of ice by thickness are presented. The effect of mineral inclusions on the increase in ice density is considered.An analysis was carried out of the correspondence between the field data on fresh and saline ice sample strength in uniaxial compression (with the load application parallel to the ice cover surface) with theoretical strength estimates from Russian and foreign scientific and methodological literature, based on the data obtained on physical and mechanical ice characteristics in the Ob’ Bay. A generalized estimate of the saline ice strength limit in the Ob’ Bay, obtained in uniaxial compression parallel to the surface of ice accumulation is given, as well as its approximation by lognormal distribution.The results obtained in the analysis of the strength characteristics of ice in the Gulf of Ob can be used for practical purposes. The results may also prove useful in terms of contribution to theoretical knowledge on the experimental mechanics of ice in desalinated water bodies.
鄂毕湾的冰盖是在海水和淡水混合的地方形成的。本研究旨在评估这种冰的某些物理和力学特性。它审查了在过去30年的实地研究过程中获得的Ob ' Bay的一个复杂的物理和机械快冰特征的数据。作者团队可获得的数据总量超过200个核心,在Ob ' Bay(从Novy Port到海湾与喀拉海之间的边界)在不同年份和不同月份的冰季中取样。给出了处理后的冰温数据,以及冰季整体冰温的演变信息。识别并显示了鄂贝湾整体冰盐度随地理纬度的变化,并给出了近似这种变化的函数。给出了按厚度估算冰的平均密度和孔隙率。考虑了矿物包裹体对冰密度增加的影响。基于获得的Ob ' Bay冰的物理和机械特性数据,分析了单轴压缩(与冰盖表面平行施加载荷)下新鲜冰和盐水冰样品强度的现场数据与俄罗斯和国外科学和方法学文献的理论强度估计之间的对应关系。本文给出了平行于冰堆积表面的单轴压缩条件下Ob ' Bay盐冰强度极限的广义估计,并给出了对数正态分布的近似估计。本文对鄂湾冰的强度特性进行了分析,所得结果具有一定的实用价值。这些结果也可能证明对淡化水体中冰的实验力学的理论知识的贡献是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Inventory and kinematics of active and transitional rock glaciers in the Southern Alps of New Zealand from Sentinel-1 InSAR 来自Sentinel-1 InSAR的新西兰南阿尔卑斯山脉活动和过渡岩石冰川的清单和运动学
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2023.2183999
C. Lambiel, T. Strozzi, Nicolas Paillex, S. Vivero, N. Jones
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引用次数: 1
Permafrost and seasonal frost thermal dynamics over fifty years on tropical Maunakea volcano, Hawai‘i 夏威夷热带毛纳卡火山50年来的永久冻土和季节性霜冻热动力学
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2023.2186485
K. Yoshikawa, N. Schorghofer, F. Klasner
{"title":"Permafrost and seasonal frost thermal dynamics over fifty years on tropical Maunakea volcano, Hawai‘i","authors":"K. Yoshikawa, N. Schorghofer, F. Klasner","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2023.2186485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2023.2186485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49573528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal niche overlap, asymmetric reproductive interference, and population genetics between the sympatric species, Rhododendron diversipilosum and Rhododendron subarcticum, in alpine fellfield habitat 高寒林区同域种异花杜鹃和亚北极杜鹃时空生态位重叠、不对称生殖干扰及种群遗传
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2023.2188716
Yu Shiotani, G. Kudo
{"title":"Spatiotemporal niche overlap, asymmetric reproductive interference, and population genetics between the sympatric species, Rhododendron diversipilosum and Rhododendron subarcticum, in alpine fellfield habitat","authors":"Yu Shiotani, G. Kudo","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2023.2188716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2023.2188716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45846898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glacier-specific factors drive differing seasonal and interannual dynamics of Nunatakassaap Sermia and Illullip Sermia, Greenland 冰川特异性因素驱动格陵兰Nunatakassaap Sermia和Illullip Sermia不同的季节和年际动力学
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2023.2186456
J. R. Carr, E. Carr, N. Ross
{"title":"Glacier-specific factors drive differing seasonal and interannual dynamics of Nunatakassaap Sermia and Illullip Sermia, Greenland","authors":"J. R. Carr, E. Carr, N. Ross","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2023.2186456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2023.2186456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating ten years of warming and enhanced snow depth on nutrient availability and greenhouse gas fluxes in a High Arctic ecosystem 研究北极高纬度生态系统中10年来变暖和雪深增加对养分有效性和温室气体通量的影响
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1080/15230430.2023.2178428
J. Hung, N. Scott, P. Treitz
{"title":"Investigating ten years of warming and enhanced snow depth on nutrient availability and greenhouse gas fluxes in a High Arctic ecosystem","authors":"J. Hung, N. Scott, P. Treitz","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2023.2178428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2023.2178428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8391,"journal":{"name":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46582778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
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