Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia最新文献

This article systematically reviewed 327 documents in the core collection of the Web of Science database regarding ChatGPT applications in the writing domain. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the latest progress and potential applications. ChatGPT demonstrates significant potential in overcoming writing anxiety, improving writing efficiency, generating initial scientific papers, and assisting researchers and students in giving feedback. However, it still faces significant challenges in data accuracy and the ethics of generated content, including inaccurate or outdated information, plagiarism risks, gender or race biases, etc. Authorship verification is particularly important for academic writing and publishing as it relates to objectivity, accuracy, and fairness. Future studies need to explore how to address these challenges through improvements at the technical and policy levels, ensuring that ChatGPT promotes the sustainable development and application of academic writing while adhering to ethical standards.

Purpose: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the retinopathy of prematurity score (ROPScore) and weight, insulin-like growth factor-1, retinopathy of prematurity algorithm in predicting the risk of developing severe retinopathy of prematurity (prethreshold type 1) in a sample of preterm infants in Brazil.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of preterm infants (n=288) with birth weight of ≤1500 g and/or gestational age of 23-32 weeks in a neonatal unit in Southern Brazil from May 2013 to December 2020 (92 months).

Results: The incidence of confirmed severe retinopathy of prematurity was 6.6%. ROPScore showed a 100% sensitivity, 44.6% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.7-50.6), 11.3% positive predictive value (95% CI 6.5-16.1), and 100% negative predictive value in predicting severe retinopathy of prematurity. The weight, insulin-like growth factor-1, retinopathy of prematurity algorithm demonstrated a 78.9% sensitivity (95% CI 60.6-97.3), 51.3% specificity (95% CI 45.3-57.3), 10.3% positive predictive value (95% CI 5.3-15.2), and 97.2% negative predictive value (95% CI 94.5-99.9).

Conclusion: ROPScore identified all patients at risk for severe retinopathy of prematurity. These findings support incorporating ROPScore into Brazilian guidelines to optimize retinopathy of prematurity screening and reduce unnecessary ophthalmologic examinations. Weight, insulin-like growth factor-1, retinopathy of prematurity's suboptimal performance in this Brazilian sample highlights the need for country-specific algorithm adjustments.

Purpose: To evaluate if color Doppler can detect internal blood flow in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined seven eyes of seven participants with circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas, with or without prior treatment. B-scan ultrasound and color Doppler were used to assess the dimensions, topographical distribution, and internal blood flow of the affected eyes.

Results: The sample included seven patients (five female) with a median age of 61 (62.29 ± 13.83) years. There were seven eyes with circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas in the patient sample. Color Doppler detected internal vascular flow in all cases (100%). The lesions had an average diameter/thickness ratio of >2 mm and an average thickness of <5 mm and were predominantly located superiorly and supero-temporally.

Conclusion: Internal blood flow was detected in circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas using color Doppler. Detection was unaffected by the patient's treatment status.

Purpose: To evaluate the economic impact of the following initial treatment scenarios for glaucoma on the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS): (1) traditional continuous instillation of hypotensive eye drops and (2) single session of selective laser trabeculoplasty.

Methods: Economic impact was analyzed in three scenarios, from the least to the most conservative, for a hypothetical cohort of 5,000 individuals with open-angle glaucoma. Thereafter, projections were made on the basis of a glaucoma prevalence of 3% in the 2021 Brazilian population size.

Results: All three scenarios demonstrated that selective laser trabeculoplasty exhibited a significantly lower economic impact than the eye drops on SUS over one and five years. Furthermore, the difference was more than United States Dollar 8 billion at five years when considering 3% of the Brazilian population aged >40 years in 2021.

Conclusion: As the initial treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma, selective laser trabeculoplasty exhibited a lower economic impact on SUS than latanoprost and timolol maleate eye drop instillation in all the studied scenarios over one and five-year periods.

Purpose: This study aimed to modify scleral contact lenses to achieve a desired compression standard and to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the adjustments.

Methods: In this nonrandomized, noncomparative, and partially masked study Scleral contact lens fittings were analyzed in 20 eyes of 12 patients (50% women, 50% men) diagnosed with keratoconus. Participants were selected based on their need for scleral contact lenses (SCLs), which was determined in complete ophthalmological examinations. Patients were tested with Zenlens scleral contact lenses (Bausch & Lomb, Vaughan, Ontario, Canada). We evaluated compression in the lens support area after one hour of use, excluding cases of peripheral lifting. Photos of the adaptations were sent to five experts for analysis of the quadrants (nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior). We used Fisher's exact test for statistical analysis.

Results: The proposed adjustment was highly effective (93.5% correct) in lens delivery (BL=0), with the interrater agreement between doctors ranging from 68.8% to 80.9%.

Conclusion: The clinical parameters proposed for scleral contact lenses adjustment proved useful and reproducible, enabling their practical application to scleral lens adaptation.