Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia最新文献

Purpose: Posterior capsule rupture is defined as an intraoperative posterior capsule tear resulting in vitreous loss. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, preoperative risk factors, intraoperative management strategies, and postoperative complications associated with posterior capsule rupture during phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of the medical records for 25,224 phacoemulsification surgeries performed at our tertiary eye care center between 2017 and 2022. We collected and collated the demographic characteristics and clinical findings of the patients in our cohort. Intraoperative management strategies and postoperative outcomes over a 1-year followup period were also recorded.

Results: Posterior capsule rupture occurred in 351 eyes (351 patients), giving an overall posterior capsule rupture rate of 1.3%. The mean patient age was 68.6 ± 10.8 years. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, mature cataracts, brown cataracts, and surgery performed by a resident were identified as risk factors for posterior capsule rupture (p<0.05 for each; the risk ratios were 2.70, 2.15, 2.44, 1.34, respectively). The most common intraoperative complications were dislocated lens fragments in the vitreous (8%) and iris damage (7.1%). The mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.31 ± 0.84 (logMAR) postoperatively to 0.51 ± 0.56 at the end of the 1-year follow-up period (p<0.001). Corneal edema (55.6%) and elevated intraocular pressure (33.3%) were the most common early postoperative complications. Persistently elevated intraocular pressure (11.1%) and cystoid macular edema (5.1%) were the most common late postoperative complications.

Conclusion: Posterior capsule rupture is a common complication of phacoemulsification surgery that requires prolonged postoperative follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach. Despite the increased incidence of complications when rupture occurs, appropriate intraoperative and postoperative management can lead to satisfactory visual outcomes.

Purpose: Ptosis is characterized by drooping of the upper eyelid, often requiring surgical intervention for functional and aesthetic purposes. Müller's muscle conjunctival resection is a commonly utilized surgical technique to correct mild to moderate ptosis. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of Hering's law on the outcomes of unilateral Müller's muscle conjunctival resection surgery, particularly eyelid and brow symmetry.

Methods: Thirty patients with unilateral ptosis underwent Müller's muscle conjunctival resection. Preand postoperative assessments included ipsilateral and contralateral side margin-reflex distance and brow position, measured through digital image analysis.

Results: We found significant improvements in postoperative margin-reflex distance measurements in the ipsilateral eyelid but not in the contralateral eyelid, indicating minimal influence of Hering's law. Brow position showed a statistically significant increase on the contralateral side but not on the ipsilateral side.

Conclusion: Müller's muscle conjunctival resection effectively restores symmetry in eyelid height and maintains brow symmetry. This is the first study to explore bilateral eyelid and brow symmetry after unilateral Müller's muscle conjunctival resection surgery for mild to moderate ptosis. Further research should be conducted to understand the long-term effects of Müller's muscle conjunctival resection on facial aesthetics, particularly in relation to brow position.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the objective severity of dry eye disease subjective symptoms, and corneal sensitivity.

Methods: The study included 62 eyes from 31 healthy volunteers and 150 eyes from 75 patients diagnosed with dry eye disease . Participants underwent the Schirmer I test, tear break-up time assessment, and corneal staining evaluation using the Oxford Scale. Subjective symptoms were assessed through the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire and a modified Ocular Surface Pain Score questionnaire. Corneal sensitivity was measured in five corneal regions using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Dry eye disease severity was graded from 1 to 5 based on the Oxford Scale. Comparative analyses were performed.

Results: Schirmer I and tear break-up time values were significantly lower in the DED group, while Ocular Surface Disease Index and Ocular Surface Pain Score were significantly higher (p<0.001 for all). Corneal sensitivity in all quadrants was significantly lower in DED patients (p<0.001 for all). A strong correlation was observed between the Ocular Surface Pain Score and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (r=0.983, p<0.001). Central corneal sensitivity exhibited a moderate positive correlation with Schirmer I and tear break-up time (p<0.001, r=0.583 and 0.657, respectively) and a moderate negative correlation with Ocular Surface Disease Index and Ocular Surface Pain Score (p<0.001, r=0.625 and -0.631, respectively). Disease severity progression was associated with increased Ocular Surface Disease Index and Ocular Surface Pain Score, but no statistically significant difference was found between Grades 3 and 5. Similarly, corneal sensitivity decreased with advancing disease severity, yet no significant difference was observed between Grades 4 and 5.

Conclusion: Corneal sensitivity decreases in dry eye disease and is negatively correlated with disease severity. Subjective symptoms increase with disease progression and show a positive correlation with severity. The absence of significant differences between the advanced stages suggests that neuropathic mechanisms and subbasal nerve plexus deterioration play a role in chronic and late-stage dry eye disease.

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of real-world antiangiogenic therapy for ocular conditions in the private healthcare sector in southern Brazil.

Methods: Medical records from patients who underwent intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections over the past 12 years were reviewed retrospectively. Data collection included the primary diagnoses, drugs administered, injection techniques, adverse effects, and treatment efficacy. Efficacy was assessed by comparing preand posttreatment visual acuity and central subfield thickness in eyes with followup exceeding 2 years.

Results: A total of 1,024 patients, 1,310 treated eyes, and 11,377 injections were analyzed. The injections included aflibercept (6,833), ranibizumab (3,692), bevacizumab (843), and brolucizumab (9), administered either bilaterally (3,696) or unilaterally (7,681). The most common diagnoses were diabetic macular edema, exudative age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion related macular edema, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. No endophthalmitis cases were reported. Vitritis with transient visual acuity loss occurred in two cases following aflibercept injections. One retinal detachment case was successfully treated with vitrectomy. The median number of injections per patient was 6 (IQR [interquartile range], 3-13). Among 445 eyes from 328 patients with followup over 2 years (median, 4.05 years; IQR, 2.89-6.29), there was a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity from 0.3 to 0.4 (Snellen) (p<0.001) and a reduction in central subfield thickness from 361 to 267 microns (p<0.001). CST comparisons included patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion related macular edema.

Conclusion: This real-world study, the largest of its kind in Brazil, confirms the safety and efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies in the southern Brazilian private healthcare system. The findings highlight a low incidence of severe adverse events and outcomes consistent with global studies, supporting the ongoing use of antiangiogenic agents as effective and well-tolerated treatments for various ocular conditions in developing countries.