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Chitosan-based intragastric delivery of cefuroxime axetil: development and in-vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive approach. 壳聚糖基灌胃给药头孢呋辛酯:黏附方法的发展和体外评价。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-07-10 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.696064
Mitesh Nagar, Adhikrao V Yadav

To have advantages of reduced dosing frequency, improved bioavailability and effective delivery system of Cefuroxime Axetil, a Chitosan based intragastric sustained release microbead formulation of Cefuroxime Axetil was developed. The drug delivery system was prepared by ionotropic gelation of Chitosan in presence of sodium tripolyphosphate as polyanion and optimized by box-behnken experimental design. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate various vitro characteristics of prepared mucoadhesive microbeads. Multiple independent variables were optimized to achieve responses of interest, thereby to get the desired sustained release profile of Cefuroxime Axetil in gastric environment.

为了降低头孢呋辛酯的给药频率、提高其生物利用度和有效的给药体系,研制了壳聚糖基头孢呋辛酯灌胃缓释微球制剂。以三聚磷酸钠为聚阴离子,通过壳聚糖的离子化胶凝法制备了该给药体系,并通过箱形实验设计对其进行了优化。采用响应面法评价制备的黏附微珠的各种体外特性。对多个自变量进行优化,得到感兴趣的响应,从而得到头孢呋辛酯在胃环境中的缓释曲线。
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引用次数: 4
Covalent immobilization of trypsin on glutaraldehyde-activated silica for protein fragmentation. 胰酶在戊二醛活化二氧化硅上的共价固定化。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-06-06 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.686917
Cenk Daglioglu, Figen Zihnioglu

Trypsin was immobilized by covalent binding to glutaraldehyde-activated silica with and without a spacer arm; 1,6-diaminohexane and polyethyleneglycol as well. The addition of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) to the immobilization media increased the activity of immobilized trypsin in organic solvents, whilst free trypsin activity disappeared under the same conditions. Thermal, pH, storage, and operational stabilities of the free and immobilized enzyme were found to be better than the free enzyme. Furthermore, use of immobilized enzyme for protein fragmentation was achieved by solid-phase, on-line, protein digestion in organic solvents. Reaction times were reduced to a few minutes and the sample handling was minimized.

胰蛋白酶通过与戊二醛活化二氧化硅的共价结合固定化,有或没有间隔臂;1,6-二氨基己烷和聚乙二醇。在固定化培养基中添加聚乙二醇(PEG)可提高固定化胰蛋白酶在有机溶剂中的活性,而在相同条件下,游离胰蛋白酶的活性消失。游离酶和固定化酶的热稳定性、pH值、贮存稳定性和操作稳定性均优于游离酶。此外,利用固定化酶在有机溶剂中实现了固相、在线、蛋白质消化。反应时间减少到几分钟,样品处理被最小化。
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引用次数: 17
Immune-stimulating potential of cell envelope proteins from Vibrio cholerae associated to chitosan microparticles: an in vitro study. 壳聚糖微粒对霍乱弧菌包膜蛋白免疫刺激作用的体外研究。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-09-04 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.696063
Abhimanyu Dev, Roop Narayan Gupta

Context: Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease that remains an important cause of illness and death in many parts of the world.

Objective: This study has been designed to check the immune-stimulating potential of antigens in their native and associated form as chitosan microparticles in vitro.

Material and methods: Chitosan microparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation technique. The cell envelope proteins (CEPs) isolated from Vibrio cholerae were loaded as antigenic material. The prepared microparticles were characterized for their morphology, loading efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential.

Results: The average particle size of CEPs-loaded chitosan microparticles was 2.24 µm and the zeta potential of loaded microparticles was less than blank microparticles. The in vitro release studies of CEPs from CEPs-loaded chitosan microparticles exhibited slow and extended release over a period of time. The higher release of cytokine profile, including interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interlukin-6 (IL-6), was observed for CEPs-loaded chitosan microparticles in comparison to CEPs as native antigen.

Discussion: The particle size of microparticles was within the range for phagocytosis by macropahges, which affects the immunogenicity. The decrease in zeta potential from blank to loaded microparticles further confirms the loading of antigen. The slow and extended release of CEPs provides continuous stimulus of antigen for a longer period of time. The cytokine profiling has shown the advantage of loaded microparticles over native antigen.

Conclusion: The in vitro release studies and cytokine profiling strongly suggested that CEPs-associated chitosan microparticles could be a potential candidate for oral vaccination against Vibrio cholerae.

背景:霍乱是一种严重的腹泻疾病,在世界许多地方仍然是造成疾病和死亡的重要原因。目的:研究壳聚糖微颗粒抗原在体外的免疫刺激作用。材料与方法:采用离子凝胶法制备壳聚糖微粒。将从霍乱弧菌中分离的细胞包膜蛋白(cep)作为抗原物质装载。对所制备的微粒子进行了形貌、负载效率、粒径和zeta电位的表征。结果:负载cceps的壳聚糖微粒子平均粒径为2.24µm, zeta电位小于空白微粒子。体外释放实验表明,负载cep的壳聚糖微颗粒在一段时间内缓释cep。细胞因子谱,包括干扰素γ (IFN-γ),肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)和白细胞介素6 (IL-6)的释放,被观察到与cep作为天然抗原相比,负载cep的壳聚糖微粒。讨论:微粒的粒径在巨噬细胞吞噬的范围内,影响免疫原性。从空白到装载微粒的zeta电位的下降进一步证实了抗原的装载。cep的缓慢和延长释放可在较长时间内持续刺激抗原。细胞因子谱显示了负载微粒比天然抗原的优势。结论:体外释放研究和细胞因子谱分析表明,cceps相关壳聚糖微颗粒可能是口服霍乱弧菌疫苗的潜在候选物。
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引用次数: 4
In vitro effect of novel β-lactam compounds on xanthine oxidase enzyme activity. 新型β-内酰胺类化合物对黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的体外影响。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-06-06 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.678943
Arlinda Bytyqi-Damoni, Hayriye Genç, Mustafa Zengin, Serap Beyaztas, Nahit Gençer, Oktay Arslan

Carbazole substituted imines (2a-l) were prepared from N-methyl-3-amino carbazole with different aldehydes. The imines compounds undergo (2+2) cycloaddition reactions with in situ ketenes to produce β-lactam compounds (3a-l). The β-lactam compounds were tested as inhibitors of the xanthine oxidase (XO) purified from bovine milk. The results show that these compounds exhibit inhibitory effects on XO at low concentrations with IC(50) values ranging from 21.65 to 58.04 µM. The most effective compound for XO was 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-3-phenylazetidin-2-one with IC(50) of 21.65 μM. The lactams investigated here showed effective XO inhibitory effects, in the same range as the clinically used allopurinol.

以n -甲基-3-氨基咔唑为原料,采用不同的醛合成咔唑取代亚胺(2a- 1)。亚胺类化合物与原位烯酮发生(2+2)环加成反应生成β-内酰胺类化合物(3a-l)。对从牛乳中纯化的黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)的抑制剂β-内酰胺进行了测试。结果表明,这些化合物在低浓度下对XO有抑制作用,IC(50)值在21.65 ~ 58.04µM之间。对XO最有效的化合物是4-(4-氯苯基)-1-(9-乙基- 9h -carbazol-3-基)-3- phenylazetitin -2-one, IC(50)为21.65 μM。本文研究的内酰胺类药物显示出有效的XO抑制作用,与临床使用的别嘌呤醇相同。
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引用次数: 17
The effect of polymerized placenta hemoglobin on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. 聚合胎盘血红蛋白对肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.696062
Tao Li, Zhenyu Zhang, Daqin Liao, Yanfang Chen, Chengmin Yang, Xuewen Xu, Jin Liu

The goal of this study was to investigate whether hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) attenuated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced kidney injury. Male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, I/R group, and HBOC group (injection of 0.1 gHb/kg PolyPHb). The ischemia was induced by bilateral renal pedicle cross-clamping for 45min. Then the clamp was released to allow 24h reperfusion. Without increasing blood pressure, PolyPHb reduced the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in plasma and attenuated the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 in kidney tissue. Therefore, our findings suggest that PolyPHb could reduce kidney injury after I/R injury, and this effect was probably associated with the depressed inflammatory response.

本研究的目的是研究基于血红蛋白的氧载体(HBOC)是否能减轻缺血/再灌注(I/R)诱导的肾损伤。雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、I/R组和HBOC组(注射0.1 gHb/kg PolyPHb)。双侧肾蒂交叉夹持45min诱导缺血。然后松开钳钳进行24h再灌注。在不升高血压的情况下,PolyPHb降低血浆尿素氮和肌酐,降低肾组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-8。因此,我们的研究结果表明,PolyPHb可以减轻I/R损伤后的肾脏损伤,这种作用可能与抑制炎症反应有关。
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引用次数: 9
Synthesis of microwave-assisted poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)-bovine serum albumin bioconjugates. 微波辅助聚甲基乙烯醚-共马来酸酐-牛血清白蛋白生物偶联物的合成。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-30 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.678942
Mesut Karahan, Sevecen Tuğlu, Zeynep Mustafaeva

The water-soluble poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) copolymer-bovine serum albumin bioconjugates were synthesized in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimetilamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride as cross-linking agents via microwave-assisted and conventional methods and characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. According to size-exclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography results, the bioconjugates synthesized in the microwave-assisted method are more stable and efficient than the conventional method. The reaction time is shortened from 17 hours to 15 minutes by means of the microwave-assisted method.

以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氰胺-丙基)盐酸碳二亚胺为交联剂,通过微波辅助和常规方法合成了水溶性聚(甲基乙烯醚-共马来酸酐)共聚物-牛血清白蛋白生物偶联物,并采用排粒径层析和高效液相层析对其进行了表征。排除粒径色谱和高效液相色谱结果表明,微波辅助合成的生物偶联物比常规方法更稳定,效率更高。用微波辅助法将反应时间从17小时缩短到15分钟。
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引用次数: 4
Immobilization of anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody by UV polymerization of aniline and aflatoxin B1 detection via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 苯胺紫外聚合固定抗黄曲霉毒素B1抗体及电化学阻抗谱检测黄曲霉毒素B1。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-09-04 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.696059
Erhan Dinçkaya, Özer Kinik, Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk, Çağri Altuğ, Aylin Akkoca
Abstract In the study, we investigated the practicality of the UV polymerization of aniline for anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody immobilization, and utilization of the resulting biosensor in the impedimetric determination of aflatoxin B1. The anti-aflatoxin B 1 antibody was physically immobilized on gold electrodes by UV polymerization of aniline at a fixed wavelength. The biosensor was based on specific interaction anti-aflatoxin B1 – aflatoxin B1 recognition and investigation of this recognition event by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A calibration curve was obtained in a linear detection range 1–20 ng/mL aflatoxin B1. Finally, the biosensor was applied to analysis of a real food sample.
在本研究中,我们探讨了苯胺紫外聚合用于黄曲霉毒素B1抗体固定化的可行性,以及将所得生物传感器应用于黄曲霉毒素B1的阻抗测定。将抗黄曲霉毒素b1抗体通过苯胺紫外聚合在固定波长的金电极上物理固定。该生物传感器基于抗黄曲霉毒素B1特异性相互作用-识别黄曲霉毒素B1,并通过电化学阻抗谱对该识别事件进行研究。在1 ~ 20 ng/mL黄曲霉毒素B1的线性检测范围内建立了校准曲线。最后,将该生物传感器应用于实际食品样品的分析。
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引用次数: 6
Purification and characterization of prophenoloxidase from Galleria mellonella L. mellonella原酚氧化酶的纯化及特性研究。
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-07-10 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.696060
Dudu Demir, Nahit Gençer, Aylin Er

Prophenoloxidase (PPO) was purified from Galleria mellonella L. A 67-fold purification of the proenzyme with 352% yield was achieved by using a Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-amino benzoic acid affinity column. The purified enzyme was migrated as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. K(m) and V(max) values were 0.017 M and 1430.45 EU for catechol. Inhibition of PPO was investigated with inhibitors such as p-aminobenzoic acid, etyleneglycol, and ascorbic acid. Among them, ascorbic acid showed the strongest inhibitory activity with IC(50) value of 2.94 μM. The current paper represents new strategies for the biological control of the Galleria mellonella L. insect.

采用Sepharose 4b - l -酪氨酸-对氨基苯甲酸亲和柱纯化,得到67倍纯化,产率为352%。纯化后的酶在sds -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上呈单条带迁移。儿茶酚的K(m)和V(max)分别为0.017 m和1430.45 EU。研究了对氨基苯甲酸、乙二醇和抗坏血酸等抑制剂对PPO的抑制作用。其中抗坏血酸的抑制活性最强,IC(50)值为2.94 μM。本文提出了一种新的生物防治策略。
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引用次数: 23
Implanted electro-acupuncture electric stimulation improves outcome of stem cells' transplantation in spinal cord injury. 植入式电针电刺激可改善脊髓损伤干细胞移植的预后。
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-02 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.659350
Haichun Liu, Kaiyun Yang, Tao Xin, Wenliang Wu, Yunzhen Chen

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most serious disorders in clinics, and the high disability rate and functional deficits are common issues in patients. Transplantation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) into the injured spinal cord is emerging as a novel method in the therapeutics of SCI; however, its application is limited by the poor survival rate of the transplanted cells and low differentiation rate into neurons. Our laboratory recently reported that electrical stimulation (ES) dramatically improves the survival rate of transplanted BMSCs and increases spinal cord functions in animals with spinal cord injury. In this paper, we asked whether implanted electro-acupuncture (iEA) can advance the beneficial effects from the ES treatment in animals with spinal cord injury. We showed that BMSCs transplantation alone resulted in significant functional recovery in animals. Interestingly, iEA with BMSCs treatment induced a significantly higher functional improvement in locomotor functions and SSEP compared to the BMSCs treatment alone. Additionally, we used molecular biology techniques and showed that BMSCs transplantation with iEA treatment significantly increased the number of surviving BMSCs compared to the BMSCs alone group. In conclusion, our experiment showed that the approach of coupling iEA electric stimulation and BMSCs transplantation remarkably promotes functional improvements in animals with spinal cord injury and holds promising potential to treat spinal cord injury in humans.

脊髓损伤(SCI)是临床上最严重的疾病之一,其致残率高和功能缺陷是患者普遍存在的问题。骨髓间充质间质细胞(BMSCs)移植损伤脊髓是一种治疗脊髓损伤的新方法。然而,移植细胞存活率低、向神经元分化率低,限制了其应用。我们的实验室最近报道了电刺激(ES)显著提高移植骨髓间充质干细胞的存活率,并增加脊髓损伤动物的脊髓功能。在本文中,我们探讨了植入式电针(iEA)是否能促进ES治疗对脊髓损伤动物的有益作用。我们发现,单靠骨髓间充质干细胞移植就能显著恢复动物的功能。有趣的是,与单独治疗骨髓间充质干细胞相比,iEA联合骨髓间充质干细胞治疗可显著提高运动功能和SSEP的功能改善。此外,我们使用分子生物学技术表明,与单独使用骨髓间充质干细胞组相比,iEA治疗的骨髓间充质干细胞移植显著增加了存活的骨髓间充质干细胞数量。综上所述,我们的实验表明,iEA电刺激与骨髓间充质干细胞移植相结合的方法显著促进了脊髓损伤动物的功能改善,并且在治疗人类脊髓损伤方面具有很大的潜力。
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引用次数: 14
Immobilization of laccase on polyacrylamide and polyacrylamide - κ - carragennan-based semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. 漆酶在聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酰胺- κ -卡拉胶基半互穿聚合物网络上的固定化。
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 Epub Date: 2012-05-17 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.658469
M Gökgöz, H Altinok

In this study, laccase enzyme (L) from Agaricus bisporus was immobilized by entrapment into polyacrylamide (PAAm) and semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) prepared with either polyacrylamide/κ-carragennan (0.05g) [PAAm/ κ-car (0.05)] or polyacrylamide/κ-carragennan (0.1 g) [PAAm/ κ-car (0.1)]. The optimum pH was 6.0 for free L, 8.0 for PAAm-L, 8.5 for PAAm/κ-car (0.05)-L, and 9.0 for PAAm/κ-car (0.1)-L. The optimum temperature was determined as 45°C for free L and 60°C for all immobilized laccases. After 27 days of storage at 4°C, free enzyme lost its initial activity whereas immobilized enzymes retained 56 % (-)80% of their initial activities. The immobilized samples were used repeatedly 35 times by retaining 28 %-58 % of their initial activity. K(m(app)) values were calculated as 0.088, 0.139, 0.133, and 0.131 mM and Vmax values were found to be 2.83 x 10(-3), 4.51×10(-3), 4.76×10(-3), and 4.97×10(-3) mM min(-1) for free L and PAAm-L, PAAm/κ-car (0.05)-L, and PAAm/κ-car (0.1)-L, respectively.

本研究将双孢蘑菇漆酶(L)包埋在聚丙烯酰胺(PAAm)和聚丙烯酰胺/κ-卡拉胶聚糖(0.05g) [PAAm/ κ-car(0.05)]或聚丙烯酰胺/κ-卡拉胶聚糖(0.1 g) [PAAm/ κ-car(0.1)]制备的半互穿聚合物网络(semi- ipn)中。游离L的最适pH为6.0,PAAm-L为8.0,PAAm/κ-car为8.5 (0.05)-L, PAAm/κ-car为9.0 (0.1)-L。游离L的最佳温度为45℃,所有固定化漆酶的最佳温度为60℃。在4°C下储存27天后,游离酶失去了初始活性,而固定化酶保留了56%(-)80%的初始活性。固定后的样品重复使用35次,保留其初始活性的28% - 58%。K(m(app))值分别为0.088、0.139、0.133和0.131 mM,游离L和PAAm-L、PAAm/κ-car (0.05)-L和PAAm/κ-car (0.1)-L的Vmax值分别为2.83 ×10(-3)、4.51×10(-3)、4.76×10(-3)和4.97×10(-3) mM min(-1)。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology
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