This paper examines multi-purpose communal forests, called the dhina, which surrounds the Konso settlements. Qualitative research, primarily in-depth interviews and field observations, were employed to explore the multiple purposes and current status of dhina. Moreover, as a native to the study area, the investigator was able to utilize his personal experiences as another source of information. Results of the study show that dhina was purposefully conserved by the communities since the time the nucleated settlements in Konso were established. The forest has multiple purposes including: fire control, latrine, garbage dump, grazing land, fruit gathering, and hiding places during times of conflict. Moreover, the study shows that dhina harbors several indigenous plant and animal species. Finally, the result indicates that the process of modernization and development process threaten the survival of dhina.
{"title":"Dhina: A Multi-purpose communal tree-and-shrub belts around the nucleated settlements of the Konso","authors":"K. Gellebo","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020341063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020341063","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines multi-purpose communal forests, called the dhina, which surrounds the Konso settlements. Qualitative research, primarily in-depth interviews and field observations, were employed to explore the multiple purposes and current status of dhina. Moreover, as a native to the study area, the investigator was able to utilize his personal experiences as another source of information. Results of the study show that dhina was purposefully conserved by the communities since the time the nucleated settlements in Konso were established. The forest has multiple purposes including: fire control, latrine, garbage dump, grazing land, fruit gathering, and hiding places during times of conflict. Moreover, the study shows that dhina harbors several indigenous plant and animal species. Finally, the result indicates that the process of modernization and development process threaten the survival of dhina.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41583911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bozrayda, R. F. Eldernawi, F. Attia, F. H. Shakmak
This study aims to characterize finger dermatoglyphic traits and to analyze bisexual and bilateral differences in Libyan population at Benghazi city. The sample was collected from a student at university of Benghazi includes 487 males and 587 females aged between 18and 24 years old. Fingers prints were obtained by standard ink procedure. Prints were classified into digital patterns-arches, ulnar loops, radial loops, and whorls using the lens. Ulnar loops were higher (56.9 %) than whorls (37.2 %) whereas both arches and radial loops were low (3.5, 2.4 %), respectively. Order pattern frequency decreased from finger to finger in the following order III> V>I>IV>II for ulnar loops while it was IV>I>II>V>III for whorls, respectively. The highest frequency for arch found in finger II in both sex and hand. Differences in frequency patterns were found between males and females and right and lift hand . Dankmejers, Furuhata, and Pattern Intensity Indices were 9.43, 62.73 and 13.37, respectively. The frequency distribution obtained in this study is very close to those of Arabs North African and Mediterranean populations.
{"title":"Fingers print of Libyan population in Benghazi City","authors":"S. Bozrayda, R. F. Eldernawi, F. Attia, F. H. Shakmak","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020341064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020341064","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to characterize finger dermatoglyphic traits and to analyze bisexual and bilateral differences in Libyan population at Benghazi city. The sample was collected from a student at university of Benghazi includes 487 males and 587 females aged between 18and 24 years old. Fingers prints were obtained by standard ink procedure. Prints were classified into digital patterns-arches, ulnar loops, radial loops, and whorls using the lens. \u0000Ulnar loops were higher (56.9 %) than whorls (37.2 %) whereas both arches and radial loops were low (3.5, 2.4 %), respectively. Order pattern frequency decreased from finger to finger in the following order III> V>I>IV>II for ulnar loops while it was IV>I>II>V>III for whorls, respectively. The highest frequency for arch found in finger II in both sex and hand. Differences in frequency patterns were found between males and females and right and lift hand . Dankmejers, Furuhata, and Pattern Intensity Indices were 9.43, 62.73 and 13.37, respectively. The frequency distribution obtained in this study is very close to those of Arabs North African and Mediterranean populations.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyslipidemia is reported to be associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Objective of the present study was to evaluate differential magnitudes of association of lipid profile characteristics namely, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and non-HDL-C with hypertension among adults. In a cross-sectional study, participants were 94 adults aged 30-59 years (50 men and 44 women) representing Dhimal, an endogamous community in Darjeeling, West Bengal. Blood pressure (systolic or SBP and diastolic or DBP) has been recorded. The sample had equal number (n = 47) of normotensive and hypertensive individuals (25 men and 22 women in each group). Hypertension was diagnosed as SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mmHg. Prevalence of elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), LDL-C (≥130 mg/dL), and reduced level of HDL-C (<40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women) were calculated. Binomial regression analysis predicted hypertension by the lipid profile parameters. Mean value of age of the participants was 42.05 years. No significant sex differences of mean values of characteristics were observed. In the sample (n = 94), mean values of SBP (126.95 mmHg), DBP (83.61 mmHg), TG (148.31 mg/dL) and LDL-C (104.55 mg/dL) were within normal limits. Mean value of HDL-C was low (34.10 mg/dL). Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia (53.76%), high LDL-C (23.66%), and low HLD-C (51.61%) were remarkable in the sample. Hypertensive individuals had higher mean values of TG, LDL-C, TC, and non-HDL-C in comparison with normotensive peers. Lipid parameters showed significant association with hypertension and non-HDL-C was the best predictor showing odds ratio (1.08), correct classification rate (76.34%), sensitivity (76.60), specificity (76.09) and 87% area under ROC curve.
{"title":"Non-HDL Cholesterol is a Good Predictor of the Risk for Hypertension among Dhimal Adults from Darjeeling in West Bengal, India","authors":"S. Banik","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020341065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020341065","url":null,"abstract":"Dyslipidemia is reported to be associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Objective of the present study was to evaluate differential magnitudes of association of lipid profile characteristics namely, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and non-HDL-C with hypertension among adults. In a cross-sectional study, participants were 94 adults aged 30-59 years (50 men and 44 women) representing Dhimal, an endogamous community in Darjeeling, West Bengal. Blood pressure (systolic or SBP and diastolic or DBP) has been recorded. The sample had equal number (n = 47) of normotensive and hypertensive individuals (25 men and 22 women in each group). Hypertension was diagnosed as SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mmHg. Prevalence of elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), LDL-C (≥130 mg/dL), and reduced level of HDL-C (<40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women) were calculated. Binomial regression analysis predicted hypertension by the lipid profile parameters. Mean value of age of the participants was 42.05 years. No significant sex differences of mean values of characteristics were observed. In the sample (n = 94), mean values of SBP (126.95 mmHg), DBP (83.61 mmHg), TG (148.31 mg/dL) and LDL-C (104.55 mg/dL) were within normal limits. Mean value of HDL-C was low (34.10 mg/dL). Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia (53.76%), high LDL-C (23.66%), and low HLD-C (51.61%) were remarkable in the sample. Hypertensive individuals had higher mean values of TG, LDL-C, TC, and non-HDL-C in comparison with normotensive peers. Lipid parameters showed significant association with hypertension and non-HDL-C was the best predictor showing odds ratio (1.08), correct classification rate (76.34%), sensitivity (76.60), specificity (76.09) and 87% area under ROC curve.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"209-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47038081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper treats singer-songwriter Paolo Conte’s pop success and his previous jazz formation in a provincial Italian place, Asti in Piedmont. This town, as well as its name, are linked to producing and branding sweet sparkling wine, the Asti Spumante, yet it is also the unexpected cradle of many Italian jazzmen. Paolo Conte is a son of this local culture who aims at seeing other cultures and landscapes due to his passion for French jazz and chanson. Paolo Conte is the creator of an imagined exotic landscape made of music and characters of individuals who dream to live here and, at the same time, not here. Paolo Conte makes it possible through his songs, being capable of telling stories that are both intimate and universal, thus making popular the unpopular. He is an idiosyncratic singer-songwriter in the Italian realm of cantautori who reached international notoriety building an out of here where local people can imagine to go and get the real taste of life. Key words: Paolo Conte, Popular Music, Place, Exoticism
{"title":"Paolo Conte, the Provincial Singer of Exotic","authors":"G. Corinto","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020341061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020341061","url":null,"abstract":"The paper treats singer-songwriter Paolo Conte’s pop success and his previous jazz formation in a provincial Italian place, Asti in Piedmont. This town, as well as its name, are linked to producing and branding sweet sparkling wine, the Asti Spumante, yet it is also the unexpected cradle of many Italian jazzmen. Paolo Conte is a son of this local culture who aims at seeing other cultures and landscapes due to his passion for French jazz and chanson. Paolo Conte is the creator of an imagined exotic landscape made of music and characters of individuals who dream to live here and, at the same time, not here. Paolo Conte makes it possible through his songs, being capable of telling stories that are both intimate and universal, thus making popular the unpopular. He is an idiosyncratic singer-songwriter in the Italian realm of cantautori who reached international notoriety building an out of here where local people can imagine to go and get the real taste of life. \u0000Key words: Paolo Conte, Popular Music, Place, Exoticism","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"161-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45666371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is focusing on the role of the individuals’ capabilities in terms of perceptions expressed and adapting strategies preferred relative to the water scarcity in the western High Atlas. Therefore, a survey was conducted among 246 individuals in the Anougal Valley. Concerning the variables used to capture this objective, six are summarizing the main indicators of individual capabilities, three are expressing the perceptions of water scarcity and two are formulating the individuals’ coping strategies preferred. The results showed that population is aware of the fact that droughts and floods weaken the water resources. To cope with this problem, individuals, with weak capabilities, prefer traditional strategies, while the others with strong capabilities choose modern strategies whose inducted effects can only degrade water. Thus, any development project aimed at improving the individuals’ capabilities without taking into account the local hydraulic heritage, risks compromising the sustainability of water resources in the western High Atlas.
{"title":"Relation between perception of water scarcity, capabilities and coping strategies among traditional populations of the western High Atlas in Morocco: Case of the Anougal Valley","authors":"A. Ahouach, M. Cherkaoui","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020341066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020341066","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is focusing on the role of the individuals’ capabilities in terms of perceptions expressed and adapting strategies preferred relative to the water scarcity in the western High Atlas. Therefore, a survey was conducted among 246 individuals in the Anougal Valley. Concerning the variables used to capture this objective, six are summarizing the main indicators of individual capabilities, three are expressing the perceptions of water scarcity and two are formulating the individuals’ coping strategies preferred. The results showed that population is aware of the fact that droughts and floods weaken the water resources. To cope with this problem, individuals, with weak capabilities, prefer traditional strategies, while the others with strong capabilities choose modern strategies whose inducted effects can only degrade water. Thus, any development project aimed at improving the individuals’ capabilities without taking into account the local hydraulic heritage, risks compromising the sustainability of water resources in the western High Atlas.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"225-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44872376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to illustrate the significant presence of images of the sea in the early Latin epic poetry as a mirror of the evolution of Roman society, which was originally founded on land and agriculture. This presence was mainly due to the first Punic War, which took place largely at sea, and was experienced by the poets themselves, Livius Andronicus and Naevius, and subsequently remembered by Ennius. A review of literary passages, which implicitly refer to the Mediterranean, shows (albeit in fragmentary form) the interest in the mare magnum between Greek myth and Roman history, changing from the dramatic representation of the sea as an enigmatic and hostile environment, to that of a pragmatic relationship between man and sea that offered new chances in peacetime and a wider perspective on the world.
{"title":"Mare magnum: the Romans and the Mediterranean Sea between myth and history in the early Latin epic","authors":"Francesca Boldrer","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020121058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020121058","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to illustrate the significant presence of images of the sea in the early Latin epic poetry as a mirror of the evolution of Roman society, which was originally founded on land and agriculture. This presence was mainly due to the first Punic War, which took place largely at sea, and was experienced by the poets themselves, Livius Andronicus and Naevius, and subsequently remembered by Ennius. A review of literary passages, which implicitly refer to the Mediterranean, shows (albeit in fragmentary form) the interest in the mare magnum between Greek myth and Roman history, changing from the dramatic representation of the sea as an enigmatic and hostile environment, to that of a pragmatic relationship between man and sea that offered new chances in peacetime and a wider perspective on the world.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"93-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41328175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Eremocene is defined as the era of solitude. Solitude is human compared to other living entities, i.e. animals, plant life and minerals: non-human. This article takes its shape from five photographs that represents five different points of view on the crisis we are experiencing. The first two images are photographs that, despite representing reality, try to signify something deeper, that is, an ideology that permeates our culture: our point of view on non-human animals as representative objects or symbols and not as subjects. The third and fourth images represent the point of view of the Earth, starting from a descriptive photograph to a prescriptive dystopian image. The first description emerges from what we are doing to our planet, while the second, prescriptive, is taken from a dystopian film that represents what will happen to the planet if we do not change our way of life. The fifth image shows a way to photograph scenarios of Eco-realism, in which we are not separated from what we call “nature”, or the ecological background in its totality. Different theses will be shown throughout the article that will form, at the end, blocks to build a reality beyond the human imaginary. The conclusion will try to direct the philosophical analysis in a direction that opens up new scenarios never encountered before, through narratives that mix the reality with the imaginary. In order to save life and non-life, in the era of catastrophe, it will be necessary to find a new multi-species imaginary to build an Eco-realist philosophy.
{"title":"Eco-realism at the Time of Catastrophe:","authors":"N. Zengiaro","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020121055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020121055","url":null,"abstract":"The Eremocene is defined as the era of solitude. Solitude is human compared to other living entities, i.e. animals, plant life and minerals: non-human. This article takes its shape from five photographs that represents five different points of view on the crisis we are experiencing. The first two images are photographs that, despite representing reality, try to signify something deeper, that is, an ideology that permeates our culture: our point of view on non-human animals as representative objects or symbols and not as subjects. The third and fourth images represent the point of view of the Earth, starting from a descriptive photograph to a prescriptive dystopian image. The first description emerges from what we are doing to our planet, while the second, prescriptive, is taken from a dystopian film that represents what will happen to the planet if we do not change our way of life. The fifth image shows a way to photograph scenarios of Eco-realism, in which we are not separated from what we call “nature”, or the ecological background in its totality. Different theses will be shown throughout the article that will form, at the end, blocks to build a reality beyond the human imaginary. The conclusion will try to direct the philosophical analysis in a direction that opens up new scenarios never encountered before, through narratives that mix the reality with the imaginary. In order to save life and non-life, in the era of catastrophe, it will be necessary to find a new multi-species imaginary to build an Eco-realist philosophy.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45742302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Being a crucial gateway between the West and the East and a strategic crossroad of commercial and political interests, because of their geographical position, the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov regions – the Crimean Peninsula in particular – have been, since the beginning of time, lands of migrations.Speaking of a relative recent past – end of the 18th – beginning of the 20th cc. – among the migration processes to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov costs, we find the presence of the Italian element.
{"title":"The impact of small migrant flows.","authors":"S. Vasilyev, S. Zini, N. Khokhlov","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020121057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020121057","url":null,"abstract":"Being a crucial gateway between the West and the East and a strategic crossroad of commercial and political interests, because of their geographical position, the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov regions – the Crimean Peninsula in particular – have been, since the beginning of time, lands of migrations.Speaking of a relative recent past – end of the 18th – beginning of the 20th cc. – among the migration processes to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov costs, we find the presence of the Italian element.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"57-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48353163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper sudden shifts of the poles are proposed as an explanation for the recurrent geological crisis during which volcanic eruptions, orogenesis, climatic changes, sea levels variations, together with mass extinctions occur. Such shifts are usually considered impossible on the assumption that only a planetary impact could change in a significant way the Earth’s momentum. The position of the poles, however, is determined by the equatorial bulges; if they are “reshaped” for some reason, the poles shift without any significant change of the momentum. Due to the enormous extend of its oceans, Earth is an inherently unstable planet, so much so that a kick apparently irrelevant can trigger a process that in a very short period, that is instantaneously in geological time, provokes a reshaping of the equatorial bulge, thus making the poles shift permanently. When this happens all the masses on its surface, atmosphere, oceans and continents, are suddenly subjected to tangential forces, thus triggering a global catastrophe and long lasting effects for what concerns climate, volcanism and circulation cells of the mantle.
{"title":"Changes in the Rotation Axis of Earth After Asteroid/Cometary Impacts and their Geological Effects","authors":"F. Barbiero","doi":"10.14673//IJA2020121059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673//IJA2020121059","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper sudden shifts of the poles are proposed as an explanation for the recurrent geological crisis during which volcanic eruptions, orogenesis, climatic changes, sea levels variations, together with mass extinctions occur. Such shifts are usually considered impossible on the assumption that only a planetary impact could change in a significant way the Earth’s momentum. The position of the poles, however, is determined by the equatorial bulges; if they are “reshaped” for some reason, the poles shift without any significant change of the momentum. \u0000Due to the enormous extend of its oceans, Earth is an inherently unstable planet, so much so that a kick apparently irrelevant can trigger a process that in a very short period, that is instantaneously in geological time, provokes a reshaping of the equatorial bulge, thus making the poles shift permanently. When this happens all the masses on its surface, atmosphere, oceans and continents, are suddenly subjected to tangential forces, thus triggering a global catastrophe and long lasting effects for what concerns climate, volcanism and circulation cells of the mantle.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"113-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45329703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The music discourse was central for the definition of the national identity in the 1920s Brazil, as the Modernista movement assumed it to start a profound reflection on what would be the features of the culture of the Country. Choro and maxixe, dances and music for questionable people living in deprived areas of Rio de Janeiro, spread an energetic culture of life, soon contaminating the rest of the Brazilian society. The ‘negro’ music of mulato musicians could resist the European cultural colonization by imposing sensual and complicated rhythms onto traditional styles as waltz and polka imported from Europe by colonizers. It has been ‘cannibalized’ by formally educated European composers such as the French Darius Milhaud. In its turn, it has been capable of cannibalizing the European and North American cultures. The musical descendants of choro are today well known as samba, bossa-nova, and jazz-samba, produced by contamination and hybridization by Antonio Carlos ‘Tom’ Jobim, and Joao Gilberto. This music conquered the worldwide success maintaining, over time, an indisputable cultural-geographical identity forged onto the ideas that Oswald de Andrade heralded by his Manifesto Antropofago.
{"title":"Brazilian Bossa Nova and Cultural Anthropophagy","authors":"G. Corinto","doi":"10.14673/IJA2020121054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14673/IJA2020121054","url":null,"abstract":"The music discourse was central for the definition of the national identity in the 1920s Brazil, as the Modernista movement assumed it to start a profound reflection on what would be the features of the culture of the Country. Choro and maxixe, dances and music for questionable people living in deprived areas of Rio de Janeiro, spread an energetic culture of life, soon contaminating the rest of the Brazilian society. The ‘negro’ music of mulato musicians could resist the European cultural colonization by imposing sensual and complicated rhythms onto traditional styles as waltz and polka imported from Europe by colonizers. It has been ‘cannibalized’ by formally educated European composers such as the French Darius Milhaud. In its turn, it has been capable of cannibalizing the European and North American cultures. The musical descendants of choro are today well known as samba, bossa-nova, and jazz-samba, produced by contamination and hybridization by Antonio Carlos ‘Tom’ Jobim, and Joao Gilberto. This music conquered the worldwide success maintaining, over time, an indisputable cultural-geographical identity forged onto the ideas that Oswald de Andrade heralded by his Manifesto Antropofago.","PeriodicalId":84923,"journal":{"name":"International journal of anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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