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Legacy data – hidden opportunity 遗留数据-隐藏的机会
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12073241
K. Reeves
Summary As oil prices have rebounded, operators look for new exploration opportunities. A new paradigm, however, is the increased focus on investor return rather than relentless expansion at all costs. This value-focused exploration looks for cost effective approaches and methods to leverage prior expenditures. Exploration driven by legacy data is one cost effective approach that is rising. Examination of resource discoveries are presented
随着油价的回升,油公司开始寻找新的勘探机会。然而,一种新的模式是越来越关注投资者回报,而不是不惜一切代价进行无情的扩张。这种以价值为中心的探索寻找具有成本效益的方法和方法来利用先前的支出。由遗留数据驱动的勘探是一种成本有效的方法。介绍了对资源发现的检查
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引用次数: 0
Lithology characterisation of the roof and floor of the Moranbah measures coal seam using post-stack and pre-stack seismic inversion 利用叠后和叠前地震反演技术对莫兰巴煤层顶板进行岩性表征
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12072990
M. Pavlova
Summary 3D seismic technology has become a popular exploration and development tool among coal mining companies in Australia in the last ten years. Traditionally the main use of these seismic data is to inform the mine of the structural features such as faults, rolls and dykes. There have been very few attempts to use quantitative seismic interpretation to help understand geological risks ahead of longwall mining. The purpose of this paper is to provide an example of roof and floor characterisation using post-stack and prestack seismic inversion. First step in the study was to understand the relationship between elastic and rock properties using log data. Thus, when looking at the relationship between lithology/gamma ray response and compressional impedance I observed that massive, blocky sandstones have high velocity and density and hence high compressional impedance, while siltstones, claystones and fine-grained sands have low density, velocity and low compressional impedance. Lithology discriminators lambda-rho and mu-rho crossplots also showed good separation of blocky clean, sands and soft fine-grained sands. As a second step I ran pre-stack and post-stack inversions using a small subset of the boreholes. Thirdly, upon reviewing products of the inversions against all log data, I found the pre-stack results to be more superior than the post-stack. The current work highlighted a few areas of blocky sandstone roof and weak floor. This information could be used to inform the future mine operations and design.
近十年来,三维地震技术已成为澳大利亚煤矿公司普遍采用的勘探开发工具。传统上,这些地震资料的主要用途是告知矿山的构造特征,如断层,卷和堤防。很少有人尝试使用定量地震解释来帮助了解长壁开采前的地质风险。本文的目的是提供一个使用叠后和叠前地震反演进行顶板和底板特征描述的例子。研究的第一步是利用测井数据了解弹性和岩石性质之间的关系。因此,在观察岩性/伽马射线响应与纵波阻抗之间的关系时,我观察到块状、块状砂岩具有高速度和密度,因此具有高纵波阻抗,而粉砂岩、粘土岩和细粒砂岩具有低密度、低速度和低纵波阻抗。岩性判别器λ -rho和mu-rho交会图也显示出块状洁净砂、软细粒砂的良好分离。作为第二步,我使用一小部分井眼进行了叠前和叠后反演。第三,在回顾了所有日志数据的反演结果后,我发现叠前的结果比叠后的结果更优越。目前的工作突出了一些区域的块状砂岩屋顶和薄弱的地板。这些资料可用于通知今后的地雷作业和设计。
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引用次数: 2
From a Mining Mindset to Regional Discovery: A Case Study for Hematite Iron Ore Exploration in Mauritania 从采矿思维到区域发现:以毛里塔尼亚赤铁矿勘探为例
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12073145
B. Waele, A. Aitken, M. V. Mourik, Khalifa Oul Laab Laab, Mohamed Elhacen Ould Med Yeslem, Thiam Mohamedou
Summary There has been extensive mining for hematite mineralisation in Mauritania since the 1950s, focused on the Kediat Ijil and Mhaoudat regions in northern Mauritania. These discoveries were largely made during the colonial period, with only limited additional discoveries in more recent years. In an effort to allow the discovery of additional hematite mineralisation in the district, the Société Nationale Industrielle et Minière (SNIM) has obtained regional airborne VTEM and magnetic data and has tested a variety of ground-based geophysical methods on and near existing mineralisation. A re-interpretation of these datasets alongside structural mapping on the ground has allowed the development of a series of conceptual models for targeting high-grade hematite mineralisation, and the development of suitable exploration strategies to locate the next generation of prospective hematite iron ore mines to develop into the future.
自20世纪50年代以来,毛里塔尼亚进行了广泛的赤铁矿矿化开采,重点是毛里塔尼亚北部的Kediat Ijil和Mhaoudat地区。这些发现大部分是在殖民时期发现的,近年来只有有限的额外发现。为了在该地区发现更多的赤铁矿矿化,国家工业和矿业协会(SNIM)获得了区域机载瞬变电磁法和磁数据,并对现有矿化及其附近的各种地面地球物理方法进行了测试。对这些数据集的重新解释以及地面上的结构测绘,使得开发了一系列针对高品位赤铁矿化的概念模型,并制定了合适的勘探策略,以定位下一代有前景的赤铁矿,以便在未来开发。
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引用次数: 2
A geological pressure model for the Browse Basin and the southern Vulcan Sub-Basin, NWS Australia 澳大利亚西北部Browse盆地和Vulcan南部次盆地的地质压力模型
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12072925
J. Heller, Toh Shi-Yuan, A. Edwards
Summary The results presented in this paper draws on a regional pressure analysis of the offshore areas of the Browse Basin and the southern Vulcan Sub-Basin. The presented study focuses on Late Permian to Recent stratigraphy and a new stratigraphic scheme consisting of 11 main sequences has been developed as part of the study. Vp-Rho cross plot analysis conducted for wells in the study area, indicates that undercompaction (disequilibrium compaction) is the main overpressure generating mechanism present. Although no clear deviation from a normal compaction/disequilibrium compaction trend is evident in the analysed wells, densities can be very high at depth with densities up to 2.65 g/cm3 and above. This indicates that some cementation and possible clay mineral transformations have taken place in the deeper (and older) shales posing a challenge to conventional porosity/effective stress related pore pressure prediction. For the purpose of this study, a model describing (shale) overpressures due to “primary” and “secondary” disequilibrium has been developed. The developed geological pressure model shows an overall good match with shale pressure predictions and/or forms the upper bound of the observed shale pressure/drilling data for the majority of the analysed wells across the study area. The model is particularly useful when planning to drill in areas with few offset wells for calibration and may also form a supplement to pore pressure predictions from seismic velocities away from well control and thereby significantly reduces the risk of encountering unexpected high pressures.
本文的研究结果是基于对Browse盆地和火神亚盆地南部近海区域压力的分析。本文主要研究了晚二叠世至新近地层,并建立了一个由11个主要层序组成的新地层方案。对研究区井的Vp-Rho交叉图分析表明,欠压实(不平衡压实)是主要的超压形成机制。虽然在分析井中没有明显偏离正常压实/不平衡压实趋势,但密度在深度可能非常高,密度可达2.65 g/cm3以上。这表明,在更深的(和更古老的)页岩中发生了一些胶结作用和可能的粘土矿物转化,对传统的孔隙度/有效应力相关孔隙压力预测提出了挑战。为了本研究的目的,开发了一个描述由“初级”和“次级”不平衡引起的(页岩)超压的模型。开发的地质压力模型与页岩压力预测总体上吻合良好,并且(或)形成了整个研究区域大多数分析井的页岩压力观测/钻井数据的上限。当计划在邻井很少的地区进行钻井校准时,该模型特别有用,也可以对远离井控的地震速度的孔隙压力预测形成补充,从而显著降低遇到意外高压的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Co-operative inversion of geoelectrical data sets acquired from different electrode arrays 不同电极阵列地电数据集的协同反演
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12073100
D. T. Kieu, T. Truong
Summary Direct current resistivity (DCR) method is one of the most commonly applied geophysical exploration methods. The development of data acquisition techniques enables the acquisition of multiple data sets of various electrode arrays with a little extra measurement time in comparison with the time that needs to install the system. Accordingly, the data processor is required to utilise as much as possible useful information to build a more reliable geoelectrical model. This study aims to test using the co-operative inversion process to the multiple data sets of various electrode configurations. We use a synthetic model with the most common electrode arrays: Wenner-Schlumberger (WS), Dipole-Dipole (DD), Pole-Dipole (PD) and Pole-Pole to investigate the possibility of the co-operative inversion schemes. The results show that the co-operative inversion of the combined data sets is better than the inversion of the individual ones. The order of inversion for each data set can produce different results. Fuzzy c-means constraint may assist the inversion to produce better results.
直流电阻率法是目前应用最广泛的物探方法之一。与安装系统所需的时间相比,数据采集技术的发展使采集各种电极阵列的多个数据集具有一点额外的测量时间。因此,数据处理器需要利用尽可能多的有用信息来建立更可靠的地电模型。本研究旨在对不同电极配置的多个数据集进行协同反演过程的测试。我们使用最常见的电极阵列:温纳-斯伦贝谢(WS)、偶极-偶极(DD)、极-偶极(PD)和极-极(Pole-Pole)的合成模型来研究协同反演方案的可能性。结果表明,组合数据集的协同反演效果优于单个数据集的反演效果。每个数据集的反演顺序可以产生不同的结果。模糊c均值约束可以帮助反演得到更好的结果。
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引用次数: 1
Quaternary buried valley characterization on the Canadian Prairies using a shear land-streamer 加拿大大草原第四纪隐伏谷的剪切地貌特征
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12072977
David G. Schieck, R. Hearst
Summary A 72 channel 3-component land-streamer in conjunction with an IVI Envirovibe modified with a transverse shearpack has been constructed and tested over a known >70 m Quaternary buried valley system SE of Calgary, Alberta. Recent near surface seismic reflection developments using a land-streamer have been commercialized in the Western Canadian Prairies repurposing former exploration seismic equipment. Shear-shear reflection, P-wave reflection and multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) data are acquired concurrently using this cost-effective system. Processed data depicts detailed characteristics relative to cross-sections based on sparse water wells drilled to depth in this area. Real-time GPS to sub-meter accuracy, 24-bit distributed recording, advanced vibrator electronics and feedback using 3C analogue geophones all operated by a single observer while operating the Vibroseis machine is a novel approach for shallow seismic applications. This equipment and methodology demonstrate a cost-effective approach to soil investigations for near surface shear velocities, soil characterization, and detailed lithology of quaternary valleys within the Canadian Prairies to in-fill drill locations and airborne geophysical methods.
在阿尔伯塔省卡尔加里东南部一个已知的bbb70米的第四纪埋藏山谷系统中,一个72通道的3组分陆地拖波器与经过横向剪切包改造的IVI Envirovibe相结合,并进行了测试。最近,在加拿大西部大草原地区,使用陆地拖缆的近地表地震反射开发已经商业化,重新利用了以前的勘探地震设备。剪切-剪切反射、纵波反射和多通道表面波(MASW)数据同时采集。处理后的数据相对于该地区钻探到一定深度的稀疏水井的横截面描绘了详细的特征。实时GPS精确到亚米级,24位分布式记录,先进的振动电子设备和使用3C模拟检波器的反馈,所有这些都是由一个观察者在操作Vibroseis机器时操作的,这是一种用于浅层地震应用的新方法。该设备和方法证明了一种经济有效的土壤调查方法,可用于近地表剪切速度、土壤特征和加拿大大草原第四纪山谷的详细岩性,以及填土钻孔位置和航空地球物理方法。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Refraction: Impactions for Subglacial Heat Flux 热折射:冰下热通量的影响
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12072986
S. Willcocks, D. Hasterok
Summary Numerical models of glaciers suggest variations in geothermal heat flux influences basal melting. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of thermal refraction on heat flux variations at the glacial-basement interface using a finite difference approximation of the 2D, steady-state, heat flow equation. Thermal refraction occurs as a result of variations in subglacial topography where the thermal conductivity of glacial ice and the solid Earth differ, or in the absence of subglacial topography where contacts between differing conductivity rocks exist. Both models are incompatible with prior topographic-based models of subglacial heat flux. Heat flux can preferentially flow into or around a subglacial valley depending on the thermal conductivity contrast with surrounding rock, with magnitudes at the glacial-basement interface ±20 to 40% of regional geothermal heat flux.
冰川的数值模式表明,地热通量的变化影响基底融化。在这项研究中,我们利用二维稳态热流方程的有限差分近似证明了热折射对冰川-基底界面热流变化的影响。热折射的发生是由于冰下地形的变化,其中冰川冰和固体地球的热导率不同,或者在没有冰下地形的情况下,存在不同导率岩石之间的接触。这两种模式都与先前基于地形的冰下热通量模式不相容。根据与围岩的热导率对比,热通量可以优先流入冰下山谷或在其周围流动,在冰川-基底界面处的量级占区域地热通量的±20%至40%。
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引用次数: 2
CO2-water-rock predictions from aquifer and oil field drill core data: The Precipice Sandstone-Evergreen Formation CO2 storage reservoir-seal pair 从含水层和油田钻探岩心数据预测CO2-水-岩:悬崖砂岩-常绿组CO2储层-封对
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12073162
J. Pearce, A. L. Croix, F. Brink, V. Honari, S. González, A. Harfoush, J. Underschultz
Summary The Surat Basin is one of the most prospective onshore basins in Australia for CO2 storage. The Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation have been appraised for their feasibility as a future CO2 storage reservoir-seal pair. Here we will focus on predicted CO2-water-rock reactions. These predictions rely on mineral and porosity data from drill core. Data were obtained from northern and two southern regions of the Basin. The northern region was more data rich. The southern region is more well core and data sparse with the exception of the Moonie oil Field. Additional drill core samples were collected from archived well core of Moonie and other parts of the basin. The core samples were characterised for porosity, mineral, and metal content to build geochemical models to predict local CO2-water-rock reactions and their potential effect on reservoir scaling, changes to porosity and mineral trapping of CO2. For the northern region, our work has predicted low reactivity of the Precipice Sandstone, with mineral trapping in the Evergreen Formation. The Precipice Sandstone sampled in the Moonie field has different mineralogical characteristics to wells in the Northern region. Here, CO2-water-rock predictions indicate minor alteration of plagioclase and K-feldspar to kaolinite, chalcedony and ankerite in cleaner Moonie sandstones, with additionally precipitation of smectite in clay rich sands. Formation water pH was buffered between 5 and 6 by dissolution of calcite or siderite cements. Sampled core has also shown evidence of previous natural CO2 and hydrothermal fluid alteration, fractured quartz grains, and fracture fills with mineral trapping as carbonates. This type of natural analogue data is vital to validate long term predictions. New drill core and data are still required in future for the southern and central Surat Basin region which is most prospective for CO2 injection and storage.
Surat盆地是澳大利亚陆上最有潜力的二氧化碳储存盆地之一。对崖岩组和常绿组作为未来的CO2储层-封存对的可行性进行了评价。在这里,我们将重点关注预测的二氧化碳-水-岩反应。这些预测依赖于钻芯的矿物和孔隙度数据。数据来自盆地北部和两个南部地区。北部地区的数据更为丰富。南部地区除穆尼油田外,岩心多,资料稀疏。从Moonie和盆地其他地区的存档井芯中收集了额外的钻孔岩芯样本。对岩心样品进行孔隙度、矿物和金属含量表征,建立地球化学模型,预测局部CO2-水-岩反应及其对储层结垢、孔隙度变化和CO2矿物捕获的潜在影响。在北部地区,我们的工作预测了悬崖砂岩的低反应性,在常绿组中有矿物捕获。穆尼油田的断崖砂岩样品与北部地区的井具有不同的矿物学特征。在这里,二氧化碳-水-岩预测表明,在较清洁的Moonie砂岩中,斜长石和钾长石向高岭石、玉玉石和铁白云石发生了轻微的变化,在富含粘土的砂岩中,蒙脱石也发生了额外的降水。由于方解石或菱铁矿胶结物的溶解作用,地层水的pH值被缓冲在5 ~ 6之间。岩心样品还显示了以前的天然CO2和热液蚀变、破碎的石英颗粒和以碳酸盐为捕获物的裂缝充填物的证据。这种类型的自然模拟数据对于验证长期预测至关重要。在最具CO2注入和封存潜力的Surat盆地南部和中部地区,未来仍需要新的岩心和数据。
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引用次数: 4
Inversion of magnetotellurics data with enhanced structural fidelity 增强结构保真度的大地电磁资料反演
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12073124
F. Golfre' Andreasi, S. Re, F. Ceci, L. Masnaghetti
Summary The magnetotelluric method has been successfully used as a complementary tool in the exploration of foothill plays but its intrinsic non-uniqueness and its reduced structural fidelity, with respect to a seismic section, make its interpretation more complex. Since the solution of a non-unique inverse problem is heavily dependent on its starting point, a traditional method to tackle the non-uniqueness relies on the careful definition of the starting model, used as a tool for injecting the available a-priori information into the inverse problem. We present an alternative approach to the exploitation of the a-priori knowledge that, instead of embedding it into the starting model, relies on the continuous assimilation of the structural/geological information into the resistivity volume. The method we propose for the inversion of the MT soundings tries to maximize, simultaneously, the data-fit and the structural fidelity. We discuss the advantages deriving from the application of this technique by mean of a synthetic example representative of a foothills play.
大地电磁法已成功地作为一种补充工具用于山麓油气藏勘探,但其固有的非独特性和相对于地震剖面的结构保真度降低,使其解释更加复杂。由于非唯一逆问题的解严重依赖于它的起始点,传统的解决非唯一性问题的方法依赖于对起始模型的仔细定义,作为将可用的先验信息注入逆问题的工具。我们提出了一种利用先验知识的替代方法,这种方法不是将先验知识嵌入到初始模型中,而是依赖于将构造/地质信息持续同化到电阻率体积中。我们提出的大地电磁测深反演方法试图同时使数据拟合和结构保真度最大化。我们通过一个具有代表性的山麓油气藏的综合实例来讨论应用该技术所带来的优势。
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引用次数: 2
Collaborating on pre-competitive geophysical projects in the Northern Territory, Australia 在澳大利亚北领地合作开展竞争前的地球物理项目
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/22020586.2019.12073134
T. Dhu, A. McCoy, I. Scrimgeour
Summary This paper reviews three different collaborative approaches that have been applied to acquire precompetitive geophysical data in the Northern Territory. The collaborative structures involve the resource exploration industry, Northern Territory Geological Survey (NTGS) and Geoscience Australia (GA), classified as Industry-led, NTGS-led and GA-led dependent on which group takes the lead role in survey design and project management. Each collaborative structure has different benefits, trading off between project targeting, impact and scale. All three collaborative approaches have successfully contributed to increasing the coverage, resolution, quality and variety of pre-competitive geophysical data within the NT and will continue to be refined and applied into the future.
本文回顾了北领地用于获取竞争前地球物理数据的三种不同的协作方法。合作结构包括资源勘探行业、北领地地质调查局(NTGS)和澳大利亚地球科学(GA),根据哪个部门在调查设计和项目管理中发挥主导作用,分为工业主导、NTGS主导和GA主导。每个协作结构都有不同的好处,在项目目标、影响和规模之间进行权衡。所有这三种合作方法都成功地促进了北部地区竞争前地球物理数据的覆盖范围、分辨率、质量和多样性的增加,并将继续改进和应用于未来。
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引用次数: 1
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ASEG Extended Abstracts
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