Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-CPF-2054
O. Kazakova, O. Dolgikh
Excessive activity of cytokines, as well as their deficiency, promote a regulatory imbalance of immune system, which may cause persistent inflammation and, as a consequence, loss of pregnancy. The purpose of our work was to study the role of cytokine expression in the development of endometriosis in women exposed to excessive environmental contamination with hydroxybenzene. The study involved 106 women of reproductive age, divided into 4 groups according to two criteria: the presence or absence of reproductive disorders (endometriosis), as well as levels of blood contamination with hydroxybenzene compared to the reference ranges. The groups of women were comparable in age, ethnicity, and social status. The level of phenol in blood was measured by gas chromatography, and the cytokine levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The use of parametric and nonparametric statistical criteria as well as adjustments for multiple Bonferoni comparisons, allowed us to establish significant differences between the groups, according to the levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10. The expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in women with endometriosis was found to be significantly higher than in healthy ones. At the same time, the observed features of IL-8, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression correlate with the overproduction of interleukin 10 (IL-10) associated with excessive contamination of bio-environments with hydroxybenzene. The results of using non-parametric correlation analysis of the Spearman data revealed a positive correlation between IL-10 production and hydroxybenzene levels in the blood, as well as inverse relationship between IL-10 and IL-8 expression. Thus, evidence has been obtained of the involvement of exogenous estrogen hydroxybenzene in development of reproductive disorders, probably, formed under active participation of increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine, which, by antagonism to proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-8), seems to promote apparent transition from acute phase of endometriosis to chronic disorder, thus reducing the reproductive potential of women. It is known that IL-8 expression significantly correlates with development of endometriosis, but excessive phenol exposure may increase the anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression, thereby suppressing the activity of IL-8. Suppressed activity of proinflammatory cytokines by phenol may lead to chronic inflammation and impaired reproductive functions.
{"title":"Cytokine profile features in women with reproductive disorders exposed to excessive environmental contamination with hydroxybenzene","authors":"O. Kazakova, O. Dolgikh","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-CPF-2054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-CPF-2054","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive activity of cytokines, as well as their deficiency, promote a regulatory imbalance of immune system, which may cause persistent inflammation and, as a consequence, loss of pregnancy. The purpose of our work was to study the role of cytokine expression in the development of endometriosis in women exposed to excessive environmental contamination with hydroxybenzene. The study involved 106 women of reproductive age, divided into 4 groups according to two criteria: the presence or absence of reproductive disorders (endometriosis), as well as levels of blood contamination with hydroxybenzene compared to the reference ranges. The groups of women were comparable in age, ethnicity, and social status. The level of phenol in blood was measured by gas chromatography, and the cytokine levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The use of parametric and nonparametric statistical criteria as well as adjustments for multiple Bonferoni comparisons, allowed us to establish significant differences between the groups, according to the levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10. The expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in women with endometriosis was found to be significantly higher than in healthy ones. At the same time, the observed features of IL-8, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression correlate with the overproduction of interleukin 10 (IL-10) associated with excessive contamination of bio-environments with hydroxybenzene. The results of using non-parametric correlation analysis of the Spearman data revealed a positive correlation between IL-10 production and hydroxybenzene levels in the blood, as well as inverse relationship between IL-10 and IL-8 expression. Thus, evidence has been obtained of the involvement of exogenous estrogen hydroxybenzene in development of reproductive disorders, probably, formed under active participation of increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine, which, by antagonism to proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-8), seems to promote apparent transition from acute phase of endometriosis to chronic disorder, thus reducing the reproductive potential of women. It is known that IL-8 expression significantly correlates with development of endometriosis, but excessive phenol exposure may increase the anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression, thereby suppressing the activity of IL-8. Suppressed activity of proinflammatory cytokines by phenol may lead to chronic inflammation and impaired reproductive functions.","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47762760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-IOM-2014
S. Kolyvanova, L. F. Kalenova
Permafrost is a unique ecosystem characterized by consistently negative temperatures. It has been shown that microorganisms can be there in a state of hypometabolism or anabiosis during geological time. It is known that microorganisms occupy a wide habitat due to the presence of multifunctional systems of adaptation and communication. One of the manifestations of these systems is the production of secondary metabolites (MBs), which include signaling molecules that do not have strict species specificity. The biological activity of signaling molecules largely depends on the number of bacterial cells and the temperature of their cultivation.In this work we used secondary MBs of Bacillus sp. from Permafrost obtained at different temperatures of microorganism cultivation (at -5 °C – “cold” MBs and at 37 °C – “warm” MBs) in doses of 0,05 × 106 (small dose) of microbial cells (m.cl.) in ml of saline or 500 × 106 (high dose) m.cl./ml. The influence of MB of Bacillus sp. for the TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-2, IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-10 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) in supernatants of 24-hour cell cultures was estimated by ELISA whith using the “VectorBEST” test system (Russia) on a LUCY-2 (ANTHOS) spectrophotometer (Austria).It was found that the activity of synthesis by human MNC of the main spectrum of cytokines significantly increased (p < 0.01 for all indicators) under the influence of MB Bacillus sp. regardless of the temperature of their cultivation and the dose of bacteria. The exception was IL-8, the level of which under the influence of a high dose of “warm” MBs didn’t differ from the control. Compared to PHA the cytokines synthesis by MNC depended on the dose and the temperature of obtaining of MBs. Thus, under the influence of “warm” MBs the level of TNFα was significantly lower than its level under the influence of PHA regardless of the dose. Regardless of the temperature of obtaining metabolites the level of IL-8 under the influence of metabolites from a dose of 500 × 106 m.cl. was reduced relative to the PHA group. Comparison of the influence of “warm” and “cold” MBs of Bacillus sp. showed that small doses of “cold” metabolites to a greater extent stimulate the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ). High doses of “heat” metabolites of Bacillus sp. to a greater extent they activate human MNCs for the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL- 4 and IL-10). Considering that TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 are cytokines of systemic action and are responsible not only for the activation of the immune system, but also for the mobilization of other regulatory systems of the organism, it can be assumed that the secondary metabolites of microorganisms from Permafrost will be efficient as a substrate for the development of new immunomodulators and adaptogens in the future.
{"title":"Influence of metabolites of microorganisms from permafrost on the synthesis cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro","authors":"S. Kolyvanova, L. F. Kalenova","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-IOM-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-IOM-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Permafrost is a unique ecosystem characterized by consistently negative temperatures. It has been shown that microorganisms can be there in a state of hypometabolism or anabiosis during geological time. It is known that microorganisms occupy a wide habitat due to the presence of multifunctional systems of adaptation and communication. One of the manifestations of these systems is the production of secondary metabolites (MBs), which include signaling molecules that do not have strict species specificity. The biological activity of signaling molecules largely depends on the number of bacterial cells and the temperature of their cultivation.In this work we used secondary MBs of Bacillus sp. from Permafrost obtained at different temperatures of microorganism cultivation (at -5 °C – “cold” MBs and at 37 °C – “warm” MBs) in doses of 0,05 × 106 (small dose) of microbial cells (m.cl.) in ml of saline or 500 × 106 (high dose) m.cl./ml. The influence of MB of Bacillus sp. for the TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-2, IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-10 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) in supernatants of 24-hour cell cultures was estimated by ELISA whith using the “VectorBEST” test system (Russia) on a LUCY-2 (ANTHOS) spectrophotometer (Austria).It was found that the activity of synthesis by human MNC of the main spectrum of cytokines significantly increased (p < 0.01 for all indicators) under the influence of MB Bacillus sp. regardless of the temperature of their cultivation and the dose of bacteria. The exception was IL-8, the level of which under the influence of a high dose of “warm” MBs didn’t differ from the control. Compared to PHA the cytokines synthesis by MNC depended on the dose and the temperature of obtaining of MBs. Thus, under the influence of “warm” MBs the level of TNFα was significantly lower than its level under the influence of PHA regardless of the dose. Regardless of the temperature of obtaining metabolites the level of IL-8 under the influence of metabolites from a dose of 500 × 106 m.cl. was reduced relative to the PHA group. Comparison of the influence of “warm” and “cold” MBs of Bacillus sp. showed that small doses of “cold” metabolites to a greater extent stimulate the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ). High doses of “heat” metabolites of Bacillus sp. to a greater extent they activate human MNCs for the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL- 4 and IL-10). Considering that TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 are cytokines of systemic action and are responsible not only for the activation of the immune system, but also for the mobilization of other regulatory systems of the organism, it can be assumed that the secondary metabolites of microorganisms from Permafrost will be efficient as a substrate for the development of new immunomodulators and adaptogens in the future.","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48225508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-EOB-2008
D. Chudakov, O. Kotsareva, D. S. Tsaregorotseva, E. Kashirina, G. Fattakhova
At the present time, the efforts of many research groups around the world are aimed at finding new factors triggering the allergic sensitization process linked with IgE synthesis to harmless allergens. According to the recent data, production of tissue cytokines is induced in tissue cells by alarmins, thus, in turn, eliciting pro-allergic immune response. Previously we have shown that β-alanine could be a potential alarmin capable to stimulate production of tissue cytokines. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of β-alanine on humoral immune response in low-dose allergy model. BALB/c mice were immunized by recombinant Asp f 2 protein or commercial ovalbumin (OVA) in the withers 3 times a week with or without β-alanine supplementation. To determine the mechanism of β-alanine effect, α-L-alanine, an isomer which is not MrgD receptor ligand, and β-aminoisobutyrate with β-alanine-like affinity to MrgD ligand, were compared. According to our data, β-alanine stimulated specific IgE and IgG1 production in a short-term course (7 immunizations) and enhanced antibody affinity after long-term (14 immunizations) protocol in the case of low-immunogenic protein Asp f 2. In the case of high-immunogenic OVA protein, the impact of β-alanine was significant only upon antibody affinity. Hence, β-alanine accelerates specific IgE production in the case of low-immunogenic protein. The impact of β-alanine on specific IgE production was not linked to specific MrgD receptor activation, because β-aminoisobutyrate, which is the other ligand of this receptor, did not have a similar effect upon humoral immune response. The effect of β-alanine on IgG1 production seems also independent of MrgD receptor, since the common proteinogenic amino acid α-L-alanine also enhanced specific IgG1 production. The effect of β-alanine on humoral immune response could be linked to its non-specific action, e.g., due to its ability to induce oxidative stress through blocking taurine transporter, or due to its ability to stimulate cellular metabolism.
目前，世界各地许多研究小组的努力旨在寻找与IgE合成相关的过敏致敏过程的新因素，以对抗无害的过敏原。根据最近的数据，危言耸听在组织细胞中诱导组织细胞因子的产生，从而引发促过敏免疫反应。以前我们已经证明，β-丙氨酸可能是一种潜在的危言耸听蛋白，能够刺激组织细胞因子的产生。本工作的目的是确定β-丙氨酸对低剂量变态反应模型中体液免疫反应的影响。用重组Asp f2蛋白或商品卵清蛋白（OVA）免疫BALB/c小鼠，每周3次，添加或不添加β-丙氨酸。为了确定β-丙氨酸效应的机制，比较了非MrgD受体配体的异构体α-L-丙氨酸和对MrgD配体具有β-丙氨酸样亲和力的β-氨基异丁酸。根据我们的数据，在低免疫原性蛋白Asp f 2的情况下，β-丙氨酸在短期内（7次免疫）刺激特异性IgE和IgG1的产生，并在长期（14次免疫）方案后增强抗体亲和力。在高免疫原性OVA蛋白的情况下，β-丙氨酸的影响仅对抗体亲和力显著。因此，在低免疫原性蛋白质的情况下，β-丙氨酸加速特异性IgE的产生。β-丙氨酸对特异性IgE产生的影响与特异性MrgD受体的激活无关，因为该受体的另一个配体β-氨基异丁酸对体液免疫反应没有类似的影响。β-丙氨酸对IgG1产生的影响似乎也与MrgD受体无关，因为常见的蛋白质生成氨基酸α-L-丙氨酸也增强了特异性IgG1的产生。β-丙氨酸对体液免疫反应的影响可能与其非特异性作用有关，例如，由于其通过阻断牛磺酸转运蛋白诱导氧化应激的能力，或由于其刺激细胞代谢的能力。
{"title":"Effect of β-alanine on humoral immune response in low-dose allergy model","authors":"D. Chudakov, O. Kotsareva, D. S. Tsaregorotseva, E. Kashirina, G. Fattakhova","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-EOB-2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-EOB-2008","url":null,"abstract":"At the present time, the efforts of many research groups around the world are aimed at finding new factors triggering the allergic sensitization process linked with IgE synthesis to harmless allergens. According to the recent data, production of tissue cytokines is induced in tissue cells by alarmins, thus, in turn, eliciting pro-allergic immune response. Previously we have shown that β-alanine could be a potential alarmin capable to stimulate production of tissue cytokines. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of β-alanine on humoral immune response in low-dose allergy model. BALB/c mice were immunized by recombinant Asp f 2 protein or commercial ovalbumin (OVA) in the withers 3 times a week with or without β-alanine supplementation. To determine the mechanism of β-alanine effect, α-L-alanine, an isomer which is not MrgD receptor ligand, and β-aminoisobutyrate with β-alanine-like affinity to MrgD ligand, were compared. According to our data, β-alanine stimulated specific IgE and IgG1 production in a short-term course (7 immunizations) and enhanced antibody affinity after long-term (14 immunizations) protocol in the case of low-immunogenic protein Asp f 2. In the case of high-immunogenic OVA protein, the impact of β-alanine was significant only upon antibody affinity. Hence, β-alanine accelerates specific IgE production in the case of low-immunogenic protein. The impact of β-alanine on specific IgE production was not linked to specific MrgD receptor activation, because β-aminoisobutyrate, which is the other ligand of this receptor, did not have a similar effect upon humoral immune response. The effect of β-alanine on IgG1 production seems also independent of MrgD receptor, since the common proteinogenic amino acid α-L-alanine also enhanced specific IgG1 production. The effect of β-alanine on humoral immune response could be linked to its non-specific action, e.g., due to its ability to induce oxidative stress through blocking taurine transporter, or due to its ability to stimulate cellular metabolism.","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45091624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-CCO-2074
A. A. Barilo, S. Smirnova, I. M. Olyanina
Alopecia areata is a common inflammatory immune-mediated disorder in which autoimmune response is triggered against hair follicles, thus leading to non-scarring hair loss on the scalp, face and other parts of the skin. Despite numerous studies concerning this issue, today there is no consensus on the etiology and pathogenesis of focal alopecia. In the literature, special attention is paid to association of focal alopecia with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, autoimmune thyroiditis, vitiligo. Recent studies have identified the association of focal alopecia with atopic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis) and the early debut of severe forms of hair loss. The aim of this study was to present a clinical case of focal alopecia in an 8-year-old girl with atopic bronchial asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. As based on detection of eosinophilia in peripheral blood and a high concentration of total IgE in serum, one may assume that atopic alopecia is the cause of focal hair losses in a child with atopy. The patient underwent skin prick testing, in order to determine sensitization for food components, pollen and fungal allergens. As a result of skin testing, a hyperergic reaction (> 15 mm in diameter) to tree pollen was revealed, a positive response (6-9 mm) to oatmeal, a weakly positive reaction (3-5 mm) to whole chicken egg, carrots, tomato, apple, pear, pollen of meadow, cereal, weed grasses was also revealed. With regard of these allergological data, an individual diet was recommended with the elimination of causally significant allergens (including those eliciting weakly positive reactions), external treatment, i.e., topical calcineurin inhibitors administered for 1 month. One month later, an improvement of the pathological process was registered, and 6 months from the start of therapy, complete restoration of hair follicles was noted in the focus of alopecia. The patient was monitored for a year, no complaints of hair loss were noted. The positive effect of elimination against the background of the appropriate elimination diet with respect to causally significant allergens, was also noted when treating her for respiratory allergy, i.e., the patient did not have seasonal manifestations of hay fever over the next pollination period. This clinical case is demonstrated in order to draw special attention of dermatologists, allergologists, immunologists, general practitioners to the issues of focal alopecia in children against the background of typical allergic diseases.
{"title":"Сlinical case of focal alopecia in a child with atopy","authors":"A. A. Barilo, S. Smirnova, I. M. Olyanina","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-CCO-2074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-CCO-2074","url":null,"abstract":"Alopecia areata is a common inflammatory immune-mediated disorder in which autoimmune response is triggered against hair follicles, thus leading to non-scarring hair loss on the scalp, face and other parts of the skin. Despite numerous studies concerning this issue, today there is no consensus on the etiology and pathogenesis of focal alopecia. In the literature, special attention is paid to association of focal alopecia with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, autoimmune thyroiditis, vitiligo. Recent studies have identified the association of focal alopecia with atopic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis) and the early debut of severe forms of hair loss. The aim of this study was to present a clinical case of focal alopecia in an 8-year-old girl with atopic bronchial asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. As based on detection of eosinophilia in peripheral blood and a high concentration of total IgE in serum, one may assume that atopic alopecia is the cause of focal hair losses in a child with atopy. The patient underwent skin prick testing, in order to determine sensitization for food components, pollen and fungal allergens. As a result of skin testing, a hyperergic reaction (> 15 mm in diameter) to tree pollen was revealed, a positive response (6-9 mm) to oatmeal, a weakly positive reaction (3-5 mm) to whole chicken egg, carrots, tomato, apple, pear, pollen of meadow, cereal, weed grasses was also revealed. With regard of these allergological data, an individual diet was recommended with the elimination of causally significant allergens (including those eliciting weakly positive reactions), external treatment, i.e., topical calcineurin inhibitors administered for 1 month. One month later, an improvement of the pathological process was registered, and 6 months from the start of therapy, complete restoration of hair follicles was noted in the focus of alopecia. The patient was monitored for a year, no complaints of hair loss were noted. The positive effect of elimination against the background of the appropriate elimination diet with respect to causally significant allergens, was also noted when treating her for respiratory allergy, i.e., the patient did not have seasonal manifestations of hay fever over the next pollination period. This clinical case is demonstrated in order to draw special attention of dermatologists, allergologists, immunologists, general practitioners to the issues of focal alopecia in children against the background of typical allergic diseases.","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42376642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-CIT-2013
A. Shabaldin, S. V. Grivtsova, N. S. Deeva, S. Shmulevich, A. Tsepokina, A. A. Anikeenko, E. Shabaldina, G. Vavin
This study is aimed to investigate the effect of female autoserum on the HLA-DR expression in various subpopulations of lymphocytes obtained from spouses with children with sporadic congenital heart defects without chromosomal diseases. 78 married couples with children with congenital heart disease were included in the study group. The control group was formed from 35 married couples with healthy children. The immune response in a mixed culture of lymphocytes of spouses was evaluated by an increased HLA-DR expression in a mixed culture in relation to spontaneous cultures of lymphocytes. Primary staining of female and male lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies to CD45 conjugated with various fluorescent dyes (PC-5 and PC-7) was performed to assess the immune response of female lymphocytes to male ones and vice versa. The activating effect of female autoserum on all subpopulations of female lymphocytes simultaneously occurred significantly less frequently in the study group compared to the control. The control group was characterized by the domination of the positive effect of female autoserum on HLA-DR expression for all subpopulations of female lymphocyte. For all female lymphocytes having HLA-DR molecule on its membrane, the blocking effect of female autoserum in the study group was significantly more expressed in relation to the control group. Thus, the effect of female autoserum is manifested in relation to the HLA-DR expression on its own lymphocytes, but not on the lymphocytes of the spouse.
{"title":"Changes in the expression of HLA-DR on lymphocyte subpopulations of spouses having children with sporadic congenital heart defects without chromosomal diseases, under the influence of female’s autoserum","authors":"A. Shabaldin, S. V. Grivtsova, N. S. Deeva, S. Shmulevich, A. Tsepokina, A. A. Anikeenko, E. Shabaldina, G. Vavin","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-CIT-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-CIT-2013","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed to investigate the effect of female autoserum on the HLA-DR expression in various subpopulations of lymphocytes obtained from spouses with children with sporadic congenital heart defects without chromosomal diseases. 78 married couples with children with congenital heart disease were included in the study group. The control group was formed from 35 married couples with healthy children. The immune response in a mixed culture of lymphocytes of spouses was evaluated by an increased HLA-DR expression in a mixed culture in relation to spontaneous cultures of lymphocytes. Primary staining of female and male lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies to CD45 conjugated with various fluorescent dyes (PC-5 and PC-7) was performed to assess the immune response of female lymphocytes to male ones and vice versa. The activating effect of female autoserum on all subpopulations of female lymphocytes simultaneously occurred significantly less frequently in the study group compared to the control. The control group was characterized by the domination of the positive effect of female autoserum on HLA-DR expression for all subpopulations of female lymphocyte. For all female lymphocytes having HLA-DR molecule on its membrane, the blocking effect of female autoserum in the study group was significantly more expressed in relation to the control group. Thus, the effect of female autoserum is manifested in relation to the HLA-DR expression on its own lymphocytes, but not on the lymphocytes of the spouse.","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-AOM-1977
P. Obukhova, A. Kachanov, N. Pozdnyakova, M. M. Ziganshina
The mother and fetus incompatibility due to Rh-factor, blood group or other blood factors can lead to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN). HDN is a clinical disease condition of the fetus and newborn as a result of hemolysis, when maternal IgG alloantibodies cross the placenta and destroy the red blood cells of the fetus and newborn. The child disease begins in utero and can dramatically increase immediately after birth. As a result, hyperbilirubinemia and anemia develop, that can lead to abortions, serious complications, or death of the neonates in the absence of proper therapy. The range of HDN has changed significantly now compared to previous decades. Half a century ago, HDN was considered an almost complete synonym of RhD-alloimmunization, and this was a frequent problem for newborns. By now due to the high effective of Rh-conflict prevention, immunological AB0-conflicts have become the most common cause of HDN. The review aimes to one of the main causes of jaundice and anemia in neonates at present, i.e. HDN due to immunological AB0-conflict of mother and newborn (AB0-HDN). The main participants of the AВ0- incompatibility mother and child are considered, namely A- and B-glycans, as well as the corresponding anti-glycan alloantibodies. Close attention is paid to the structure features of glycan alloantigens on the red blood cells of the fetus and adult. The possible correlation of the frequency and severity of HDN with the blood group of mother and child, as well as with the titer of maternal alloantibodies, has been considered. The influence of immunoglobulin G subclasses on the AB0-HDN development has been evaluated. In most cases, AB0-HDN appear when the mother has the blood group 0, and the fetus has the group A (subgroup A1) or the group B. Other rare incidences of AB0-incompatibility with severe course are occurred. As a whole the etiology of AB0-HDN is complex and the HDN severity is influenced by many factors. The authors have analyzed statistical data, as well as the prevalence of AB0-incompatibility and AB0-HDN in various regions of the world. Current approaches to the diagnosis of AB0-HDN are discussed in addition. By now the problems of AB0- HDN occurrence and developing of ways to overcome this disease remain relevant.
{"title":"AB0-incompatibility of mother and fetus: the role of anti-glycan alloantibodies in the hemolytic disease of newborns","authors":"P. Obukhova, A. Kachanov, N. Pozdnyakova, M. M. Ziganshina","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-AOM-1977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-AOM-1977","url":null,"abstract":"The mother and fetus incompatibility due to Rh-factor, blood group or other blood factors can lead to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN). HDN is a clinical disease condition of the fetus and newborn as a result of hemolysis, when maternal IgG alloantibodies cross the placenta and destroy the red blood cells of the fetus and newborn. The child disease begins in utero and can dramatically increase immediately after birth. As a result, hyperbilirubinemia and anemia develop, that can lead to abortions, serious complications, or death of the neonates in the absence of proper therapy. The range of HDN has changed significantly now compared to previous decades. Half a century ago, HDN was considered an almost complete synonym of RhD-alloimmunization, and this was a frequent problem for newborns. By now due to the high effective of Rh-conflict prevention, immunological AB0-conflicts have become the most common cause of HDN. The review aimes to one of the main causes of jaundice and anemia in neonates at present, i.e. HDN due to immunological AB0-conflict of mother and newborn (AB0-HDN). The main participants of the AВ0- incompatibility mother and child are considered, namely A- and B-glycans, as well as the corresponding anti-glycan alloantibodies. Close attention is paid to the structure features of glycan alloantigens on the red blood cells of the fetus and adult. The possible correlation of the frequency and severity of HDN with the blood group of mother and child, as well as with the titer of maternal alloantibodies, has been considered. The influence of immunoglobulin G subclasses on the AB0-HDN development has been evaluated. In most cases, AB0-HDN appear when the mother has the blood group 0, and the fetus has the group A (subgroup A1) or the group B. Other rare incidences of AB0-incompatibility with severe course are occurred. As a whole the etiology of AB0-HDN is complex and the HDN severity is influenced by many factors. The authors have analyzed statistical data, as well as the prevalence of AB0-incompatibility and AB0-HDN in various regions of the world. Current approaches to the diagnosis of AB0-HDN are discussed in addition. By now the problems of AB0- HDN occurrence and developing of ways to overcome this disease remain relevant.","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48216754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-ECO-2120
A. Lazareva, O. Kolenchukova, S. Smirnova
Allergy is a sufficient social and economic issue of modern times. Altered immunity in allergic disorders is based, mainly, on the lymphocyte disturbances.Immune characteristics depend both on populations and subpopulational profile of immune cells, and on intrinsic intensity and specific features of theirintracellular metabolism. Interest to studies of intracellular metabolism of lymphocytes id determined by high-scale energetic and plastic processes aimed for support of immune homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of intracellular metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patients with respiratory allergies of different genesis and respiratory affection.The study included patients with various clinical variants of respiratory allergy (n = 152) at the age of 21 to 63 years old, and virtually healthy blood donors (n = 209), comparable for age and sex. Within these cohorts, we have separately analyzed, e.g., respiratory atopy (atopic rhinosinusitis and atopic bronchial asthma), as well as respiratory pseudoatopy (polypous rhinosinusitis and asthmatic triad). Allergic disorders of upper respiratory ways were diagnosed in a complex clinical examination by allergologist/immunologist and otorhinolaryngologists. Bronchial asthma verification was based on current GINA criteria (2014). We used m standard common clinical methods and specific allergological diagnostics, e.g., allergological anamnesis, skin prick tests, with different non-infectious allergens, measurement of total and specific IgE’s with ELISA method. The parameters of intracellular metabolism of peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined with bioluminescent technique with bacterial luciferase. Actifity of NAD(P) and NAD(P)H enzymes was measured.Dehydrogenase activities in lymphocytes were expressed as enzyme un its (EU, 1 unit = 1 mcmol/min) per 104 cells.Certain changes of intracellular activities in peripheral lymphocytes are revealed, dependent on genesis and origin of allergic inflammation, and affection level of respiratory ways. In respiratory atopy (atopic rhinosinusitis and atopic bronchial asthma), irrelevant on the level of respiratory affection, the activities of intracellular enzymes suggest increased plastic processes that are maximally pronounced in atopic bronchial asthma. In respiratory pseudoatopy (polypous rhinosinusitis and asthmatic triad) the metabolic changes of lymphocytes presume activation of both plastic and energetic processes, with decreased intensity in asthmatic triad condition. Independent on genesis of respiratory allergic inflammation, we have determined low activity of NAD(P)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, and NAD(H)-dependent lactate dehydrogenase in allergic inflammation of upper respiratory ways (atopic rhinosinusitis and polypous). Its activity is statistically higher in bronchial asthma (atopic bronchial asthma and asthmatic triad.
{"title":"Enzymatic characterization of blood lymphocytes in various clinical and pathogenetic variants of respiratory allergy","authors":"A. Lazareva, O. Kolenchukova, S. Smirnova","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-ECO-2120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-ECO-2120","url":null,"abstract":"Allergy is a sufficient social and economic issue of modern times. Altered immunity in allergic disorders is based, mainly, on the lymphocyte disturbances.Immune characteristics depend both on populations and subpopulational profile of immune cells, and on intrinsic intensity and specific features of theirintracellular metabolism. Interest to studies of intracellular metabolism of lymphocytes id determined by high-scale energetic and plastic processes aimed for support of immune homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of intracellular metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patients with respiratory allergies of different genesis and respiratory affection.The study included patients with various clinical variants of respiratory allergy (n = 152) at the age of 21 to 63 years old, and virtually healthy blood donors (n = 209), comparable for age and sex. Within these cohorts, we have separately analyzed, e.g., respiratory atopy (atopic rhinosinusitis and atopic bronchial asthma), as well as respiratory pseudoatopy (polypous rhinosinusitis and asthmatic triad). Allergic disorders of upper respiratory ways were diagnosed in a complex clinical examination by allergologist/immunologist and otorhinolaryngologists. Bronchial asthma verification was based on current GINA criteria (2014). We used m standard common clinical methods and specific allergological diagnostics, e.g., allergological anamnesis, skin prick tests, with different non-infectious allergens, measurement of total and specific IgE’s with ELISA method. The parameters of intracellular metabolism of peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined with bioluminescent technique with bacterial luciferase. Actifity of NAD(P) and NAD(P)H enzymes was measured.Dehydrogenase activities in lymphocytes were expressed as enzyme un its (EU, 1 unit = 1 mcmol/min) per 104 cells.Certain changes of intracellular activities in peripheral lymphocytes are revealed, dependent on genesis and origin of allergic inflammation, and affection level of respiratory ways. In respiratory atopy (atopic rhinosinusitis and atopic bronchial asthma), irrelevant on the level of respiratory affection, the activities of intracellular enzymes suggest increased plastic processes that are maximally pronounced in atopic bronchial asthma. In respiratory pseudoatopy (polypous rhinosinusitis and asthmatic triad) the metabolic changes of lymphocytes presume activation of both plastic and energetic processes, with decreased intensity in asthmatic triad condition. Independent on genesis of respiratory allergic inflammation, we have determined low activity of NAD(P)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, and NAD(H)-dependent lactate dehydrogenase in allergic inflammation of upper respiratory ways (atopic rhinosinusitis and polypous). Its activity is statistically higher in bronchial asthma (atopic bronchial asthma and asthmatic triad.","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47634704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-PFA-1980
Y. Denisenko, T. Novgorodtseva, V. Knyshova, M. Antonyuk
{"title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid status of leukocyte membranes in COPD patients","authors":"Y. Denisenko, T. Novgorodtseva, V. Knyshova, M. Antonyuk","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-PFA-1980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-PFA-1980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42605164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-GIV-2070
V. Mineev, M. Nyoma, L. Sorokina, P. V. Bryukhanova, D. E. Koksharova
The first studies were published on the possible pathogenetic role of so-called ectopically localized taste receptors in bronchial asthma. The receptors for bitter and sweet taste, may, apparently, have opposite functions, but in available literature there is no data on the balance of sensitivity for bitter and sweet tastes in the same patients with bronchial asthma. The aim of the present work is to simultaneously assess the sensitivity of canonical lingual receptors to bitter and sweet taste in the same patients with different clinical variants of bronchial asthma by methods applicable in wide clinical practice. 16 healthy persons and 35 patients with bronchial asthma were examined at the M.V. Chernorutsky Clinics of Hospital Therapy at First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University. The sensitivity for bitter taste was assessed using The Frey Scientific 569885 PTC Taste Paper test strip kit containing phenylthiourea solution. Sucrose solutions at concentrations of 0.3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8; 0,9 % for determination of individual value of taste thresholds to sweet taste were used. The bitter-to-sweet taste sensitivity balance was assessed on the basis of an original “bitter/sweet taste sensitivity” index. The highest values of index of bitter/sweet taste was found in the allergic variant of bronchial asthma: its values are significantly different from those in healthy persons only at low sucrose concentrations (0.3-0.4%). The factor analysis revealed an association between taste imbalance (a shift towards high sensitivity to sweet taste) and key characteristics of bronchial asthma, including severity of bronchial asthma course, duration of inhaled glucocorticosteroid use and inefficiency of β2-agonists use at pre-clinical stage. It has been revealed by gustometry that in the allergic variant of bronchial asthma there is a decreased sensitivity for bitter test substance (phenylthiourea), along with higher sensitivity for sweet taste (sucrose).
{"title":"Gustometry in various variants of bronchial asthma: Sensitivity thresholds for bitter and sweet tast","authors":"V. Mineev, M. Nyoma, L. Sorokina, P. V. Bryukhanova, D. E. Koksharova","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-GIV-2070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-GIV-2070","url":null,"abstract":"The first studies were published on the possible pathogenetic role of so-called ectopically localized taste receptors in bronchial asthma. The receptors for bitter and sweet taste, may, apparently, have opposite functions, but in available literature there is no data on the balance of sensitivity for bitter and sweet tastes in the same patients with bronchial asthma. The aim of the present work is to simultaneously assess the sensitivity of canonical lingual receptors to bitter and sweet taste in the same patients with different clinical variants of bronchial asthma by methods applicable in wide clinical practice. 16 healthy persons and 35 patients with bronchial asthma were examined at the M.V. Chernorutsky Clinics of Hospital Therapy at First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University. The sensitivity for bitter taste was assessed using The Frey Scientific 569885 PTC Taste Paper test strip kit containing phenylthiourea solution. Sucrose solutions at concentrations of 0.3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8; 0,9 % for determination of individual value of taste thresholds to sweet taste were used. The bitter-to-sweet taste sensitivity balance was assessed on the basis of an original “bitter/sweet taste sensitivity” index. The highest values of index of bitter/sweet taste was found in the allergic variant of bronchial asthma: its values are significantly different from those in healthy persons only at low sucrose concentrations (0.3-0.4%). The factor analysis revealed an association between taste imbalance (a shift towards high sensitivity to sweet taste) and key characteristics of bronchial asthma, including severity of bronchial asthma course, duration of inhaled glucocorticosteroid use and inefficiency of β2-agonists use at pre-clinical stage. It has been revealed by gustometry that in the allergic variant of bronchial asthma there is a decreased sensitivity for bitter test substance (phenylthiourea), along with higher sensitivity for sweet taste (sucrose).","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41451105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-CVI-2089
E. Sobko, I. Demko, I. Soloveva, A. Kraposhina, N. Gordeeva, D. Anikin, N. Pronkina, O. Ischenko
Primary immunodeficiency is a rare congenital pathology associated with failure of immune system, manifested by disturbances of its functions. These defects lead to increased susceptibility of patients to various infectious agents, as well as the development of autoimmune, malignant and other diseases. Primary immunodeficiency is classified as a rare disease, which was previously associated with a poor prognosis with a high risk of mortality in childhood. To date, the emergence of highly effective treatment methods has changed the course and prognosis of these diseases. Clinicians of various specialties increasingly meet with this pathology in everyday practice, including adult age cohorts. In this regard, early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency in adults becomes relevant, being associated with choosing optimal therapy, prevention of severe internal organ damage, determination of management strategy for the patient, as well as the need to identify inherited disorders and provide information to the patient’s family. Delayed verification of the diagnosis may cause disability of the patient and development of irreversible, often fatal complications. This article presents our own clinical case with a newly diagnosed clinical condition: Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID), the most common form of primary immunodeficiency in adults. The symptoms of common variable immunodeficiency disorder appear in these patients in adulthood, but a high-quality collected history of the disease will allow you to trace symptoms in the patients even since early childhood. There is a common gap for several years between the onset of the disease and clinical diagnosis, since erroneous diagnosis is often made due to non-specific clinical symptoms that resemble other, more frequent diseases. The prognosis of patients with CVID depends on several factors: frequency of infections, structural disorders in the lungs, the occurrence of autoimmune diseases and the success of infection prevention. Thus, a variety of clinical forms of primary immunodeficiency, lack of awareness of doctors about this pathology, complexity of immunological examination in the general medical network lead to the fact that CVID is not diagnosed for long terms, and patients do not receive the necessary pathogenetic therapy. There is a need for drawing attention of doctors of various disciplines to the fact that the recurrent inflammatory processes of various localization, which are difficult to respond to adequate traditional therapy, may be caused by changes in the immune system, including congenital, genetically determined immunodeficiency.
{"title":"Common variable immunodeficiency disorder: a clinical case","authors":"E. Sobko, I. Demko, I. Soloveva, A. Kraposhina, N. Gordeeva, D. Anikin, N. Pronkina, O. Ischenko","doi":"10.15789/1563-0625-CVI-2089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-CVI-2089","url":null,"abstract":"Primary immunodeficiency is a rare congenital pathology associated with failure of immune system, manifested by disturbances of its functions. These defects lead to increased susceptibility of patients to various infectious agents, as well as the development of autoimmune, malignant and other diseases. Primary immunodeficiency is classified as a rare disease, which was previously associated with a poor prognosis with a high risk of mortality in childhood. To date, the emergence of highly effective treatment methods has changed the course and prognosis of these diseases. Clinicians of various specialties increasingly meet with this pathology in everyday practice, including adult age cohorts. In this regard, early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency in adults becomes relevant, being associated with choosing optimal therapy, prevention of severe internal organ damage, determination of management strategy for the patient, as well as the need to identify inherited disorders and provide information to the patient’s family. Delayed verification of the diagnosis may cause disability of the patient and development of irreversible, often fatal complications. This article presents our own clinical case with a newly diagnosed clinical condition: Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID), the most common form of primary immunodeficiency in adults. The symptoms of common variable immunodeficiency disorder appear in these patients in adulthood, but a high-quality collected history of the disease will allow you to trace symptoms in the patients even since early childhood. There is a common gap for several years between the onset of the disease and clinical diagnosis, since erroneous diagnosis is often made due to non-specific clinical symptoms that resemble other, more frequent diseases. The prognosis of patients with CVID depends on several factors: frequency of infections, structural disorders in the lungs, the occurrence of autoimmune diseases and the success of infection prevention. Thus, a variety of clinical forms of primary immunodeficiency, lack of awareness of doctors about this pathology, complexity of immunological examination in the general medical network lead to the fact that CVID is not diagnosed for long terms, and patients do not receive the necessary pathogenetic therapy. There is a need for drawing attention of doctors of various disciplines to the fact that the recurrent inflammatory processes of various localization, which are difficult to respond to adequate traditional therapy, may be caused by changes in the immune system, including congenital, genetically determined immunodeficiency.","PeriodicalId":85139,"journal":{"name":"Medical immunology (London, England)","volume":"23 1","pages":"185-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46467793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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