Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000154
A. Cruz-jentoft
Although sarcopenia has been used to define muscle mass loss in older subjects, muscle mass is not directly linked to muscle function. Recent definitions consider sarcopenia as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes, such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. It is closely linked with physical frailty, and also with other muscle wasting disorders, including cachexia and malnutrition. This review focuses on the incorporation of sarcopenia into clinical practice, reviews case finding and diagnosis of sarcopenia, proposes a syndromic approach for the diagnostic work-up of sarcopenic patients, and looks at intervention trials with physical exercise and nutrition, as drugs to treat this condition are not expected to be available in the near future.
{"title":"Sarcopenia: a clinical review","authors":"A. Cruz-jentoft","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000154","url":null,"abstract":"Although sarcopenia has been used to define muscle mass loss in older subjects, muscle mass is not directly linked to muscle function. Recent definitions consider sarcopenia as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes, such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. It is closely linked with physical frailty, and also with other muscle wasting disorders, including cachexia and malnutrition. This review focuses on the incorporation of sarcopenia into clinical practice, reviews case finding and diagnosis of sarcopenia, proposes a syndromic approach for the diagnostic work-up of sarcopenic patients, and looks at intervention trials with physical exercise and nutrition, as drugs to treat this condition are not expected to be available in the near future.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000130
M. Cherry, P. Salmon, J. Dickson, D. Powell, S. Sikdar, J. Ablett
Most individuals with dementia live in the community, receiving care from family or lay carers. Carers’ wellbeing, and the quality of the care they provide, depends on their resilience in the face of the challenges associated with caring for someone with dementia. However, factors associated with carers’ resilience are not yet fully understood. The aim of this review is to present a narrative synthesis of factors, materials and resources associated with carers’ resilience. Electronic and hand searches identified relevant published literature, which was narratively synthesized. A framework consisting of three inter-related domains of factors influencing carers’ resilience emerged, encompassing: social and cultural factors; properties of the care relationship; and carers’ psychological factors. Holistic assessment based on this framework can help practitioners to identify vulnerable carers and to target help on factors that help to make them vulnerable but that are amenable to change.
{"title":"Factors influencing the resilience of carers of individuals with dementia","authors":"M. Cherry, P. Salmon, J. Dickson, D. Powell, S. Sikdar, J. Ablett","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000130","url":null,"abstract":"Most individuals with dementia live in the community, receiving care from family or lay carers. Carers’ wellbeing, and the quality of the care they provide, depends on their resilience in the face of the challenges associated with caring for someone with dementia. However, factors associated with carers’ resilience are not yet fully understood. The aim of this review is to present a narrative synthesis of factors, materials and resources associated with carers’ resilience. Electronic and hand searches identified relevant published literature, which was narratively synthesized. A framework consisting of three inter-related domains of factors influencing carers’ resilience emerged, encompassing: social and cultural factors; properties of the care relationship; and carers’ psychological factors. Holistic assessment based on this framework can help practitioners to identify vulnerable carers and to target help on factors that help to make them vulnerable but that are amenable to change.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"251-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000166
M. Ramos-García, Cf González-Salazar
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a powerful acute treatment for severe and resistant depression. We review literature related to the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ECT in older people, with an emphasis on research studies and reviews published in the last 25 years. In general ECT has been considered a very effective and safe treatment for depression and other psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders in older people. Amnesia is commonly attributed to ECT treatment, but studies suggest that the negative effects of ECT on cognition are probably small in older patients. Currently the balance of risks and benefits of ECT justify its use for severe depression in older patients, both with and without dementia.
{"title":"Electroconvulsive therapy: is there a role for treating older patients?","authors":"M. Ramos-García, Cf González-Salazar","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000166","url":null,"abstract":"Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a powerful acute treatment for severe and resistant depression. We review literature related to the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ECT in older people, with an emphasis on research studies and reviews published in the last 25 years. In general ECT has been considered a very effective and safe treatment for depression and other psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders in older people. Amnesia is commonly attributed to ECT treatment, but studies suggest that the negative effects of ECT on cognition are probably small in older patients. Currently the balance of risks and benefits of ECT justify its use for severe depression in older patients, both with and without dementia.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"283-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000063
P. Boovalingam, N. Shah
{"title":"Transient global amnesia","authors":"P. Boovalingam, N. Shah","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000075
N. Nandi, M. Maddula, O. Sahota
Hip fracture is a common and potentially devastating injury that occurs mainly in older people. The incidence is predicted to rise by 30% in the next 10 years alone. Many of those who recover suffer a loss of mobility and independence. There is growing emphasis to improve the care of patients sustaining hip fracture, especially in those with concurrent cognitive impairment. This review focuses on current best practice as well as several key areas of management, including analgesia, anaemia and nutrition. In doing so, we hope to identify interventions that may form the basis of a future Enhanced Recovery Pathway dedicated to hip fracture care.
{"title":"Improving hip fracture care: striving for excellence","authors":"N. Nandi, M. Maddula, O. Sahota","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000075","url":null,"abstract":"Hip fracture is a common and potentially devastating injury that occurs mainly in older people. The incidence is predicted to rise by 30% in the next 10 years alone. Many of those who recover suffer a loss of mobility and independence. There is growing emphasis to improve the care of patients sustaining hip fracture, especially in those with concurrent cognitive impairment. This review focuses on current best practice as well as several key areas of management, including analgesia, anaemia and nutrition. In doing so, we hope to identify interventions that may form the basis of a future Enhanced Recovery Pathway dedicated to hip fracture care.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"3 1","pages":"223-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000087
A. Abdelhafiz, C. Bailey, J. Russell, M. Nahas
{"title":"Chronic kidney disease in older people","authors":"A. Abdelhafiz, C. Bailey, J. Russell, M. Nahas","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000099
A. Deane, A. Jaafar
{"title":"An update on frailty diagnosis and management","authors":"A. Deane, A. Jaafar","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"196-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000051
M. Karlsson, C. Karlsson, M. Cöster, H. Magnusson, Björn E. Rosengen
Physical training, if including specific different training modalities, reduces the fall risk in healthy community-dwelling older people, as does a home hazards modification programme. Vitamin D supplementation in older individuals with low levels of vitamin D, adjustment of psychotropic medication, and structured modification of multi-pharmacy are all drug-focused programmes that reduce the number of falls. Anti-slip shoe devices during icy conditions for older people who walk outdoors and multifaceted podiatry in patients with specific foot disability reduce the fall risk. First eye cataract surgery and pacemakers in patients with cardio-inhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity are surgical interventions that reduce the fall risk. Multi-factorial preventive programmes that include training, both individually designed and generally prescribed, also reduce the fall frequency. With this in mind, we ought to initiate fall preventive programmes in older people, especially in high-risk groups, to reduce the number of falls and fallers in society.
{"title":"Prevention of falls in old people-a review","authors":"M. Karlsson, C. Karlsson, M. Cöster, H. Magnusson, Björn E. Rosengen","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000051","url":null,"abstract":"Physical training, if including specific different training modalities, reduces the fall risk in healthy community-dwelling older people, as does a home hazards modification programme. Vitamin D supplementation in older individuals with low levels of vitamin D, adjustment of psychotropic medication, and structured modification of multi-pharmacy are all drug-focused programmes that reduce the number of falls. Anti-slip shoe devices during icy conditions for older people who walk outdoors and multifaceted podiatry in patients with specific foot disability reduce the fall risk. First eye cataract surgery and pacemakers in patients with cardio-inhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity are surgical interventions that reduce the fall risk. Multi-factorial preventive programmes that include training, both individually designed and generally prescribed, also reduce the fall frequency. With this in mind, we ought to initiate fall preventive programmes in older people, especially in high-risk groups, to reduce the number of falls and fallers in society.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"206-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000105
R. Purbrick, J. Ah-Chan, S. Downes
{"title":"Eye disease in older people","authors":"R. Purbrick, J. Ah-Chan, S. Downes","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"234-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57029228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259813000014
J. Røsvik, D. Brooker, M. Mjørud, Ø. Kirkevold
The VIPS framework is a four-part definition of person-centred care for people with dementia (PCC), which arose out of an earlier review article for this journal. The definition has assisted in the practical application of person-centred care. It has been operationalized into the VIPS practice model (VPM), which has been subject to a recent randomized controlled trial within Norwegian nursing homes. The VPM provided a vehicle for the VIPS framework to be utilized during reflective practice meetings focusing on understanding care situations from the perspective of residents with moderate to severe dementia. VPM incorporated an education and coaching approach, clearly defined staff roles, and resident-focused outcomes in a cycle to support improvements in quality of care. The use of VPM in practice is discussed. VPM was built utilizing the literature from organizational change. The role of literature reviews in bringing about change in practice is highlighted.
{"title":"What is person-centred care in dementia? Clinical reviews into practice: the development of the VIPS practice model","authors":"J. Røsvik, D. Brooker, M. Mjørud, Ø. Kirkevold","doi":"10.1017/S0959259813000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259813000014","url":null,"abstract":"The VIPS framework is a four-part definition of person-centred care for people with dementia (PCC), which arose out of an earlier review article for this journal. The definition has assisted in the practical application of person-centred care. It has been operationalized into the VIPS practice model (VPM), which has been subject to a recent randomized controlled trial within Norwegian nursing homes. The VPM provided a vehicle for the VIPS framework to be utilized during reflective practice meetings focusing on understanding care situations from the perspective of residents with moderate to severe dementia. VPM incorporated an education and coaching approach, clearly defined staff roles, and resident-focused outcomes in a cycle to support improvements in quality of care. The use of VPM in practice is discussed. VPM was built utilizing the literature from organizational change. The role of literature reviews in bringing about change in practice is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"23 1","pages":"155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259813000014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57028717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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