Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1996
Xianzhong Cao
{"title":"The Structure of Global Innovation Network and Chinese Cities as Its Key Node","authors":"Xianzhong Cao","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72654759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2021
For a long time, human beings did not worry about the consequences of their actions on the environment. However, post the Industrial Revolution, rampant rise in production and consumerism have stressed the earth’s natural resources to such an extent that humans are now making a conscious effort to “go green”. Sustainability has become the new buzzword among academicians, practitioners, scientists, industrialists and students. This paper traces the evolution of the concept in the last forty years in the field of agriculture, following its emergence as a concept, its operationalization, its drivers and barriers and the frameworks that were developed to monitor and measure it. It attempts to provide a comprehensive definition of sustainable agriculture and identify points of divergence and commonalities in the measurement and monitoring frameworks. It highlights the interdisciplinary approach of the concept and the need for convergence of ideas for universal acceptance. Address for correspondence: D. Krishnaveni Research Scholar PSG Institute of Management, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu Phone: (+91) 99400 40246 E-mail: krishnaveni.damodaran@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Man has come a long way since the early days of agriculture where the reliance was on primitive tools, family/community labour, monsoons and conditions such as natural soil fertility and availability of water. Initially, gradual advances were made in production and storage techniques for centuries leading to small improvements which ultimately resulted in large scale commercial agriculture. The Industrial Revolution and developments in production techniques thereafter heralded an era of increased economic activity and consumerism. While it led to further production increases, the next big advance was the manipulation of genetics to create high yielding and pest resistant varieties of crops. These advances eventually translated into development of industrial agriculture and intensive farming techniques characterised by monoculture, use of large sized farms, genetic manipulation of seeds and livestock, reliance on chemical fertilisers and pesticides and breaking away from natural cycles and ecological interdependencies. As the emphasis moved towards “better, cheaper and faster” production techniques, traditional processes and practices were side-lined. With the passage of time however, observed adverse effects on soil, water, organic content, genetic diversity losses and related factors have compelled some farmers and scientists to question the long-term viability of such practices leading to focus on the concept of Sustainable Agriculture.
{"title":"Sustainability Thinking In Agriculture: Review of the Last Four Decades","authors":"","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2021","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time, human beings did not worry about the consequences of their actions on the environment. However, post the Industrial Revolution, rampant rise in production and consumerism have stressed the earth’s natural resources to such an extent that humans are now making a conscious effort to “go green”. Sustainability has become the new buzzword among academicians, practitioners, scientists, industrialists and students. This paper traces the evolution of the concept in the last forty years in the field of agriculture, following its emergence as a concept, its operationalization, its drivers and barriers and the frameworks that were developed to monitor and measure it. It attempts to provide a comprehensive definition of sustainable agriculture and identify points of divergence and commonalities in the measurement and monitoring frameworks. It highlights the interdisciplinary approach of the concept and the need for convergence of ideas for universal acceptance. Address for correspondence: D. Krishnaveni Research Scholar PSG Institute of Management, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu Phone: (+91) 99400 40246 E-mail: krishnaveni.damodaran@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Man has come a long way since the early days of agriculture where the reliance was on primitive tools, family/community labour, monsoons and conditions such as natural soil fertility and availability of water. Initially, gradual advances were made in production and storage techniques for centuries leading to small improvements which ultimately resulted in large scale commercial agriculture. The Industrial Revolution and developments in production techniques thereafter heralded an era of increased economic activity and consumerism. While it led to further production increases, the next big advance was the manipulation of genetics to create high yielding and pest resistant varieties of crops. These advances eventually translated into development of industrial agriculture and intensive farming techniques characterised by monoculture, use of large sized farms, genetic manipulation of seeds and livestock, reliance on chemical fertilisers and pesticides and breaking away from natural cycles and ecological interdependencies. As the emphasis moved towards “better, cheaper and faster” production techniques, traditional processes and practices were side-lined. With the passage of time however, observed adverse effects on soil, water, organic content, genetic diversity losses and related factors have compelled some farmers and scientists to question the long-term viability of such practices leading to focus on the concept of Sustainable Agriculture.","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90642646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2018
S. Rajangam
{"title":"Transmission of Amsams and Genes from 7 Generations","authors":"S. Rajangam","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86575819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2006
{"title":"A Return to Traditional Roots: A Quest for Cultural Emancipation through Traditional Attire in Mphambo Village, Vhembe District of South Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89158569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1943
A. Pervez
{"title":"Landless Rural Women’s Participation in Income Generating Activities (Igas): The Case of Char Dwellers in Northern Bangladesh","authors":"A. Pervez","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1943","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"278 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76789067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2013
Gaurav Papnai
This paper was conducted in the Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand with an objective to find out the information needs and the constraints faced by the farm women covering two blocks. From each block, two villages were selected randomly. By using Probability Proportional to Size sampling method, 25 percent of total farm women from each of the chosen villages were selected randomly. A sample of 120 respondents were included in the study. The results depicted that women were very much interested to know about treatment of animals and animal breeding in the area of dairy farming and also to know more about their health and hygiene. Major constraints expressed by farm women in accessing the information were traditional and cultural norms, domestic responsibilities, not willing to take risk, lack of awareness of the programmes running for the development and illiteracy. Unavailability of extension functionaries, lack of technical guidance, lack of required field staff and inadequate supporting facilities and services were the major technical/extension constraints. *Address for correspondence: Gaurav Papnai ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chinyalisaur, Uttarkashi 249 196, Uttarakhand, India E-mail: gauravpapnai@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Information irregularity at farm level has been observed as one of the main causes for low production and productivity efficiency. Access to accurate, reliable and timely information plays a significant role in the adoption of suitable technology. It enables individuals, groups and communities to realize their full potential and promote sustainable agricultural development (Ansari and Sunetha 2014). Women in India are major producers of food in terms of value, volume and number of hours worked almost 63 percent of all economically active men are occupied in agriculture as compared to 78 percent of women (Banerjee et al. 2016). Active participation of farm women is also increasing in agriculture and allied fields. Although women are involved in farming activities but their skills and knowledge about modern agricultural technologies are remaining extremely low. In order to improve agricultural productivity, the extension system will have to first acknowledge the contribution of farm women in agriculture and allied fields and then initiate appropriate steps for up scaling their knowl-
{"title":"Information Needs and Constraints Faced By Farm Women in Hill Region of Uttarakhand","authors":"Gaurav Papnai","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2013","url":null,"abstract":"This paper was conducted in the Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand with an objective to find out the information needs and the constraints faced by the farm women covering two blocks. From each block, two villages were selected randomly. By using Probability Proportional to Size sampling method, 25 percent of total farm women from each of the chosen villages were selected randomly. A sample of 120 respondents were included in the study. The results depicted that women were very much interested to know about treatment of animals and animal breeding in the area of dairy farming and also to know more about their health and hygiene. Major constraints expressed by farm women in accessing the information were traditional and cultural norms, domestic responsibilities, not willing to take risk, lack of awareness of the programmes running for the development and illiteracy. Unavailability of extension functionaries, lack of technical guidance, lack of required field staff and inadequate supporting facilities and services were the major technical/extension constraints. *Address for correspondence: Gaurav Papnai ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chinyalisaur, Uttarkashi 249 196, Uttarakhand, India E-mail: gauravpapnai@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Information irregularity at farm level has been observed as one of the main causes for low production and productivity efficiency. Access to accurate, reliable and timely information plays a significant role in the adoption of suitable technology. It enables individuals, groups and communities to realize their full potential and promote sustainable agricultural development (Ansari and Sunetha 2014). Women in India are major producers of food in terms of value, volume and number of hours worked almost 63 percent of all economically active men are occupied in agriculture as compared to 78 percent of women (Banerjee et al. 2016). Active participation of farm women is also increasing in agriculture and allied fields. Although women are involved in farming activities but their skills and knowledge about modern agricultural technologies are remaining extremely low. In order to improve agricultural productivity, the extension system will have to first acknowledge the contribution of farm women in agriculture and allied fields and then initiate appropriate steps for up scaling their knowl-","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78416950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1975
M. Tanga, C. Maphosa
Higher education institutions in South Africa are plagued with challenges such as poor academic performance, retention and throughput that need some interventions. The objective of this paper was to examine students’ poor socio-economic backgrounds and poor academic performance and how these affect retention and throughput rates of universities. This paper is based on a review of literature where there was a search for articles from various electronic databases. The findings show that the impediments of poor retention and low throughput facing South African higher education institutions are as a result of students who are inadequately prepared from high school. It is also revealed that the poor academic performance of students is due to their poor socio-economic background. Consequently, most students drop out from university and others take longer time to complete their degrees. It is recommended that universities establish peer academic support programs to mitigate these challenges. Address for correspondence:
{"title":"Socio-Economic Background and Students’ Poor Academic Performance in South African Universities","authors":"M. Tanga, C. Maphosa","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1975","url":null,"abstract":"Higher education institutions in South Africa are plagued with challenges such as poor academic performance, retention and throughput that need some interventions. The objective of this paper was to examine students’ poor socio-economic backgrounds and poor academic performance and how these affect retention and throughput rates of universities. This paper is based on a review of literature where there was a search for articles from various electronic databases. The findings show that the impediments of poor retention and low throughput facing South African higher education institutions are as a result of students who are inadequately prepared from high school. It is also revealed that the poor academic performance of students is due to their poor socio-economic background. Consequently, most students drop out from university and others take longer time to complete their degrees. It is recommended that universities establish peer academic support programs to mitigate these challenges. Address for correspondence:","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86334086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2022
M. Uppal
Three hundred and ninety four (394) male (urban: 229; rural: 165) and 606 female (urban: 384; rural: 222) college students in 16-23 years of age were investigated to find out an impact of lifestyle variables like physical activity, exposure to sun and dietary intake along with anthropometric variables on bone health in urban and rural population. There was a significant difference in mean T-score and Z-score among urban and rural females. Bone mineral density was significantly better in rural males (normal, 60.6%; osteopenia, 37.6%; osteoporosis, 1.8%) compared to urban (normal, 54.6%, osteopenia, 38.0%; osteoporosis, 7.4%) males. Rural females (normal, 51.4%; osteopenia, 45.0%; osteoporosis, 3.6%) too had a better bone health than the urban (normal, 47.1%; osteopenia, 44.8%; osteoporosis, 8.1%) females. Physical activity was cited to have a significant correlation with T-score and Zscore. Protein and calcium intake could be significantly correlated with T-score in urban subjects, and with energy, carbohydrates and phosphorus in rural subjects. Z-score had positive correlation with calcium intake in urban individuals and with energy and carbohydrate in rural subjects. However height, weight and BMI had no impact on BMD.
{"title":"Bone Health in Urban and Rural College-Going Young Adults of District Gurdaspur, Punjab","authors":"M. Uppal","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Three hundred and ninety four (394) male (urban: 229; rural: 165) and 606 female (urban: 384; rural: 222) college students in 16-23 years of age were investigated to find out an impact of lifestyle variables like physical activity, exposure to sun and dietary intake along with anthropometric variables on bone health in urban and rural population. There was a significant difference in mean T-score and Z-score among urban and rural females. Bone mineral density was significantly better in rural males (normal, 60.6%; osteopenia, 37.6%; osteoporosis, 1.8%) compared to urban (normal, 54.6%, osteopenia, 38.0%; osteoporosis, 7.4%) males. Rural females (normal, 51.4%; osteopenia, 45.0%; osteoporosis, 3.6%) too had a better bone health than the urban (normal, 47.1%; osteopenia, 44.8%; osteoporosis, 8.1%) females. Physical activity was cited to have a significant correlation with T-score and Zscore. Protein and calcium intake could be significantly correlated with T-score in urban subjects, and with energy, carbohydrates and phosphorus in rural subjects. Z-score had positive correlation with calcium intake in urban individuals and with energy and carbohydrate in rural subjects. However height, weight and BMI had no impact on BMD.","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87356560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1887
Benedicta A. Ajibade
{"title":"Challenges Experienced by Teachers in Implementing School-Based Continuing Professional Teacher Development in Fort Beaufort Education District in South Africa","authors":"Benedicta A. Ajibade","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"60 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87726930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1918
A. Seçer
{"title":"Factors of Consumer Preferences and Purchasing Behaviors on Dairy Products among Woman’s Intergeneration","authors":"A. Seçer","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77733598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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