Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1998
H. Chinhara
The aim of the study was to establish whether primary schools attaching ECD classes in Chiredzi district in Zimbabwe were catering for the health, nutrition, safety and protection needs of the children with special education needs. The study was underpinned by the Ecological Systems Theory. It adopted a mixed methods approach. The researchers triangulated the following instruments: interviews, questionnaires, observation, document analysis and focus group discussions. The results show that in many schools, children with special education needs’ health and nutrition were, to a very large extent, ignored. Some schools made efforts to provide nutrition to all ECD children, but there were no efforts made to identify specific meals for children with chronic diseases. All the schools did not have legislations to protect such children, resulting in discrimination and abuse. The study recommends more conceited efforts from stakeholders on the health, safety and protection of learners in ECD settings. Address for correspondence: E-mail: Hchinhara@ufh.ac.za INTRODUCTION Early childhood development (ECD) aims at providing young children (0-8 years) the best beginning in life, ensuring that they have a strong foundation for their growth, development, and education (Siraj-Blatchford and Woodhead 2009; UNESCO 1990). Early childhood development should provide services; education and care to children and their families. These services should be directed towards the child’s holistic development providing appropriate health, nutrition, early stimulation education and psychosocial support within the context of the family and the community (Department of Social Development and UNICEF 2006). Literature stresses the importance of provisioning adequate health facilities, nutrition, safety and protection of the young children to have a strong foundation from an early age, a period during which the brain and the biological pathways are at their maximum development (Wall 2011). The overall development of young children is enhanced by the adequacy of good and balanced nutrition, availability of health facilities, including safe water and learning environment to avoid, factors such as (malnutrition, diseases and teratogens). The aim of early childhood development is to minimise social risk and contextual risk factors that are barriers to childhood development (UNICEF, Basic Education and Social Development and National Planning 2014). The current early childhood development programme witnessed the development of policies and statutes all from the government and non-governmental organisations that support and sustain ECD programmes. The aim being to prevent or reverse the adverse effects of factors that have the potential to affect children’s development (World Health Organization 2011).
这项研究的目的是确定津巴布韦Chiredzi地区开设幼儿发展课程的小学是否满足有特殊教育需要的儿童的健康、营养、安全和保护需要。这项研究以生态系统理论为基础。它采用了一种混合方法。研究人员采用了以下三种方法:访谈、问卷调查、观察、文献分析和焦点小组讨论。结果表明，在许多学校，有特殊教育需要的儿童的健康和营养在很大程度上被忽视。一些学校努力为所有幼儿发展阶段儿童提供营养，但没有努力为患有慢性病的儿童确定具体的膳食。并非所有学校都有保护这些儿童的立法，导致歧视和虐待。该研究建议利益攸关方在幼儿发展环境中对学习者的健康、安全和保护方面作出更有针对性的努力。儿童早期发展(ECD)旨在为幼儿(0-8岁)提供生命中最好的开端，确保他们为成长、发展和教育打下坚实的基础(Siraj-Blatchford and Woodhead 2009;联合国教科文组织1990年)。儿童早期发展应提供服务;对儿童及其家庭的教育和照顾。这些服务应以儿童的全面发展为目标，在家庭和社区范围内提供适当的保健、营养、早期刺激教育和社会心理支持(社会发展部和儿童基金会，2006年)。文献强调了提供足够的卫生设施、营养、安全和保护幼儿的重要性，以使幼儿从小就有一个坚实的基础，在这个时期，大脑和生物途径处于最大的发育阶段(Wall 2011)。幼儿的全面发展要得到充分的良好和均衡的营养，提供保健设施，包括安全的水和学习环境，以避免诸如(营养不良、疾病和致畸剂)等因素。儿童早期发展的目标是尽量减少阻碍儿童发展的社会风险和环境风险因素(联合国儿童基金会，基础教育和社会发展及国家规划，2014年)。目前的儿童早期发展项目见证了政府和非政府组织支持和维持幼儿早期发展项目的政策和法规的发展。其目的是预防或扭转可能影响儿童发展的因素的不利影响(世界卫生组织，2011年)。
{"title":"Health, Nutrition, Safety and Security in Early Childhood Development Programmes in Zimbabwe: What are the Implications to Children with Special Education Needs?","authors":"H. Chinhara","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1998","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to establish whether primary schools attaching ECD classes in Chiredzi district in Zimbabwe were catering for the health, nutrition, safety and protection needs of the children with special education needs. The study was underpinned by the Ecological Systems Theory. It adopted a mixed methods approach. The researchers triangulated the following instruments: interviews, questionnaires, observation, document analysis and focus group discussions. The results show that in many schools, children with special education needs’ health and nutrition were, to a very large extent, ignored. Some schools made efforts to provide nutrition to all ECD children, but there were no efforts made to identify specific meals for children with chronic diseases. All the schools did not have legislations to protect such children, resulting in discrimination and abuse. The study recommends more conceited efforts from stakeholders on the health, safety and protection of learners in ECD settings. Address for correspondence: E-mail: Hchinhara@ufh.ac.za INTRODUCTION Early childhood development (ECD) aims at providing young children (0-8 years) the best beginning in life, ensuring that they have a strong foundation for their growth, development, and education (Siraj-Blatchford and Woodhead 2009; UNESCO 1990). Early childhood development should provide services; education and care to children and their families. These services should be directed towards the child’s holistic development providing appropriate health, nutrition, early stimulation education and psychosocial support within the context of the family and the community (Department of Social Development and UNICEF 2006). Literature stresses the importance of provisioning adequate health facilities, nutrition, safety and protection of the young children to have a strong foundation from an early age, a period during which the brain and the biological pathways are at their maximum development (Wall 2011). The overall development of young children is enhanced by the adequacy of good and balanced nutrition, availability of health facilities, including safe water and learning environment to avoid, factors such as (malnutrition, diseases and teratogens). The aim of early childhood development is to minimise social risk and contextual risk factors that are barriers to childhood development (UNICEF, Basic Education and Social Development and National Planning 2014). The current early childhood development programme witnessed the development of policies and statutes all from the government and non-governmental organisations that support and sustain ECD programmes. The aim being to prevent or reverse the adverse effects of factors that have the potential to affect children’s development (World Health Organization 2011).","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88166938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2019
A. Hassanzadeh
{"title":"Ritual of Holy Healing, Rebellion of Spiritual Power against Iranian Lords","authors":"A. Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.2019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81984220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1944
Harifuddin Halim
{"title":"Syncretization between Immanent and Transcendental Belief in Fishermen Community","authors":"Harifuddin Halim","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84269390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1986
S. Kativhu
Youth volunteering has become a vital tool for development in recent years. Worsening challenges that afflict communities such as HIV/AIDS, Unemployment and poverty, among others have increased the demand for volunteers. However, despite this high demand for volunteers, voluntary participation of youth is decreasing. Yet, it is not clear why this is happening. Consequently, failure to address this problem might deepen poverty, youth irresponsibility and curtail development efforts particularly in developing communities. This paper explored strategies which can be implemented to increase youth voluntary participation in Mutoko District. A qualitative approach involving focus group discussions and individual interviews was employed. Youth participants were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The qualitative data was analysed using the thematic system and matrix ranking technique. Results indicated that the strategies for promoting volunteering varied with geographical locations and gender. It was therefore deduced that strategies for volunteering must be crafted taking into consideration gender and distance from the urban area. The need for target oriented strategies was therefore apparent. Address for correspondence: E-mail: kativhus@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Effective service delivery has increasingly become a challenge especially in under resourced developing countries. For this reason many African countries have turned to volunteering as a more sustainable way of supplementing human resources in community development (Voluntary and Service Enquiry Southern Africa (VOSESA 2010). To date, various policy frameworks, legal frameworks and advocacy organisations have been established particularly in the SADC region in order to promote youth volunteering. However, despite the noble efforts, the National Youth Development Agency (NYDA) and VOSESA (2011) revealed that voluntary participation has not yet met its potential for development in the region. Likewise, youth volunteering in Zimbabwe is not satisfactory. Anyway a critical question that remain unanswered is whether the strategies in place address practical issues on the ground? Do they reflect the voices of youth? Finding answers to these questions might help to unlock youth zeal to actively participate in voluntary work. As such, this paper sought to explore the strategies for promoting youth volunteering. This was done in order to gather youth perspectives from their own lens. This assists in amplifying youth voices and thus establishing practical strategies that can unlock volunteering prowess. Broader literature highlights that strategies for promoting youth volunteering are mainly related to interests, behavioural change and modification of recruiting ways (NYDA 2013; VOSESA 2011; Perold et al. 2011). Based on this body of knowledge, particularly in the Southern African region, it is critical to understand contextual motives to youth volunteering. In addition to th
{"title":"Exploring Practical Strategies for Promoting Youth Voluntary Participation in Rural Community Development. The Case of Mutoko District, Zimbabwe","authors":"S. Kativhu","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/33.1-3.1986","url":null,"abstract":"Youth volunteering has become a vital tool for development in recent years. Worsening challenges that afflict communities such as HIV/AIDS, Unemployment and poverty, among others have increased the demand for volunteers. However, despite this high demand for volunteers, voluntary participation of youth is decreasing. Yet, it is not clear why this is happening. Consequently, failure to address this problem might deepen poverty, youth irresponsibility and curtail development efforts particularly in developing communities. This paper explored strategies which can be implemented to increase youth voluntary participation in Mutoko District. A qualitative approach involving focus group discussions and individual interviews was employed. Youth participants were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The qualitative data was analysed using the thematic system and matrix ranking technique. Results indicated that the strategies for promoting volunteering varied with geographical locations and gender. It was therefore deduced that strategies for volunteering must be crafted taking into consideration gender and distance from the urban area. The need for target oriented strategies was therefore apparent. Address for correspondence: E-mail: kativhus@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Effective service delivery has increasingly become a challenge especially in under resourced developing countries. For this reason many African countries have turned to volunteering as a more sustainable way of supplementing human resources in community development (Voluntary and Service Enquiry Southern Africa (VOSESA 2010). To date, various policy frameworks, legal frameworks and advocacy organisations have been established particularly in the SADC region in order to promote youth volunteering. However, despite the noble efforts, the National Youth Development Agency (NYDA) and VOSESA (2011) revealed that voluntary participation has not yet met its potential for development in the region. Likewise, youth volunteering in Zimbabwe is not satisfactory. Anyway a critical question that remain unanswered is whether the strategies in place address practical issues on the ground? Do they reflect the voices of youth? Finding answers to these questions might help to unlock youth zeal to actively participate in voluntary work. As such, this paper sought to explore the strategies for promoting youth volunteering. This was done in order to gather youth perspectives from their own lens. This assists in amplifying youth voices and thus establishing practical strategies that can unlock volunteering prowess. Broader literature highlights that strategies for promoting youth volunteering are mainly related to interests, behavioural change and modification of recruiting ways (NYDA 2013; VOSESA 2011; Perold et al. 2011). Based on this body of knowledge, particularly in the Southern African region, it is critical to understand contextual motives to youth volunteering. In addition to th","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85492609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2005
T. Mudau
{"title":"An Investigation of the Challenges Faced by Students with Unemployed Parents at a Rural University","authors":"T. Mudau","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81919951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2014
Manisha Arya
{"title":"Study on Knowledge of Anganwadi Workers about Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) In Uttarkashi District of Uttarakhand","authors":"Manisha Arya","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75699258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2015
{"title":"The Effects of Parents’ Incarceration on Children at Hlaneki Village in Greater Giyani Municipality","authors":"","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"119 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72482244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2003
J. Mathwasa
{"title":"Pre-School Experiences and Formal School Readiness of Six-Year-Olds: The Stakeholders’ Views","authors":"J. Mathwasa","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75107397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2000
J. Mathwasa
{"title":"Factors Hindering Men’s Capabilities to Actively Participate in the Early Social Development of Children: A Qualitative Approach","authors":"J. Mathwasa","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85182531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-09DOI: 10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2009
Gulsah Tasci
{"title":"The Challenges of Internationalization in Higher Education: “Heed The Voice of Students!”","authors":"Gulsah Tasci","doi":"10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566802.2018/32.1-3.2009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85684,"journal":{"name":"The Eastern anthropologist","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79892960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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