The fate was investigated of 30 metallic and five non-metallic elements following ingestion by Tineola larvae. When incorporated in woollen fabric or in a yeast-casein medium, 19 elements that form insoluble sulphides produced characteristically coloured sulphides in the food undergoing digestion in the midgut. The production of the sulphides is brought about by the alkaline, highly reducing, midgut secretions,. which cause the production of sulphydryl groups by the reduction of the Clisulphide bonds of the cystine present in the wool. When metal is present in the diet less cystine is excreted than on a normal diet. Othe.r sulphur-containing compounds ( methionine, glutathione) also permit the formation of sulphides. Much of the sulphide formed passes down the digestive tract and is excreted. However, a certain amount forms highly dispersed colloidal solutions with the amino acids or polypeptides liberated by digestion of the food or present in the digestive secretions. These colloidal sulphides are taken up by the midgut epithelium, and granules of sulphides accumulate in the cavities of the goblet cells of the anterior and posterior regions of the midgut. Sulphides of fewer metals accumulate in the goblet cells of the middle region of the midgut. All goblet cell accumulations are eHminated during moulting, when the entire midgut epithelium is cast off and regenerated. The goblet cells of other lepidopterous larvae were also shown to accumulate some metals, although not as sulphides.
{"title":"Studies on the digestion of wool by insects. IV. Absorption and elimination of metals by lepidopterous larvae, with special reference to the clothes moth, tineola bissellielal (humm.).","authors":"D. Waterhouse","doi":"10.1071/BI9520143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520143","url":null,"abstract":"The fate was investigated of 30 metallic and five non-metallic elements following ingestion by Tineola larvae. When incorporated in woollen fabric or in a yeast-casein medium, 19 elements that form insoluble sulphides produced characteristically coloured sulphides in the food undergoing digestion in the midgut. The production of the sulphides is brought about by the alkaline, highly reducing, midgut secretions,. which cause the production of sulphydryl groups by the reduction of the Clisulphide bonds of the cystine present in the wool. When metal is present in the diet less cystine is excreted than on a normal diet. Othe.r sulphur-containing compounds ( methionine, glutathione) also permit the formation of sulphides. Much of the sulphide formed passes down the digestive tract and is excreted. However, a certain amount forms highly dispersed colloidal solutions with the amino acids or polypeptides liberated by digestion of the food or present in the digestive secretions. These colloidal sulphides are taken up by the midgut epithelium, and granules of sulphides accumulate in the cavities of the goblet cells of the anterior and posterior regions of the midgut. Sulphides of fewer metals accumulate in the goblet cells of the middle region of the midgut. All goblet cell accumulations are eHminated during moulting, when the entire midgut epithelium is cast off and regenerated. The goblet cells of other lepidopterous larvae were also shown to accumulate some metals, although not as sulphides.","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"143-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/BI9520143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae. II. The yield of enzymes from mutants produced by ultraviolet irradiation.","authors":"M E MAXWELL","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of temperature on the rate of development of insects, with special reference to the eggs of Gryllulus commodus Walker.","authors":"T O BROWNING","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"96-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of temperature on the completion of diapause in the eggs of Gryllulus commodus Walker.","authors":"T O BROWNING","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"112-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The digestion of wool in papain-bisulphite solutions is greatly enhanced by the addition of urea, t reaching completion within a few hours at 500 or 70°C. Both wool digestion and uptake of papain by wool from urea solutions proceed optimally at pH 7.
{"title":"Digestion of wool keratin by papain-bisulphite-urea and related systems.","authors":"F. Lennox","doi":"10.1071/BI9520189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520189","url":null,"abstract":"The digestion of wool in papain-bisulphite solutions is greatly enhanced by the addition of urea, t reaching completion within a few hours at 500 or 70°C. Both wool digestion and uptake of papain by wool from urea solutions proceed optimally at pH 7.","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"190-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/BI9520189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nematodirus /ilicollis, Nematodirus spathiger, and Ascaridia galli were maintained for periods of 24 hours in' a non-nutrient medium containing streptomycin and penicillin to prevent bacterial growth. UnEler aerobic 'conditions the total soluble nitrogenous material excreted by Nematodirus spp. in three experiments was 1.23-1.59 mg. nitrogen per g. dry wt. of tissue. Peptide nitrogen accounted for 33-37 per cent. of the total soluble nitrogen excreted, ammonia nitrogen 40-42 per cent., and urea nitrogen 11-17 per cent. Small amounts of uric acid werc found. Under similar conditions the total soluble nitrogen excreted by Ascaridia gaUi was 0.29-0.41 mg. per g. dry wt.; of this, 14-15 per cent. was due to peptide nitrogen, and 8 per cent. to urea nitrogen. No uric' acid was found.
{"title":"Nitrogen catabolism in nematode parasites.","authors":"W. Rogers","doi":"10.1071/BI9520210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520210","url":null,"abstract":"Nematodirus /ilicollis, Nematodirus spathiger, and Ascaridia galli were maintained for periods of 24 hours in' a non-nutrient medium containing streptomycin and penicillin to prevent bacterial growth. UnEler aerobic 'conditions the total soluble nitrogenous material excreted by Nematodirus spp. in three experiments was 1.23-1.59 mg. nitrogen per g. dry wt. of tissue. Peptide nitrogen accounted for 33-37 per cent. of the total soluble nitrogen excreted, ammonia nitrogen 40-42 per cent., and urea nitrogen 11-17 per cent. Small amounts of uric acid werc found. Under similar conditions the total soluble nitrogen excreted by Ascaridia gaUi was 0.29-0.41 mg. per g. dry wt.; of this, 14-15 per cent. was due to peptide nitrogen, and 8 per cent. to urea nitrogen. No uric' acid was found.","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"210-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae. I. The development of a culture medium yielding high protease activity.","authors":"M E MAXWELL","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"42-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Malonate and carrot root respiration.","authors":"V F HANLY, K S ROWAN, J S TURNER","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"64-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the digestion of wool by insects. V. The goblet cells in the midgut of larvae of the clothes moth (tineola bissellielal (humm.) and other lepidoptera.","authors":"D F WATERHOUSE","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"169-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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