Eggs of the cricket Gryllulus commodus Walked (Gryllidae, Orthoptera) were incubated at nine constant temperatures; the mean duration of the incubation period and its variance have been determined at each temperature.
蟋蟀(直翅目，蟋蟀科)卵在9个恒温条件下孵化;在每个温度下确定了潜伏期的平均持续时间及其方差。
{"title":"The influence of temperature on the rate of development of insects, with special reference to the eggs of Gryllulus commodus Walker.","authors":"T. O. Browning","doi":"10.1071/BI9520096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520096","url":null,"abstract":"Eggs of the cricket Gryllulus commodus Walked (Gryllidae, Orthoptera) were incubated at nine constant temperatures; the mean duration of the incubation period and its variance have been determined at each temperature.","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"96-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the digestion of wool by insects. IV. Absorption and elimination of metals by lepidopterous larvae, with special reference to the clothes moth, tineola bissellielal (humm.).","authors":"D F WATERHOUSE","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"143-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observations on the feeding of the virus vector Orosius argentatus (Evans), and comparisons with certain other jassids.","authors":"M F DAY, H IRZYKIEWICZ, A McKINNON","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"128-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digestion of wool keratin by papain-bisulphite-urea and related systems.","authors":"F G LENNOX","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"190-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24360545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conidia of a strain of A. aryzae were irradiated at five different wavelengths, 2480, 2650, 2804, 3132, and 3650 A. Those germinating after irradiation were isolated by the single spore technique and examined for changes in morphology and for enzyme production on liquid medium. Mutants of the normal strain were produced at all wavelengths, including "lethal mutants."
用2480、2650、2804、3132、3650 a 5种不同波长的辐射对一株aryzae的分生孢子进行照射。用单孢子技术分离辐照后萌发的芽孢，观察其形态变化和在液体培养基上产酶情况。在所有波长下都产生了正常菌株的突变体，包括“致命突变体”。
{"title":"Enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae. II. The yield of enzymes from mutants produced by ultraviolet irradiation.","authors":"M. Maxwell","doi":"10.1071/BI9520056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520056","url":null,"abstract":"Conidia of a strain of A. aryzae were irradiated at five different wavelengths, 2480, 2650, 2804, 3132, and 3650 A. Those germinating after irradiation were isolated by the single spore technique and examined for changes in morphology and for enzyme production on liquid medium. Mutants of the normal strain were produced at all wavelengths, including \"lethal mutants.\"","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/BI9520056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goblet cells and columnar cells occur, together with regenerative cells, in the midgut epithelium of lepidopterous larvae. The columnar cells have an appearance typical of the simple epithelial cells that occur in the midgut of many insects. The goblet cells are highly differentiated and, although there are marked variations between species, such as in frequency of occurrence, in shape, in staining reactions, and so on, their basic structure is very similar. Bodian's 'ProtargoI' staining technique provides excellent differentiation of goblet cells. Each goblet cell has a basally situated nucleus and contains an internal cavity, which is bordered by a faintly striated lining. No opening permitting direct movement of material from the cavity into the lumen has been observed. Available evidence suggests that materials moving out of the cavity pass through a bounding membrane. Unlike columnar cells, goblet cells do not possess a striated border on their lumen surface.
{"title":"Studies on the digestion of wool by insects. V. The goblet cells in the midgut of larvae of the clothes moth (tineola bissellielal (humm.) and other lepidoptera.","authors":"D. Waterhouse","doi":"10.1071/BI9520169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520169","url":null,"abstract":"Goblet cells and columnar cells occur, together with regenerative cells, in the midgut epithelium of lepidopterous larvae. The columnar cells have an appearance typical of the simple epithelial cells that occur in the midgut of many insects. The goblet cells are highly differentiated and, although there are marked variations between species, such as in frequency of occurrence, in shape, in staining reactions, and so on, their basic structure is very similar. Bodian's 'ProtargoI' staining technique provides excellent differentiation of goblet cells. Each goblet cell has a basally situated nucleus and contains an internal cavity, which is bordered by a faintly striated lining. No opening permitting direct movement of material from the cavity into the lumen has been observed. Available evidence suggests that materials moving out of the cavity pass through a bounding membrane. Unlike columnar cells, goblet cells do not possess a striated border on their lumen surface.","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"169-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/BI9520169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following a review of earlier work with malonate as an enzyme and respiration inhibitor, direct evidence is provided of the existence in carrot root tissue of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase (S.D.). Malonate is clearly effective as an inhibitor of carrot root respiration only at low pH. Its effects at higher pH are, however, fully described and discussed. It is postulated that in this tissue a significant part of the respiration is mediated by enzyme systems not inhibited by malonate, KCN, or CO; that the remainder, whose activity is varied by wounding and aging, and by ionic exchange and uptake, involves an organic acid cycle of the Krebs type. The effects at low pH and low concentration of malonate (O.005-0.02M) may be explained as due to inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase only; under these conditions self reversal of inhibition, and reversal by addition of succinate, are both possible. At higher concentrations ( O.04-0.05M ) and low pH, malonate is assumed to inhibit not only S.D. but other enzymes concerned in pyruvate oxidation; this explains the lack of self reversal, lack of reversal by added succinate, and the failure to demonstrate accumulation of succinate in poisoned tissue; under these conditions, when inhibition is to the basal level, the RQ. is high, presumably because pyruvate is diverted to form fermentation products.
{"title":"Malonate and carrot root respiration.","authors":"V. Hanly, K. Rowan, J. Turner","doi":"10.1071/BI9520064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520064","url":null,"abstract":"Following a review of earlier work with malonate as an enzyme and respiration inhibitor, direct evidence is provided of the existence in carrot root tissue of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase (S.D.). Malonate is clearly effective as an inhibitor of carrot root respiration only at low pH. Its effects at higher pH are, however, fully described and discussed. It is postulated that in this tissue a significant part of the respiration is mediated by enzyme systems not inhibited by malonate, KCN, or CO; that the remainder, whose activity is varied by wounding and aging, and by ionic exchange and uptake, involves an organic acid cycle of the Krebs type. The effects at low pH and low concentration of malonate (O.005-0.02M) may be explained as due to inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase only; under these conditions self reversal of inhibition, and reversal by addition of succinate, are both possible. At higher concentrations ( O.04-0.05M ) and low pH, malonate is assumed to inhibit not only S.D. but other enzymes concerned in pyruvate oxidation; this explains the lack of self reversal, lack of reversal by added succinate, and the failure to demonstrate accumulation of succinate in poisoned tissue; under these conditions, when inhibition is to the basal level, the RQ. is high, presumably because pyruvate is diverted to form fermentation products.","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"64-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When grown on modified Raulin's medium, containing additional sucrose, ammonium tartrate, and phosphate, Aspergillus oryzae yields more protease than when cultivated on unmodified Raulin's or Czapek-Dox media. Replacement of sucrose in the medium by fructose, invert sugar, glucose, maltose, starch, or lactose decreases the yield of enzyme in that order. Ammonium tartrate may be replaced by equivalent concentrations of the more readily available salts, sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt) and ammonium chloride, without loss in activity.
{"title":"Enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae. I. The development of a culture medium yielding high protease activity.","authors":"M. Maxwell","doi":"10.1071/BI9520042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520042","url":null,"abstract":"When grown on modified Raulin's medium, containing additional sucrose, ammonium tartrate, and phosphate, Aspergillus oryzae yields more protease than when cultivated on unmodified Raulin's or Czapek-Dox media. Replacement of sucrose in the medium by fructose, invert sugar, glucose, maltose, starch, or lactose decreases the yield of enzyme in that order. Ammonium tartrate may be replaced by equivalent concentrations of the more readily available salts, sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt) and ammonium chloride, without loss in activity.","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"42-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/BI9520042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Examination of feeding tracks of several species of jassids in plant petioles shows that each species produces characteristic stylet sheaths. Most species feed in both parenchyma and vascular bundles and they exhibit varying degrees of preference for phloem tissue. An attempt to confirm published observations on a pH gradient towards the phloem failed to reveal such a gradient in many of the plants examined; in fact, it has been demonstrated that no such gradient is required to explain the feeding behaviour of the jassids studied. It is concluded that they find .the tissues upon which they feed by random probing with the stylets.
{"title":"Observations on the feeding of the virus vector Orosius argentatus (Evans), and comparisons with certain other jassids.","authors":"M. F. Day, H. Irzykiewicz, A. McKINNON","doi":"10.1071/BI9520128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9520128","url":null,"abstract":"Examination of feeding tracks of several species of jassids in plant petioles shows that each species produces characteristic stylet sheaths. Most species feed in both parenchyma and vascular bundles and they exhibit varying degrees of preference for phloem tissue. An attempt to confirm published observations on a pH gradient towards the phloem failed to reveal such a gradient in many of the plants examined; in fact, it has been demonstrated that no such gradient is required to explain the feeding behaviour of the jassids studied. It is concluded that they find .the tissues upon which they feed by random probing with the stylets.","PeriodicalId":85978,"journal":{"name":"Australian journal of scientific research. Ser. B: Biological sciences","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"128-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/BI9520128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59197398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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