Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1201/9780203735398-22
A grayish-red, yellowish or white colored, very toxic, crystalline aromatic amine that darkens when exposed to air and light. Benzidine has been widely used for the detection of blood and as a reagent in the manufacture of dyes. Ingestion of benzidine causes cyanosis, headache, mental confusion, nausea and vomiting. Its use is now limited because of strong association between exposure to benzidine and an increased risk of bladder cancer in humans. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020
{"title":"Benzidine.","authors":"","doi":"10.1201/9780203735398-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203735398-22","url":null,"abstract":"A grayish-red, yellowish or white colored, very toxic, crystalline aromatic amine that darkens when exposed to air and light. Benzidine has been widely used for the detection of blood and as a reagent in the manufacture of dyes. Ingestion of benzidine causes cyanosis, headache, mental confusion, nausea and vomiting. Its use is now limited because of strong association between exposure to benzidine and an increased risk of bladder cancer in humans. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"11 1","pages":"III28-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43274745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1002/0471701343.sdp06798
C. Oven
Before 1950, numerous case reports linked employment in coke production with cancer of the skin, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract. Since then, several cohort studies conducted in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Sweden have reported an increased risk of lung cancer in humans exposed to coke-oven emissions. Smoking was accounted for in some of these studies and was not found to be a significant confounding factor. A large cohort study of 59,000 steel workers published in 1969 reported that lung-cancer risk increased with increasing duration or intensity of exposure to coke oven fumes. Several studies of coking-plant workers reported an increased risk of kidney cancer. An excess of cancer at other tissue sites (prostate, large intestine, and pancreas) was reported in no more than one study for each site (IARC 1984, 1987).
{"title":"Coke oven emissions.","authors":"C. Oven","doi":"10.1002/0471701343.sdp06798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471701343.sdp06798","url":null,"abstract":"Before 1950, numerous case reports linked employment in coke production with cancer of the skin, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract. Since then, several cohort studies conducted in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Sweden have reported an increased risk of lung cancer in humans exposed to coke-oven emissions. Smoking was accounted for in some of these studies and was not found to be a significant confounding factor. A large cohort study of 59,000 steel workers published in 1969 reported that lung-cancer risk increased with increasing duration or intensity of exposure to coke oven fumes. Several studies of coking-plant workers reported an increased risk of kidney cancer. An excess of cancer at other tissue sites (prostate, large intestine, and pancreas) was reported in no more than one study for each site (IARC 1984, 1987).","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"44 6","pages":"III71-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50954672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1002/3527600418.mbe6275.pub2
国崎 直道, 松浦 宏之
A volatile, combustible, yellow, oily liquid nitrosamine with a faint characteristic odor that decomposes when exposed to light and emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition. N-Nitrosodimethylamine is primarily used in laboratory research to induce tumors in experimental animals. T his substance may be formed during the cooking of foods, especially cured meats and fish, that contain sodium nitrite as a preservative, but is also found in several vegetables, cheeses, alcoholic beverages and fruits, and as a contaminant in rubber products. Exposure to NNitrosodimethylamine irritates the skin and eyes and damages the liver. T his substance is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020
{"title":"N-Nitrosodimethylamine.","authors":"国崎 直道, 松浦 宏之","doi":"10.1002/3527600418.mbe6275.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600418.mbe6275.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"A volatile, combustible, yellow, oily liquid nitrosamine with a faint characteristic odor that decomposes when exposed to light and emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition. N-Nitrosodimethylamine is primarily used in laboratory research to induce tumors in experimental animals. T his substance may be formed during the cooking of foods, especially cured meats and fish, that contain sodium nitrite as a preservative, but is also found in several vegetables, cheeses, alcoholic beverages and fruits, and as a contaminant in rubber products. Exposure to NNitrosodimethylamine irritates the skin and eyes and damages the liver. T his substance is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"10 1","pages":"179-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1201/9780203735398-189
A colorless, highly reactive, liquid, cyclic ether with a slightly sweet odor. Betapropiolactone was used once mainly in the manufacture of acrylic acid and esters. It also was used as a sterilant for medical materials and procedures. However, it is no longer used for medical disinfection. Dermal exposure to beta-propiolactone causes the burning or blistering of the skin, and ingestion of this substance burns the mouth and stomach while exposure to its vapors causes severe irritation of the eyes, throat and respiratory tract. T his substance is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020
{"title":"ß-Propiolactone.","authors":"","doi":"10.1201/9780203735398-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203735398-189","url":null,"abstract":"A colorless, highly reactive, liquid, cyclic ether with a slightly sweet odor. Betapropiolactone was used once mainly in the manufacture of acrylic acid and esters. It also was used as a sterilant for medical materials and procedures. However, it is no longer used for medical disinfection. Dermal exposure to beta-propiolactone causes the burning or blistering of the skin, and ingestion of this substance burns the mouth and stomach while exposure to its vapors causes severe irritation of the eyes, throat and respiratory tract. T his substance is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"11 1","pages":"III225-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48274543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-26DOI: 10.4324/9780429447341-53
G. Wells
A yellowish, oily, aromatic nitro-compound with an almond-like odor that emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides upon combustion. Nitrobenzene is primarily used in the manufacture of aniline, but is also used in the manufacture of lubricating oils, dyes, drugs, pesticides, and synthetic rubber. Exposure to nitrobenzene irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract and can result in methemoglobinemia causing fatigue, dyspnea, dizziness, disturbed vision, shortness of breath, collapse and even death. Nitrobenzene also damages the liver, spleen, kidneys and central nervous system. T his substance is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020
{"title":"Nitrobenzene.","authors":"G. Wells","doi":"10.4324/9780429447341-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429447341-53","url":null,"abstract":"A yellowish, oily, aromatic nitro-compound with an almond-like odor that emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides upon combustion. Nitrobenzene is primarily used in the manufacture of aniline, but is also used in the manufacture of lubricating oils, dyes, drugs, pesticides, and synthetic rubber. Exposure to nitrobenzene irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract and can result in methemoglobinemia causing fatigue, dyspnea, dizziness, disturbed vision, shortness of breath, collapse and even death. Nitrobenzene also damages the liver, spleen, kidneys and central nervous system. T his substance is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"11 1","pages":"III190-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48395389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benzidine and dyes metabolized to benzidine: benzidine.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"12 ","pages":"62-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30084706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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