A pale yellow, oily liquid nitrosamine with a characteristic odor that is light sensitive and emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition. N-Nitrosodi-nbutylamine is primarily used in laboratory research to induce tumors in experimental animals, but is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of di-n-butylhydrazine. T his substance is detected in various foods, including smoked meats, cheese and soybean oil, as a result of nitrosation of amines that are present in these products and is detected as a contaminant in rubber products. Exposure to N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine irritates the skin and eyes and may damage the liver and kidneys. T his substance is mutagenic in animals and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020
{"title":"N-nitrosodiethanolamine.","authors":"","doi":"10.32388/6ft5sb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/6ft5sb","url":null,"abstract":"A pale yellow, oily liquid nitrosamine with a characteristic odor that is light sensitive and emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition. N-Nitrosodi-nbutylamine is primarily used in laboratory research to induce tumors in experimental animals, but is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of di-n-butylhydrazine. T his substance is detected in various foods, including smoked meats, cheese and soybean oil, as a result of nitrosation of amines that are present in these products and is detected as a contaminant in rubber products. Exposure to N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine irritates the skin and eyes and may damage the liver and kidneys. T his substance is mutagenic in animals and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"11 1","pages":"III197-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42828961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A reddish, synthetic anthraquinone derivative. Danthron has been widely used as a laxative, but is no longer used to treat constipation and is currently used as an antioxidant in synthetic lubricants, in the synthesis of experimental antitumor agents, as a fungicide and as an intermediate for making dyes. T his substance is a suspected mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020
{"title":"Danthron.","authors":"","doi":"10.32388/1ytn58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/1ytn58","url":null,"abstract":"A reddish, synthetic anthraquinone derivative. Danthron has been widely used as a laxative, but is no longer used to treat constipation and is currently used as an antioxidant in synthetic lubricants, in the synthesis of experimental antitumor agents, as a fungicide and as an intermediate for making dyes. T his substance is a suspected mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"12 1","pages":"128-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46376729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A white, crystalline powder that is very unstable in the presence of light but fairly heat resistant. Ochratoxin A is a widespread, naturally occurring mycotoxin that is produced by some fungi, especially by Aspergillus and Penicillium, and is a very common food contaminant found on grains, coffee beans, nuts, decaying vegetation, moldy cereals and animal feeds. T his toxin is used in research as an experimental teratogen and carcinogen. Ochratoxin A is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen and may be associated with an increased risk of developing urinary tract tumors. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020
{"title":"Ochratoxin A","authors":"","doi":"10.32388/zhpdh9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/zhpdh9","url":null,"abstract":"A white, crystalline powder that is very unstable in the presence of light but fairly heat resistant. Ochratoxin A is a widespread, naturally occurring mycotoxin that is produced by some fungi, especially by Aspergillus and Penicillium, and is a very common food contaminant found on grains, coffee beans, nuts, decaying vegetation, moldy cereals and animal feeds. T his toxin is used in research as an experimental teratogen and carcinogen. Ochratoxin A is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen and may be associated with an increased risk of developing urinary tract tumors. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69644865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A synthetic, off-white to violet solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is used primarily as a component of oxidizing 'permanent' hair- and fur-dye formulations. 2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate is also used as an intermediate in the production of C.I. Basic Brown 2, a dye commonly used in numerous consumer products. The primary routes of potential human exposure to 2,4-diaminoanisole sulfate are dermal contact and inhalation. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
{"title":"2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate.","authors":"","doi":"10.32388/yxqu4q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/yxqu4q","url":null,"abstract":"A synthetic, off-white to violet solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is used primarily as a component of oxidizing 'permanent' hair- and fur-dye formulations. 2,4-Diaminoanisole sulfate is also used as an intermediate in the production of C.I. Basic Brown 2, a dye commonly used in numerous consumer products. The primary routes of potential human exposure to 2,4-diaminoanisole sulfate are dermal contact and inhalation. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"12 1","pages":"130-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45725996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cohort study of 1,380 psoriasis patients treated with PUVA found that the risk of skin cancer (squamous-cell carcinoma) increased with increasing exposure to PUVA; exposure to high doses of PUVA increased the risk of cancer by more than 50-fold. The risk was independent of any possible confounding by treatment with ionizing radiation or coal tar. An association between basal-cell carcinoma and PUVA exposure also was observed; however, the estimated risk at high exposure was fourfold lower than that observed for squamous-cell carcinoma. Increased risks of skin cancer were not reported in two smaller cohort studies; one study included only 94 patients, and the other used a low dose and may not have had sufficient statistical power to detect an effect. A case-control study also reported an increased risk of skin cancer among psoriasis patients treated with PUVA. Supporting the association between skin cancer and PUVA exposure are several case reports of skin cancer (basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma) in patients treated with PUVA for psoriasis or mycosis fungoides. In two small randomized clinical trials evaluating whether methoxsalen would protect against sunlightinduced skin cancer (by increasing pigmentation and cornification of the skin), methoxsalen administered alone for over two years did not affect the incidence of skin cancer (IARC 1980, 1982, 1987).
{"title":"Methoxsalen with ultraviolet A therapy.","authors":"","doi":"10.32388/eu66vd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/eu66vd","url":null,"abstract":"A cohort study of 1,380 psoriasis patients treated with PUVA found that the risk of skin cancer (squamous-cell carcinoma) increased with increasing exposure to PUVA; exposure to high doses of PUVA increased the risk of cancer by more than 50-fold. The risk was independent of any possible confounding by treatment with ionizing radiation or coal tar. An association between basal-cell carcinoma and PUVA exposure also was observed; however, the estimated risk at high exposure was fourfold lower than that observed for squamous-cell carcinoma. Increased risks of skin cancer were not reported in two smaller cohort studies; one study included only 94 patients, and the other used a low dose and may not have had sufficient statistical power to detect an effect. A case-control study also reported an increased risk of skin cancer among psoriasis patients treated with PUVA. Supporting the association between skin cancer and PUVA exposure are several case reports of skin cancer (basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma) in patients treated with PUVA for psoriasis or mycosis fungoides. In two small randomized clinical trials evaluating whether methoxsalen would protect against sunlightinduced skin cancer (by increasing pigmentation and cornification of the skin), methoxsalen administered alone for over two years did not affect the incidence of skin cancer (IARC 1980, 1982, 1987).","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"12 1","pages":"259-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41583934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A synthetic, oily, colorless to pale yellow liquid that is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and ether. T etranitromethane is used as an oxidizing agent in rocket propellants and explosives as well as an additive to increase the cetane number of diesel fuel. In science, it is used as both an analytical reagent for the detection of double bonds in organic compounds and as a mild nitrating reagent that reacts with tyrosine residues in proteins. T he primary route of potential human exposure to tetranitromethane is inhalation. Acute inhalation exposure to tetranitromethane can result in irritation of the respiratory tract, buildup of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and interference with the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells (methemoglobinemia). Contact with this compound can cause irritation of the eyes and skin. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020
{"title":"Tetranitromethane.","authors":"","doi":"10.32388/l4hp94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/l4hp94","url":null,"abstract":"A synthetic, oily, colorless to pale yellow liquid that is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and ether. T etranitromethane is used as an oxidizing agent in rocket propellants and explosives as well as an additive to increase the cetane number of diesel fuel. In science, it is used as both an analytical reagent for the detection of double bonds in organic compounds and as a mild nitrating reagent that reacts with tyrosine residues in proteins. T he primary route of potential human exposure to tetranitromethane is inhalation. Acute inhalation exposure to tetranitromethane can result in irritation of the respiratory tract, buildup of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and interference with the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells (methemoglobinemia). Contact with this compound can cause irritation of the eyes and skin. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020","PeriodicalId":86194,"journal":{"name":"Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles","volume":"11 1","pages":"III246-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43880488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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