Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria最新文献

Background:  High levels of physical conditioning are associated with improvements in cognitive performance. In this sense, electroencephalographic (ECG) correlates are used to investigate the enhancing role of physical exercise on executive functions. Oscillations in the β frequency range are proposed to be evident during sensorimotor activity.

Objective:  To investigate the ECG changes influenced by aerobic and resistance exercises performed in an attention task by analyzing the differences in absolute β power in the prefrontal and frontal regions before, during, and after the oddball paradigm in practitioners and nonpractitioners of physical exercise.

Methods:  There were 15 physical activity practitioners (aged 27 ± 4.71) and 15 nonpractitioners (age 28 ± 1.50) recruited. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to observe the main effect and the interaction between groups and moments (rest 1, pre-stimulus, and rest 2).

Results:  An interaction between group and moment factors was observed for Fp1 (p < 0.001); Fp2 (p = 0.001); F7 (p < 0.001); F8 (p < 0.001); F3 (p < 0.001); Fz (p < 0.001); and F4 (p < 0.001). Electrophysiological findings clarified exercisers' specificity and neural efficiency in each prefrontal and frontal subarea.

Conclusion:  Our findings lend support to the current understanding of the cognitive processes underlying physical exercise and provide new evidence on the relationship between exercise and cortical activity.

Background:  Migraine belongs to the group of primary headaches, affecting 14.4% of the global population. The pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine involve the interplay between hypothalamic activation, cortical spreading depression, trigeminal stimulation, and inflammatory components with neurogenic inflammation or neuroinflammation.

Objective:  To assess the frequency of the IL1A -899C > T (rs1800587) genetic variant in patients with migraine and healthy controls, as well as its association with the clinical manifestations of migraine.

Methods:  We conducted a case-control study involving 92 migraine patients and 88 healthy controls matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were obtained. The IL1A -889C > T (rs1800587) variant was identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:  The study comprised predominantly women and Caucasian individuals, with no significant differences in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, or BMI observed between the migraine and control groups. Within the migraine group, 57.6% had episodic migraines, and 45.7% experienced aura. The patients carrying the CT genotype showed stronger associations with the presence of aura (CT: 57.7%; TT: 27.5%; p = 0.027), and those carrying the CT and TT genotypes showed higher osmophobia rates when compared with the CC genotype (p = 0.003). The IL1A -889C > T genetic variant was not associated with migraine susceptibility, be it chronic or episodic, nor to other symptoms associated with migraine.

Conclusion:  The IL1A -889C > T genetic variant was associated with aura and osmophobia in migraine patients.

A few decades ago, women diagnosed with multiple sclerosis were discouraged from becoming pregnant. However, with new knowledge about the disease and treatments, this recommendation has changed, and it is pregnancy after the diagnosis of the disease is no longer contraindicated, with family planning being essential in this process. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the family planning process for people with multiple sclerosis.

Background:  Within the general epilepsy population, the incidence of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) ranges from approximately 0.35 to 2.3 per 1,000 individuals per year.

Objective:  We aimed to evaluate the relationship between SUDEP risk factors and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters as a potential biomarker of SUDEP in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).

Methods:  There were 52 patients diagnosed with DRE and under follow-up, and controls including 45 healthy subjects, included in the study. Hyperventilation-induced HRV (HRV_HV) parameters, including the standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDRR), mean heart rate (HR), root mean squares of successive differences (RMSSD), SD of mean NN intervals recordings (SDANN), and HRV triangular index, were assessed during resting. To predict the risk of SUDEP, the relationship between HRV parameters and SUDEP risks was evaluated using the Risk Assessment for Sudden Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP-7) Risk Inventory.

Results:  No statistically significant difference was found in sympathetic skin response (SSR) latency and amplitudes between the patient and control groups. In comparing healthy control subjects with patients experiencing DRE, we observed significant decreases in SDRR_HV and hyperventilation-induced RMSSD (RMSSD_HV) values, specifically within HRV_HV. Notably, a significant correlation emerged concerning the RMSSD_HV values (p < 0.01), when examining the correlation between the SUDEP-7 inventory and HRV_HV parameters.

Conclusion:  This correlation between RMSSD_HV and the SUDEP-7 Risk Inventory in patients with DRE represents a novel and consequential finding, suggesting its potential as an indicator of SUDEP risk.

Background:  While bibliometric analyses are prevalent in the medical field, few have focused on ther endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Objective:  To employ big data analysis to examine the research status, trends, and hotspots in endovascular treatment for AIS.

Methods:  We conducted a comprehensive search using the Web of Science (WOS) database to identify relevant articles on the endovascular treatment for AIS from 1980 to the present. We used various tools for data analysis, including an online platform (https://bibliometric.com/app), the Citespace software, the Vosviewer software, and the ArcMap software, version 10.8. A number of bibliometric indicators were collected and analyzed, such as publication date, country where the studies were conducted, institutions to which the authors were affiliated, authors, high-frequency keywords, cooperative relationship etc. RESULTS:  A total of 5,576 articles were retrieved. A substantial increase in the number of articles occurred after 2010. High-frequency keywords included terms such as large vessel occlusion, reperfusion, outcome, and basilar artery occlusion. Among the top 10 most productive authors, Raul G. Nogueira ranked first, with 136 published articles. Among the journals, The New England Journal of Medicine ranked first, with 5,631 citations. The United States has the closest collaborative ties with other nations.

Conclusion:  In the present study, we found that the reports of endovascular treatment for AIS gradually increased after 2010. Among them, Raul G. Nogueira was the most productive author in this field. The New England Journal of Medicine was the most cited, and it had the greatest impact. The Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) trial study was the most cited, and it was a landmark study. There are many interesting studies on endovascular treatment for AIS, such as ischemic penumbra, collateral circulation, bridging therapy etc.

Background:  Patients often exhibit very severe or disabling forms of tremor that cannot be clearly characterized.

Objective:  To present a series of 37 cases of tremor considered unclassifiable. Patients diagnosed with essential tremor according to criteria of the International Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorder Society (IPDMDS), who had been previously studied, were included as controls. All patients underwent a battery of tests between 2019 and 2022, which enabled us to compare them.

Methods:  Relevant demographic and clinical information were collected. The following tools were applied: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); the Fahn-Tolosa-Marín Tremor Rating Scale (TRS); and the Quality of Life in Essential Tremor (QUEST). A simple brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was performed for all patients. The categorical variables were compared using the Chi-squared test and the t-test with Fisher correction if appropriate, and the quantitative variables were compared through the two-tailed Student t-test. Values of p ≤ 0.01 were considered statistically significant.

Results:  The cases presented higher scores on the anxiety and depression subscales of the HADS than the controls (p ≤ 0.006 and 0.000 respectively). In all domains of the TRS, the cases scored significantly higher, as well as in the QUEST. History of enolism was higher among the controls, and history of orthostasis and rest tremor was higher among the cases (p ≤ 0.000). Cerebellar atrophy was present in every patient in the case group, and in 24 subjects in the control group. Dystonia was observed in 7 subjects in the case group, and in none of the patients in the control group.

Conclusion:  There are patients with unclassifiable and extremely disabling tremors who respond poorly to the pharmacological therapy options.

Personal and professional rivalries involving prominent neurologists mark the history of nineteenth-century French neurology. One of the great examples is the feud between Pierre Marie and Jules Dejerine. The dispute between the two, nevertheless, did not prevent Pierre Marie's son, André Marie, and Gustave Roussy - one of Dejerine's favorite pupils, from collaborating on significant research that led to the doctoral dissertation by Andre Marie regarding sensory disturbances associated with painful hemiagnosia found in thalamic lesions.