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Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health 1型和2型糖尿病与口腔健康
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-1(2)-008
M. Goldberg
Diabetes is characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood.Type I diabetes mellitusresults from insulin deficiency. In contrast, type 2 diabetes results of insulin resistance.A third group recently identified confirmed that the secretory defects of gestational insulin are the consequence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Symptoms of diabetes include the classic triad [polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia]. Long-term complications of diabetes include nephropathy and autoimmune cardiovascular illness dysfunctions. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop more slowly than type I diabetes. These patients may be obese. Adults develop micro- and macro- vascular conditions, producing irreversible damages to the eyes (retinopathy, cataracts), kidney (nephropathy), nervous system (neuropathy and parenthesis). Oral complications including candidiasis (fungal infection due to any type of Candida), dental caries, tooth loss, gingivitis, lichen planus, neurosensory disorders (burning mouth syndrome), periodontitis, salivary dysfunction, xerostomia, and taste impairment. Diabetes implicate greater prevalence of fissured tongue, irritation fibroma, traumaticulcers, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Hyperglycemia induces non-enzymatic elevated levels of glucose that stimulate interleukin-6 expression. Altogether these factors contribute to cardiovascular disease.
糖尿病的特点是血液中葡萄糖水平升高。I型糖尿病是由胰岛素缺乏引起的。相反,2型糖尿病是由胰岛素抵抗引起的。最近确定的第三组研究证实,妊娠期胰岛素分泌缺陷是妊娠期糖耐量异常的结果。糖尿病的症状包括典型的三联症状[多尿、多饮、多食]。糖尿病的长期并发症包括肾病和自身免疫性心血管疾病功能障碍。2型糖尿病的症状发展比1型糖尿病慢。这些病人可能是肥胖的。成年人会出现微观和宏观血管疾病,对眼睛(视网膜病变、白内障)、肾脏(肾病)、神经系统(神经病变和括号)造成不可逆的损害。口腔并发症包括念珠菌感染(由任何类型的念珠菌引起的真菌感染)、龋齿、牙齿脱落、牙龈炎、扁平苔藓、神经感觉障碍(口腔灼烧综合征)、牙周炎、唾液功能障碍、口干和味觉障碍。糖尿病意味着舌裂、刺激性纤维瘤、外伤性溃疡和复发性口口炎的患病率更高。高血糖诱导非酶促血糖水平升高,从而刺激白细胞介素-6的表达。总之,这些因素会导致心血管疾病。
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引用次数: 3
The Assess Risk of Hypertension and its Potential Association with Coronary Diseases in Patients with High Pulse Wave Velocity 高脉波速度患者高血压风险评估及其与冠心病的潜在关系
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-1(2)-007
A. Nagay
Background and objectives: The work was initiated to assess risk of hypertension and its potential association with coronary diseases in patients with high pulse wave velocity. Materials and methods: The study included 150 patients with hypertension in average age of 60.8 ± 7.05 years. Genotyping of the SNP was performed by polymerase chain reaction, multiplex Real-Time PCR. Essential hypertension panel: 9 genes. Vascular stiffness was determined on a Sphygmocor apparatus. Result: In our study, the highest genetic risk was found 55%. We found the PWV tendency to increase towards high genetic risk of susceptibility to the hypertension (12± 1.5 and 11± 2.8: 10.7± 5.3). In patients with high genetic risk, the systolic pressure was found 17 mm Hg higher than the one in the low risk group. Three genes of salt sensitivity were found to make a 70% contribution to the risk above (ADD1 1378 G/T, GNB825 C/T, and CYP11B2 С344Т). According to our findings, the deleterious alleles, such as CYP11B2, GNB and NOS3, made more frequent contribution to the hypertension risk and blood vessel deterioration. We suppose that the frequent occurrence of NOS3 mutations was associated with the endothelial dysfunction, a triggering mechanism for the vessel deterioration.In our study, mutations in NOS3:-786_T>C, GNB: 825_C>T, AGTR2:1675G>A and AGT:704_T>C genes occurred most frequently in patients with high genetic risk.Conclusions: The above mutations are supposed to cause alterations in phenotypic expression in the cells of blood vessels in every other hypertensive person. The alterations make up 55% of the whole population of hypertensive persons. In other cases, factors of ecological effect of the environment, probably, left behind the genetic inheritance regardless of age and sex. To our mind, there are significant ethnic differences in ADD1, GNB and CYP11B2 genes. Mutation points in the genes were associated with dangerous prediction of the hypertension. These conclusions confirmed the concept of variability of the mutations associated with the etiology of salt gradient disorder, geographical latitude and race phenotype. Thus, the panel we use can be a suitable genetic marker to identify subjects with high risk of hypertension living in the hot climate and having associations with ischemic stroke, diabetes and heart failure.
背景和目的:这项工作是为了评估高脉搏波速度患者患高血压的风险及其与冠状动脉疾病的潜在关联。材料与方法:本研究纳入150例高血压患者,平均年龄60.8±7.05岁。SNP基因分型采用聚合酶链式反应、多重实时聚合酶链式反应。原发性高血压组:9个基因。在Sphymocor仪器上测定血管硬度。结果:在我们的研究中,发现最高的遗传风险为55%。我们发现PWV倾向于向高血压易感性的高遗传风险增加(12±1.5和11±2.8:10.7±5.3)。在遗传风险高的患者中,收缩压比低风险组高17毫米汞柱。发现三个盐敏感性基因对上述风险有70%的贡献(ADD1 1378 G/T、GNB825 C/T和CYP11B2С344Т)。根据我们的发现,有害的等位基因,如CYP11B2、GNB和NOS3,对高血压风险和血管恶化的贡献更大。我们认为NOS3突变的频繁发生与内皮功能障碍有关,内皮功能障碍是血管恶化的触发机制。在我们的研究中,NOS3:-786_T>C、GNB:825_C>T、AGTR2:1675G>A和AGT:704_T>C基因的突变在高遗传风险患者中最常见。结论:上述突变可能会导致其他高血压患者血管细胞表型表达的改变。这些改变占高血压患者总人数的55%。在其他情况下,环境的生态效应因素可能会留下不分年龄和性别的遗传。在我们看来,ADD1、GNB和CYP11B2基因存在显著的种族差异。基因突变点和高血压的危险预测有关。这些结论证实了突变变异性的概念与盐梯度障碍的病因、地理纬度和种族表型有关。因此,我们使用的面板可以作为一种合适的遗传标记,用于识别生活在炎热气候中的高血压高危人群,并与缺血性中风、糖尿病和心力衰竭有关。
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引用次数: 1
Unilateral Hypertrophy of the Inner Lip 单侧内唇肥大
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-1(1)-005
M. Cutrone, E. Valerio, R. Grimalt
Variations on normality on the vulvar aspect have generated many difficulties among general pediatricians.The great amount of aesthetical perfection has led to an increasing number of adolescents seeking for vulvar correction. Here we describe a common alteration and provide some clues on the eventual surgical managing of the condition.
外阴方面的正常变异在普通儿科医生中产生了许多困难。大量的审美完美导致越来越多的青少年寻求外阴矫正。在这里,我们描述了一种常见的改变,并提供了一些线索,最终手术管理的条件。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison of Internal Target Volume (ITV) Generated with Lung Optimization Treatment (LOT) and Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) by 4-Dimensional CT scan in Radiosurgery Treatment of Early Lung Cancer 肺优化治疗(LOT)与最大强度投影(MIP)在早期肺癌放射外科治疗中的4维CT扫描内靶体积(ITV)比较
Pub Date : 2019-09-23 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-1(1)-004
D. Dutta
Background: Comparison ofinternal target volume (ITV) generated with lung optimization treatment (LOT) and 4-dimenstional computed tomography (4D-CT) measured maximum intensity projection (MIP) methods in lung tumour treatment. Materials and Methods: 18 patients with lung cancer (n=8, stage T1A: 2, Stage T2: 6 pt, mean GTV 12.6 cc) and lung metastasis (n=10) accrued. 13/18 (72%) had right sided tumour, 12/18 (66%) had upper lobe tumour and 11 (61%) had 2-views on LOT. CT simulation (inhale and exhale phase) done for LOT based ITV generation (ITV-L). Same patient cohort underwent ITV generation with 4D-CT measured MIP methods (ITV-M). Comparison was done between the ITV in these two different methods. Results: Mean GTV was 12.6cc, ITV-L and ITV-M was 29.1 and 57.6 cc. Mean GTV, ITV-L and ITV-M in 1-view, 2-view, right lung, left lung, upper lobe, middle, lower lobe and primary lung cancer and lung metastasis were 3.2, 18.5,13.4, 10.7, 16.5, 6.3, 3.6, 25.5, 2.4 cc; 15.1, 38.1, 30.6, 25.1, 35.9, 19.7, 11.3, 49.9, 12.4 and 24.1, 79.1, 49.2, 79.8, 73.7, 34.1, 17.2, 106.4, 18.7 cc respectively. In 1-view and 2-view, ITV-L and ITV-M were 29.1, 57.6 (p-value: 0.001) and 38.1, 79.1 (p-value-0.009) respectively. Right lung tumour ITV-L and ITV-M were 30.6, 49.2 (p-value-0.001) and in left lung tumours 25.1 and 79.8 cc (p-value- 0.0.14) respectively. In upper, middle and lower lobe tumour, ITVs were 35.9, 73.7 (p-value-0.004); 19.7, 34.1 (p-value-0.474) and 11.3, 17.2 (p-value-0.001) respectively. In primary lung tumour and metastasis disease, ITVs were 49.9, 106.4 (p-value-0.071) and 12.4, 18.7 (p-value-0.001). Increase in mean ITV volume with MIP in all patient cohort was 49% [(ITV-M - ITV-L)x100 / ITV-M], in 1-view cohort 37%, 2-view 52%, right lung 38%, left lung 68.5%, upper lobe lung 51%, middle lobe 42%, lower lobe 34%, primary lung cancer 53% and metastatic lung cancer 34% respectively.Conclusions: MIP generated ITV volumes are significantly larger compared to LOT generated volume. ITV-M is larger in relation to lobes, side of tumour and type of tumour. There may be higher lung tissue necrosis when treated with ITV-M, as the 'high dose' volumes are more in this patient cohort.
背景:肺部优化治疗(LOT)和4次扫描计算机断层扫描(4D-CT)测量最大强度投影(MIP)方法在肺部肿瘤治疗中产生的内部靶体积(ITV)的比较。材料与方法:18例癌症合并肺转移患者(n=8,T1A:2期,T2:6pt,平均GTV 12.6cc)。13/18(72%)患有右侧肿瘤,12/18(66%)患有上叶肿瘤,11(61%)对LOT有2种看法。基于LOT的ITV生成(ITV-L)的CT模拟(吸气和呼气阶段)。同一患者队列采用4D-CT测量MIP方法(ITV-M)进行ITV生成。ITV采用这两种不同的方法进行了比较。结果:平均GTV为12.6cc,ITV-L和ITV-M分别为29.1和57.6cc。1、2、右肺、左肺、上叶、中叶、下叶和原发性癌症和肺转移的平均GTV、ITV-L、ITV-M为3.2、18.5、13.4、10.7、16.5、6.3、3.6、25.5和2.4cc;15.1、38.1、30.6、25.1、35.9、19.7、11.3、49.9、12.4和24.1、79.1、49.2、79.8、73.7、34.1、17.2、106.4、18.7立方厘米。在1视图和2视图中,ITV-L和ITV-M分别为29.1、57.6(p值:0.001)和38.1、79.1(p值-0.009)。右肺肿瘤ITV-L和ITV-M分别为30.6、49.2(p值-0.001)和左肺肿瘤分别为25.1和79.8cc(p值-1.0.14)。在上、中、下叶肿瘤中,ITV分别为35.9、73.7(p值-0.004);19.734.1(p值-0.474)和11.317.2(p值-0.001)。在原发性肺部肿瘤和转移性疾病中,ITV分别为49.9、106.4(p值-0.071)和12.4、18.7(p值=0.001)。所有患者队列中MIP的平均ITV体积增加为49%[(ITV-M-ITV-L)x100/ITV-M],在1视图队列中为37%,2视图队列为52%,右肺38%,左肺68.5%,上肺叶51%,中肺叶42%,下肺叶34%,原发性癌症53%,转移性癌症34%。结论:MIP产生的ITV体积明显大于LOT产生的体积。ITV-M在肺叶、肿瘤侧面和肿瘤类型方面较大。ITV-M治疗时可能会出现更高的肺组织坏死,因为该患者队列中的“高剂量”体积更多。
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引用次数: 1
The Obsidian Impediment - Comedones 黑曜石障碍-喜剧
Pub Date : 2019-08-23 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-1(1)-003
Anu Bajaj
Comedones appear as blackheads and whiteheads and implicate cutaneous zones with dense sebaceous follicles, particularly the face, upper chest or dorsal torso. Acne vulgaris is frequently enunciated with comedones. Hyper-proliferation and aberrant desquamation of ductal keratinocytes is enunciated which impedes sebum exudation within a pilo-sebaceous duct, thus engendering comedones. Also, a prototypicpilo-sebaceous duct unit metamorphoses into a comedone when progenitor component of the sebaceous glands differentiate into epithelial-like cells.“Micro-comedone theory” cogitates acne configuration as “comedogenesis” which is contingent to androgen secretion, hyper-proliferating keratinocytes with accumulation of keratin and sebum within the pilo-sebaceous unit. Hyperkeratinisation is also due to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin -1 alpha (IL-1α) produced as a result of cutaneous colonization of Propionibacterium acnes.
喜剧演员以黑人和白人的形象出现,涉及皮脂腺密集的皮肤区域,尤其是面部、上胸部或躯干背部。寻常痤疮常伴有粉刺。导管角质形成细胞的过度增殖和异常脱落阻碍了皮脂腺导管内的皮脂分泌,从而产生粉刺。此外,当皮脂腺的祖细胞成分分化为上皮样细胞时,原型毛皮脂腺导管单元会变为粉刺。“微粉刺理论”将痤疮形态视为“粉刺生成”,这取决于雄激素分泌、角质形成细胞的过度增殖以及毛-皮脂腺单位内角蛋白和皮脂的积累。角化过度也是由于痤疮丙酸杆菌皮肤定植产生的促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)的分泌。
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引用次数: 1
Spectrophotometric Determination of Zolmitriptan in Pure Form and in Tablets Through Charge Transfer Complex Reaction 电荷转移络合反应分光光度法测定唑米曲坦的纯度和片剂含量
Pub Date : 2019-07-30 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-1(1)-006
S. Ashour
Apert syndrome (AS) a type of acrocephalosyndactyly is a rare congenital disorder with autosomal dominant mode of transmission that consists of craniofacial synostosis, midfacial hypoplasia and bilateral limb syndactyly. Patients present in early childhood for multiple surgeries which make it imperative to know about various anaesthetic implications like difficult airway ventilation, airway hyper reactivity, associated congenital anomalies, increased airway secretions and deranged temperature thermoregulation associated with this syndrome. The patient should be thoroughly evaluated preoperatively and managed accordingly. We discuss the successful management of a three and a half years old male child two simple, rapid and selective colorimetric methods were developed for the determination of zolmitriptan (ZMT) in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. These methods are based on the directly formation of charge-transfer complexes between ZMT and m-nitrophenol (MNP) in aqueous medium (ZMT: MNP, 1:1) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in ethanol:water (80:20). The developed method involves formation of coloured complexes (1:1) of ZMT with MNP and DNP. The yellow formed complexes were quantitatively measured at 400 and 440 nm for ZMT-MNP and ZMT-DNP, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 3.0–260 μg/mL for MNP and 3.5–120 μg/mL for DNP. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation for MNP were calculated as 0.58 and 1.75 μg/mL, respectively, and for DNP were 0.32 and 0.97 μg/mL, respectively. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, robustness and selectivity. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of ZMT in tablets.
Apert综合征(AS)是一种罕见的先天性疾病,具有常染色体显性传播模式,包括颅面缝闭,面中部发育不全和双肢并指。患者在儿童早期进行多次手术,这使得必须了解各种麻醉的影响,如气道通气困难,气道高反应性,相关的先天性异常,气道分泌物增加以及与此综合征相关的体温调节紊乱。术前应对患者进行全面的评估和相应的管理。本文讨论了对一名三岁半男孩的成功管理,建立了两种简单、快速和选择性的比色法测定纯唑米曲坦和制剂的含量。这些方法是基于ZMT和间硝基苯酚(MNP)在水介质(ZMT: MNP, 1:1)和2,4-二硝基苯酚(DNP)在乙醇:水(80:20)中直接形成电荷转移配合物。所开发的方法包括与MNP和DNP形成1:1的ZMT有色配合物。ZMT-MNP和ZMT-DNP分别在400 nm和440 nm处定量测定了形成的黄色配合物。MNP在3.0 ~ 260 μg/mL、DNP在3.5 ~ 120 μg/mL范围内符合Beer定律。MNP的检测限和定量限分别为0.58和1.75 μg/mL, DNP的检测限和定量限分别为0.32和0.97 μg/mL。验证了该方法的准确性、鲁棒性和选择性。该方法已成功地应用于片剂中ZMT的测定。
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引用次数: 0
The Appendageal Wainscot- Dermoid Cyst Appendageal Wainscot-Dermoid囊肿
Pub Date : 2019-07-25 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-1(1)-002
Anu Bajaj
Epidermoid and dermoid cystsare developmental cysts which ensue from displacement ofembryologic tissue or sites of fusion of embryonic elementsand weredescribed by Roser in 1859.Congenital dermoid cysts are described as a dys-embryogeniclesions arising from entrapped ectodermal tissueduringgestational midlinefusionoffirst or secondbranchial arch. Acquireddermoid cysts were designated as “Implantation cysts” in 1895by Sutton and can be engendered bysurgical procedures, as a variant of thyroglossal duct cyst oras traumatic manifestationdisplaying entrapped surface epithelium and implanted epithelial cells of deep connective tissue with subsequent differentiation and configuration of a cyst. Dermoid cysts are commonly asymptomatic and secondary infection ensures the emergence of clinical symptoms. Dermoid cysts are soft, nodular, sessile lesions with an absent pedicle and are discerned on commonly enunciated onfacial regions such as the upper lip, gingiva, palate, uvula or as intra-oral lesions, although no site is exempt.
表皮样囊肿和皮样囊肿是由胚胎组织移位或胚胎成分融合部位引起的发育性囊肿,由Roser于1859年描述。先天性皮样囊肿是一种胚胎发育异常的病变,发生于妊娠中期第一或第二鳃弓灌注时外胚层组织被包裹。获得性皮样囊肿于1895年由Sutton命名为“植入性囊肿”,可通过外科手术产生,是甲状舌管囊肿的一种变体,其创伤表现为深结缔组织的表面上皮被包裹,上皮细胞被植入,随后分化并形成囊肿。皮样囊肿通常是无症状的,继发感染保证了临床症状的出现。皮样囊肿是一种柔软的、结节状的、无蒂的无根性病变,通常出现在表面区域,如上唇、牙龈、上颚、小舌或口腔内,尽管没有任何部位是例外。
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引用次数: 1
Critical Appraisal of a Research report of Student Perceptions and Understanding of Client-Therapist Interactions within the Inpatient Acute Care Environment: Qualitative Study 对住院急症护理环境中学生感知和理解客户-治疗师互动的研究报告的批判性评价:定性研究
Pub Date : 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-1(1)-001
A. S. Rahman
The aim of this appraisal was to assess the validity and reliability of this qualitative research report. In general, this qualitative research study shows its appropriateness and credibility. Data collection procedure was seemed unclear but sampling strategy and sample size, data collection time, study group and settings were clearly described. Inductive analytical process was applied during analysis of data. The researchers showed their understanding of data through description of coding and theme based charting. The authors used quotations from different participants to validate their transparency and trustworthiness. The reliability between the data presented and study findings were clearly examined. The summary findings and interpretations were clearly described and presented in qualitative research journal.
本次评估的目的是评估本定性研究报告的有效性和可靠性。总的来说,这项定性研究显示了其适当性和可信度。数据收集程序似乎不清楚,但采样策略和样本量、数据收集时间、研究组和设置都有明确的描述。在数据分析过程中采用了归纳分析过程。研究人员通过描述编码和基于主题的图表来展示他们对数据的理解。作者引用了不同参与者的话来验证他们的透明度和可信度。所提供的数据与研究结果之间的可靠性得到了明确的检验。定性研究期刊对总结性研究结果和解释进行了清晰的描述和介绍。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of biomedical and allied research
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