Panayotis K Thanos, Mark S Gold, Kenneth Blum, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Nicole M Avena
{"title":"Bariatric surgery: Potential post-operative heightened sensitivity to substances or behaviors.","authors":"Panayotis K Thanos, Mark S Gold, Kenneth Blum, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Nicole M Avena","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9367099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Blum, Jean Lud Cadet, David Baron, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Mark S Gold
{"title":"Opioid and dopamine genes interact to predict precision naltrexone response in alcohol use disorder: Interpretation misfires.","authors":"Kenneth Blum, Jean Lud Cadet, David Baron, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Mark S Gold","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/a2/nihms-1811172.PMC9367130.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Aluko, A. Pignataro, Margherita De Introna, E. Bisicchia, Omamuyovwi M. Ijomone, S. Umukoro, M. Ammassari-Teule
{"title":"Methyl jasmonate rescues structural alterations in cortico-limbic neurons produced by the unpredictable chronic mild stress model of depression","authors":"O. Aluko, A. Pignataro, Margherita De Introna, E. Bisicchia, Omamuyovwi M. Ijomone, S. Umukoro, M. Ammassari-Teule","doi":"10.15761/jsin.1000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jsin.1000254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response of somatosensory cortex neurons to stimulation ventro-postero-medial nucleus of the thalamus in WAG/Rij rats genetically predisposed to absence epilepsy","authors":"Tsvetaeva Da, Raevsky Vv","doi":"10.15761/jsin.1000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jsin.1000251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priya Miranda, S. Danev, Michael Alexander, Jonathan RT Lakey
Quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) and the QEEG normative database help in characterization of normal versus neurocognitive diseases, in diagnosis and prognosis and in treatment tailoring. Constructing QEEG normative databases and standardization of QEEG protocols for use in both research and clinical settings has proven challenging over the last 61 years. The present paper focuses on a) historical and technical milestones the field had to overcome, b) standards to be followed when constructing and validating a normative databases, c) commonly used normative databases, and d) provides an illustrated step-by-step guide to QEEG normative database validation and comparison. *Correspondence to: Jonathan RT Lakey, PhD, MSM, Department of Surgery, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA 92868, USA, Tel: 1-949-824-8022; Fax: 1-714-456-6188; E-mail: jlakey@hs.uci.edu Received: January 07, 2021; Accepted: January 31, 2021; Published: February 08, 2021 Other areas where QEEG has made unique contributions include; epilepsy screening and in drug-resistant epilepsy, in court sentencing, pharmaco-QEEG, neurocognitive issues, traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, post-concussion syndrome, mood disorders, exoor endogenously induced behavioral disorders, attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD), schizophrenia, depression, tinnitus, encephalopathies and alcohol and/or substance abuse [3-7]. On the issue of differential diagnosis of cross-border diseases another parallel development which has bearing on QEEG’s usefulness as a diagnostic and prognostic tool is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (Figure 1) [8]. Changes in disease definitions and classification as per the DSM influence cross-study comparability, QEEG derived biomarker reliability and validity. However, DSM-5, released in 2013 keeping in mind neurocognitive developments in the field has helped lay to rest many of the issues pertinent to disease classification [8]. The backbone of the QEEG is the normative database (a term coined by Graham and Dietlien in 1965) used in drawing comparisons [9]. In the hands of the untrained (operators, data analyzers and interpreters), the QEEG can yield results that are not of clinical relevance [10]. Therefore, over the last 61 years several QEEG standards have been developed to ensure. • The validity and reliability of QEEG for research and clinical use in diagnosis, prognosis and pharmaco-QEEG, • That a balance between “standardized medicine” and “precision medicine” is struck so as to meet the World Health Organization Miranda P (2021) Technical and statistical milestones and standards for construction, validation and/or comparison of Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG) normative databases J Syst Integr Neurosci, 2021 doi: 10.15761/JSIN.1000247 Volume 7: 2-13 Figure 1. History of the scientific, technical and statistical improvements in constructing QEEG normative databases Miranda P (2021) Technical and statistical milestone
定量脑电图(QEEG)和QEEG规范数据库有助于正常与神经认知疾病的表征,诊断和预后以及治疗定制。在过去的61年里,为研究和临床环境构建QEEG规范数据库和标准化QEEG协议已被证明具有挑战性。本文着重于a)该领域必须克服的历史和技术里程碑,b)在构建和验证规范性数据库时应遵循的标准,c)常用的规范性数据库,以及d)提供了QEEG规范性数据库验证和比较的图解分步指南。*通讯:Jonathan RT Lakey博士,男同性恋者,外科,333 City Blvd West, Orange, CA 92868,室1600,电话:1-949-824-8022;传真:1-714-456-6188;邮箱:jlakey@hs.uci.edu收稿日期:2021年01月07日;录用日期:2021年1月31日;QEEG做出独特贡献的其他领域包括;癫痫筛查和耐药癫痫、法庭量刑、药物- qeeg、神经认知问题、创伤性脑损伤(TBI)严重程度、脑震荡后综合征、情绪障碍、外源性或内源性行为障碍、注意力缺陷障碍(ADD/ADHD)、精神分裂症、抑郁症、耳鸣、脑病、酒精和/或药物滥用[3-7]。在跨界疾病的鉴别诊断问题上,另一个与QEEG作为诊断和预后工具有用性有关的平行发展是精神疾病诊断和统计手册(DSM)(图1)[8]。根据DSM的疾病定义和分类的变化影响交叉研究的可比性,QEEG衍生的生物标志物的信度和效度。然而,2013年发布的DSM-5,考虑到该领域的神经认知发展,帮助解决了许多与疾病分类相关的问题。QEEG的主干是用于进行比较的规范数据库(Graham和Dietlien于1965年创造的术语)。在未经训练的人员(操作员、数据分析人员和口译员)手中,QEEG可能产生与临床无关的结果。因此,在过去的61年中,已经开发了几个QEEG标准来确保。•QEEG在诊断、预后和药物方面的研究和临床应用的有效性和可靠性,•在“标准化医学”和“精准医学”之间取得平衡,以满足世界卫生组织Miranda P(2021)关于定量脑电图(QEEG)规范数据库的构建、验证和/或比较的技术和统计里程碑和标准[J]系统集成神经科学,2021 doi: 10.15761/JSIN.1000247卷7:2 -13图1。Miranda P(2021)定量脑电图(QEEG)规范数据库的构建、验证和/或比较的技术和统计里程碑和标准[J]系统集成神经科学,2021 doi: 10.15761/JSIN.1000247卷7:3-13(世卫组织)“高5s项目”的目标,以确保患者的安全,并最终[11]。•满足健康保险要求[11-17]。•EEG数据采集、可视化(同步、连通性和地形特征)、处理(去伪化、提取和分类)、存储和统计比较的标准方法已经并正在不断发展(图1)[9-17]。•规范数据库建设的标准方法,相同的指南和FDA注册的规范数据库。•全世界都在努力生成长尾数据,并将它们合并成大数据,以便进行交叉研究和跨文化比较[16-18]。本文的目的是提出;i)对过去61年来适用于QEEG和QEEG规范数据库的技术和统计里程碑和标准的简要历史回顾(图1和2)(表1),ii)涉及规范数据库评估和比较的协议(图3),iii)使用中的常见规范QEEG数据库,iv)提供从EEG记录到z分数计算的规范数据库评估和比较的逐步指导。然后使用media的BrainView等脑电图机构建地形图(图4a, 4b)。
{"title":"Technical and statistical milestones and standards for construction, validation and/or comparison of Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG) normative databases","authors":"Priya Miranda, S. Danev, Michael Alexander, Jonathan RT Lakey","doi":"10.15761/jsin.1000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jsin.1000247","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) and the QEEG normative database help in characterization of normal versus neurocognitive diseases, in diagnosis and prognosis and in treatment tailoring. Constructing QEEG normative databases and standardization of QEEG protocols for use in both research and clinical settings has proven challenging over the last 61 years. The present paper focuses on a) historical and technical milestones the field had to overcome, b) standards to be followed when constructing and validating a normative databases, c) commonly used normative databases, and d) provides an illustrated step-by-step guide to QEEG normative database validation and comparison. *Correspondence to: Jonathan RT Lakey, PhD, MSM, Department of Surgery, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA 92868, USA, Tel: 1-949-824-8022; Fax: 1-714-456-6188; E-mail: jlakey@hs.uci.edu Received: January 07, 2021; Accepted: January 31, 2021; Published: February 08, 2021 Other areas where QEEG has made unique contributions include; epilepsy screening and in drug-resistant epilepsy, in court sentencing, pharmaco-QEEG, neurocognitive issues, traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, post-concussion syndrome, mood disorders, exoor endogenously induced behavioral disorders, attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD), schizophrenia, depression, tinnitus, encephalopathies and alcohol and/or substance abuse [3-7]. On the issue of differential diagnosis of cross-border diseases another parallel development which has bearing on QEEG’s usefulness as a diagnostic and prognostic tool is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (Figure 1) [8]. Changes in disease definitions and classification as per the DSM influence cross-study comparability, QEEG derived biomarker reliability and validity. However, DSM-5, released in 2013 keeping in mind neurocognitive developments in the field has helped lay to rest many of the issues pertinent to disease classification [8]. The backbone of the QEEG is the normative database (a term coined by Graham and Dietlien in 1965) used in drawing comparisons [9]. In the hands of the untrained (operators, data analyzers and interpreters), the QEEG can yield results that are not of clinical relevance [10]. Therefore, over the last 61 years several QEEG standards have been developed to ensure. • The validity and reliability of QEEG for research and clinical use in diagnosis, prognosis and pharmaco-QEEG, • That a balance between “standardized medicine” and “precision medicine” is struck so as to meet the World Health Organization Miranda P (2021) Technical and statistical milestones and standards for construction, validation and/or comparison of Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG) normative databases J Syst Integr Neurosci, 2021 doi: 10.15761/JSIN.1000247 Volume 7: 2-13 Figure 1. History of the scientific, technical and statistical improvements in constructing QEEG normative databases Miranda P (2021) Technical and statistical milestone","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The cognitive profile in Slovak children with autism spectrum disorders","authors":"H. Celušáková, Katarína Polónyiov, D. Ostatníková","doi":"10.15761/jsin.1000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jsin.1000242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67485945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Blum, Richard Green, Jessica Smith, Luis Llanos-Gomez, David Baron, Rajendra D Badgaiyan
An estimated 14.5 million United States (U.S.) citizens ages 12 and older consume enough alcohol to meet the diagnosis for alcohol use disorder (AUD), as reported by the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality in 2018. A National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) conducted in 2019, revealed that 85.6 percent of adults admit to consuming alcohol at some point during their life, 69.5 percent of adults admit to having consumed alcohol within the past year, and 54.9 percent (51.0 percent of adult females and 59.1 percent of adult males) self-report to have consumed alcohol within the past month. The survey also reported that among adults, 25.8 percent (22.2 percent of adult females and 29.7 percent of adult males) reported engaging in binge drinking within the past 30 days. The survey also revealed the 6.3 percent of adults (4.5 percent of adult females and 8.3 percent of adult males) reported to engage in heavy alcohol use within the past 30 days [1]
{"title":"Hypothesizing High Negative Emotionality as a Function of Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Testing in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).","authors":"Kenneth Blum, Richard Green, Jessica Smith, Luis Llanos-Gomez, David Baron, Rajendra D Badgaiyan","doi":"10.15761/jsin.1000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jsin.1000245","url":null,"abstract":"An estimated 14.5 million United States (U.S.) citizens ages 12 and older consume enough alcohol to meet the diagnosis for alcohol use disorder (AUD), as reported by the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality in 2018. A National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) conducted in 2019, revealed that 85.6 percent of adults admit to consuming alcohol at some point during their life, 69.5 percent of adults admit to having consumed alcohol within the past year, and 54.9 percent (51.0 percent of adult females and 59.1 percent of adult males) self-report to have consumed alcohol within the past month. The survey also reported that among adults, 25.8 percent (22.2 percent of adult females and 29.7 percent of adult males) reported engaging in binge drinking within the past 30 days. The survey also revealed the 6.3 percent of adults (4.5 percent of adult females and 8.3 percent of adult males) reported to engage in heavy alcohol use within the past 30 days [1]","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8793765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39749914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Blum, David Baron, Rehan Jalali, Edward J Modestino, Bruce Steinberg, Igor Elman, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Mark S Gold
{"title":"Polygenic and multi locus heritability of alcoholism: Novel therapeutic targets to overcome psychological deficits.","authors":"Kenneth Blum, David Baron, Rehan Jalali, Edward J Modestino, Bruce Steinberg, Igor Elman, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Mark S Gold","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000240","DOIUrl":"10.15761/JSIN.1000240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8547332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39564275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01Epub Date: 2019-12-19DOI: 10.15761/JSIN.1000221
K Blum, A Bowirrat, D Baron, L Lott, J V Ponce, R Brewer, D Siwicki, B Boyett, M C Gondre-Lewis, D E Smith, Thanos Panayotis K, S Badgaiyan, M Hauser, L Fried, Roy A, B W Downs, R D Badgaiyan
Research into the neurogenetic basis of addiction identified and characterized by Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) includes all drug and non-drug addictive, obsessive and compulsive behaviors. We are proposing herein that a new model for the prevention and treatment of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) a subset of RDS behaviors, based on objective biologic evidence, should be given serious consideration in the face of a drug epidemic. The development of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) followed seminal research in 1990, whereby, Blum's group identified the first genetic association with severe alcoholism published in JAMA. While it is true that no one to date has provided adequate RDS free controls there have been many studies using case -controls whereby SUD has been eliminated. We argue that this deficiency needs to be addressed in the field and if adopted appropriately many spurious results would be eliminated reducing confusion regarding the role of genetics in addiction. However, an estimation, based on these previous literature results provided herein, while not representative of all association studies known to date, this sampling of case- control studies displays significant associations between alcohol and drug risk. In fact, we present a total of 110,241 cases and 122,525 controls derived from the current literature. We strongly suggest that while we may take argument concerning many of these so-called controls (e.g. blood donors) it is quite remarkable that there are a plethora of case -control studies indicating selective association of these risk alleles ( measured in GARS) for the most part indicating a hypodopaminergia. The paper presents the detailed methodology of the GARS. Data collection procedures, instrumentation, and the analytical approach used to obtain GARS and subsequent research objectives are described. Can we combat SUD through early genetic risk screening in the addiction field enabling early intervention by the induction of dopamine homeostasis? It is envisaged that GARS type of screening will provide a novel opportunity to help identify causal pathways and associated mechanisms of genetic factors, psychological characteristics, and addictions awaiting additional scientific evidence including a future meta- analysis of all available data -a work in progress.
{"title":"Biotechnical development of genetic addiction risk score (GARS) and selective evidence for inclusion of polymorphic allelic risk in substance use disorder (SUD).","authors":"K Blum, A Bowirrat, D Baron, L Lott, J V Ponce, R Brewer, D Siwicki, B Boyett, M C Gondre-Lewis, D E Smith, Thanos Panayotis K, S Badgaiyan, M Hauser, L Fried, Roy A, B W Downs, R D Badgaiyan","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/JSIN.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research into the neurogenetic basis of addiction identified and characterized by Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) includes all drug and non-drug addictive, obsessive and compulsive behaviors. We are proposing herein that a new model for the prevention and treatment of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) a subset of RDS behaviors, based on objective biologic evidence, should be given serious consideration in the face of a drug epidemic. The development of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) followed seminal research in 1990, whereby, Blum's group identified the first genetic association with severe alcoholism published in JAMA. While it is true that no one to date has provided adequate RDS free controls there have been many studies using case -controls whereby SUD has been eliminated. We argue that this deficiency needs to be addressed in the field and if adopted appropriately many spurious results would be eliminated reducing confusion regarding the role of genetics in addiction. However, an estimation, based on these previous literature results provided herein, while not representative of all association studies known to date, this sampling of case- control studies displays significant associations between alcohol and drug risk. In fact, we present a total of <b>110,241</b> cases and <b>122,525</b> controls derived from the current literature. We strongly suggest that while we may take argument concerning many of these so-called controls (e.g. blood donors) it is quite remarkable that there are a plethora of case -control studies indicating selective association of these risk alleles ( measured in GARS) for the most part indicating a hypodopaminergia. The paper presents the detailed methodology of the GARS. Data collection procedures, instrumentation, and the analytical approach used to obtain GARS and subsequent research objectives are described. Can we combat SUD through early genetic risk screening in the addiction field enabling early intervention by the induction of dopamine homeostasis? It is envisaged that GARS type of screening will provide a novel opportunity to help identify causal pathways and associated mechanisms of genetic factors, psychological characteristics, and addictions awaiting additional scientific evidence including a future meta- analysis of all available data -a work in progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7891477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25390455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramdani, E. Sagui, B. Schmid, O. Castagna, K. Davranche, F. Vidal, T. Hasbroucq
A recent information processing model of two-choice RT situations (Servant et al., 2015), suggests that conditions which reduce the duration of peripheral motor processes, should also reduce the efficiency of the action monitoring system, because letting no time enough for correction of partial errors (i.e. subthreshold transient muscle activity of the agonists of the incorrect response preceding the correct response). A physiological situation, namely sustained physical exercise, has repeatedly been reported to reduce the duration of response execution. Therefore, in order to test the prediction of the model, we compared action monitoring efficiency between a sustained exercise (59.42% of MAP) and a control (15 W) condition in the same subjects while they were performing a Simon task. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of muscles implicated in the response allowed to measure premotor time (time interval between the stimulus and the onset of the EMG burst) and motor time (MT, time interval between the onset of the EMG burst and the mechanical response, which gives access to response execution processes). Electromyogram further permitted to unmask partial errors. Correction ratio was calculated by dividing the number of partial errors by the number of incorrect activations (partial errors + errors). As expected, exercise decreased MT. In addition, exercise reduced the correction ratio. Furthermore, there was a positive inter-subject correlation between these two dependent variables. In line with Servant et al.'s model (2015), we propose that the drop in the efficiency of cognitive control was due to insufficient MT available for action monitoring to operate when incorrect activations were produced.
最近一项关于两种选择RT情境的信息处理模型(Servant et al., 2015)表明,减少外周运动过程持续时间的条件,也应该降低动作监测系统的效率,因为没有足够的时间来纠正部分错误(即在正确反应之前,错误反应的激动剂的阈下短暂肌肉活动)。一种生理状况,即持续的体育锻炼,已经多次被报道可以减少反应执行的持续时间。因此,为了验证模型的预测,我们比较了同一受试者在执行Simon任务时持续运动(59.42%的MAP)和对照(15 W)条件下的动作监测效率。肌电图(EMG)记录与反应有关的肌肉,可以测量运动前时间(刺激和肌电爆发之间的时间间隔)和运动时间(MT,肌电爆发和机械反应之间的时间间隔,可以获得反应执行过程)。肌电图进一步揭示了部分错误。修正率的计算方法是部分错误数除以错误激活数(部分错误数+错误数)。正如预期的那样,运动降低了MT。此外,运动降低了校正率。此外,这两个因变量之间存在正的主体间相关。根据Servant等人的模型(2015),我们提出认知控制效率的下降是由于在产生错误激活时,可用于动作监控的MT不足。
{"title":"Action monitoring fails when motor execution is too fast: no time for correction","authors":"Ramdani, E. Sagui, B. Schmid, O. Castagna, K. Davranche, F. Vidal, T. Hasbroucq","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/5fd49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5fd49","url":null,"abstract":"A recent information processing model of two-choice RT situations (Servant et al., 2015), suggests that conditions which reduce the duration of peripheral motor processes, should also reduce the efficiency of the action monitoring system, because letting no time enough for correction of partial errors (i.e. subthreshold transient muscle activity of the agonists of the incorrect response preceding the correct response). A physiological situation, namely sustained physical exercise, has repeatedly been reported to reduce the duration of response execution. Therefore, in order to test the prediction of the model, we compared action monitoring efficiency between a sustained exercise (59.42% of MAP) and a control (15 W) condition in the same subjects while they were performing a Simon task. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of muscles implicated in the response allowed to measure premotor time (time interval between the stimulus and the onset of the EMG burst) and motor time (MT, time interval between the onset of the EMG burst and the mechanical response, which gives access to response execution processes). Electromyogram further permitted to unmask partial errors. Correction ratio was calculated by dividing the number of partial errors by the number of incorrect activations (partial errors + errors). As expected, exercise decreased MT. In addition, exercise reduced the correction ratio. Furthermore, there was a positive inter-subject correlation between these two dependent variables. In line with Servant et al.'s model (2015), we propose that the drop in the efficiency of cognitive control was due to insufficient MT available for action monitoring to operate when incorrect activations were produced.","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47757882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}