Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology最新文献

As a replacement for phased-out perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer carboxylic acid (HFPO-TA) exhibits environmental persistence and multisystem toxicity, affecting reproductive, hepatic, neurological and endocrine functions. Despite its industrial adoption, emerging studies reveal bioaccumulation risks and mechanistic toxicity through oxidative stress, metabolic disruption and inflammation. This review synthesizes evidence of HFPO-TA's health impacts, highlighting unresolved female reproductive toxicity and dose–response relationships.

Lisdexamfetamine (LDX), a prodrug of d-amphetamine, is widely used in the pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating disorder (BED). Chemically, it consists of the amino acid lysine linked to d-amphetamine. Its enzymatic conversion to d-amphetamine sets the stage for a prolonged and controlled release, influencing its clinical profile and differentiating it from other stimulant medications. As a central nervous system stimulant, LDX primarily acts by increasing the release of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and noradrenaline, in the brain. Clinically, this enhanced availability of neurotransmitters is believed to contribute to improvements in attention, focus and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. The side effects of LDX include insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss and xerostomia. This work reviews the pharmacological mechanisms, clinical applications and forensic considerations associated with its use. It is expected that clinicians, researchers and policymakers have a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of LDX.

Kytölä, S., Kurkela, M., Kiiski, J., Vänttinen, I., Ruokoranta, T., Partanen, A., Holopainen, A., Pyörälä, M., Kuusisto, M., Siitonen, T., Koskela, S., Rimpiläinen, J., Ettala, P., Kuusanmäki, H., Niemi, M., Backman, J. and Kontro, M. (2025), Capillary Sampling Enables Venetoclax Concentration Measurement in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Within Academic Multicentre Trial. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 136: e70041, https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.70041.

In this article, we have added the funding information in the Acknowledgement section as follows:

Open access publishing was facilitated by University of Helsinki, as part of the Wiley–FinELib agreement.

The publication explores the development of the Augmented Medication Risk Score (AUGMERIS) calculator, a web application supported by artificial intelligence, designed to automate the evaluation of medication therapies with the Danish Medication Risk Score (MERIS) method. It is a tool that assesses drug combinations and kidney function in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which helps clinical pharmacists identify high-risk patients. To overcome the problem of processing unstructured electronic health records (EHRs), a hybrid text processing model was created by combining rigorous algorithms and Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) technology, which was integrated into a web application along with an automated risk calculation programme. Our objective was to develop and test a globally accessible calculator application with the validation of performance on poor-quality data. Despite the validation limitations, the text processing function serves the application satisfactorily. The AUGMERIS web app is built with Python 3 and shared globally by Streamlit. Volunteer testers from eight different countries performed a total of 383 trial calculations. The application has the potential to improve global pharmacotherapy by identifying patients requiring medication reviews. Its wider adoption might enhance patient safety and optimize treatments in a variety of healthcare systems.

We evaluated trends in antidepressant use among pregnant women in Denmark from 2001 to 2023, comparing them with a matched comparison group from the general population. Data from the Danish Health Data Authority were used to assess annual antidepressant prescription redemption rates per 1000 pregnancies, with a focus on total antidepressant use, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Antidepressant use among pregnant women increased fivefold in the study period. In the comparison group, use increased 2.3-fold. After a decline following 2011, antidepressant use among pregnant women began to rise again in 2019, driven primarily by sertraline, which accounted for 76% of prescription redemptions in 2023. Other drugs such as escitalopram, duloxetine, mirtazapine and amitriptyline showed modest increases, while the use of most other antidepressants declined or stabilized. This upward trend likely reflects the influence of updated clinical guidelines and greater clinical acceptance of antidepressant use during pregnancy. Our findings emphasize how prescribing practices are sensitive to shifts in public discourse and guideline revisions, highlighting the importance of ongoing pharmacovigilance in managing maternal mental health.