Newborn and infant nursing reviews : NAINR最新文献

Today, neonatal and maternal health and mortality rates, and the effects on neonates, families, and societies have risen to the world’s policy stage. The recognition that most of neonatal and maternal deaths are preventable creates the “perfect storm or conditions” for professional organizations, private and public corporations, non-governmental organizations, and governmental groups to collaborate to improve health outcomes for these most vulnerable populations. The Council of International Neonatal Nurses, Inc. (COINN) unites neonatal nursing globally to bring the nursing perspective to this work. This column features an update from the jENS (Joint European Neonatal Societies) meeting in Budapest, Hungary, in September, 2015.

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) of the neonate is a devastating consequence of a spectrum of perinatal complications. The etiology of HIE is multifactorial with the level of neurological injury influenced by both the degree of ischemic insult and the infant’s gestational age. Early diagnostic imaging provides healthcare providers with objective data following ischemic brain injury, however it is unclear which modality or combination of modalities may provide the best prognostic information. Diffusion-weighted MRI has become the diagnostic tool of choice in moderate to severe neonatal HIE with a high predictive value; however the utility of MRI alone in mild HIE remains unclear. This case review presents an infant with HIE with abnormalities in both early cranial ultrasound and EEG, yet with a post-cooling MRI without significant abnormality. This case suggests that in mild HIE, multiple imaging modalities may be a more accurate predictor for neurological outcomes than MRI alone.

This Research Methodology Column will address issues and topics pertinent to conducting neonatal and infant research. Some of the columns will address current issues and topics, while others will address long-standing or classic issues and topics. The goals of these columns are to raise the consciousness of novice and expert nurse researchers about the research process with neonates and infants, and help troubleshoot issues that might prevent, impede, or suspend research. This first column is devoted to a discussion of patient access.

Subgaleal or subaponeurotic hemorrhage is the most serious form of extracranial hemorrhage in newborns. Although rare, subgaleal hemorrhage is associated with a mortality rate of with a mortality rate of 17%–25%. This disorder is a clinical emergency occurring at birth or within a few hours of life. The risk of death increases with delay in identifying the condition and initiating aggressive treatment. Understanding the risks and underlying pathophysiology and recognizing the clinical manifestations of SGH are imperative to promptly provide necessary life-saving intervention.

Ischemic strokes are more common in the perinatal period than at any other time of life. Several risk factors for perinatal stroke have been identified but the impact of or interactions between the risk factors are not well understood. To date, there are no reliable predictors of ischemic stroke on which to base prevention or treatment interventions. Studies in the last decade focusing specifically on IPS have improved the knowledge base for perinatal stroke but there are many areas that still need clarification, such as risk factors contributing to IPS and which of these might be utilized as predictive markers for newborns with increased risk. This article provides a review of what is currently known of the prevalence, potential risks, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of ischemic perinatal stroke.

This article describes a project selected by the Midwives for Life Award Committee which included some members of the International Confederation of Midwives for funding by the Sanofi Espoir Foundation regarding delayed cord clamping. This practice is part of the movement in Zambia to improve neonatal outcomes.

A premature birth can set the infant up for life long problems. One of the newly recognized health issues is childhood obesity. This article will examine the public health issues related to preterm birth, most specifically eating disorders leading to obesity.