Tom Van den Neucker, Lucilla Boito, Jan Soors, Jurgen Dewolf, Joost Mertens, Dimitri Van Pelt, Stefan Van Damme, Jonas Schoelynck
Short notes don’t have an abstract.
简短的笔记没有摘要。
{"title":"Leptocheirus pilosus Zaddach, 1844 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Corophiidae) expands its range to Belgium","authors":"Tom Van den Neucker, Lucilla Boito, Jan Soors, Jurgen Dewolf, Joost Mertens, Dimitri Van Pelt, Stefan Van Damme, Jonas Schoelynck","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2023.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2023.112","url":null,"abstract":"Short notes don’t have an abstract.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":"102 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is evidence that specialised metabolites of flowering plants occur in both vegetative parts and floral resources (i.e., pollen and nectar), exposing pollinators to their biological activities. While such metabolites may be toxic to bees, it may also help them to deal with environmental stressors. One example is heather nectar which has been shown to limit bumble bee infection by a trypanosomatid parasite, Crithidia sp., because of callunene activity. Besides in nectar, heather harbours high content of specialised metabolites in pollen such as flavonoids but they have been poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of Crithidia sp., heather pollen and its flavonoids on bumble bees using non-parasitised and parasitised microcolonies fed either control pollen diet (i.e., willow pollen), heather pollen diet, or flavonoid-supplemented pollen diet. We found that heather pollen and its flavonoids significantly affected microcolonies by decreasing pollen collection as well as offspring production, and by increasing male fat body content while parasite exposure had no significant effect except for an increase in male fat body. We did not find any medicinal effect of heather pollen or its flavonoids on parasitised bumble bees. Our results provide insights into the impact of pollen specialised metabolites on heather-bumble bee-parasite interactions. They underline the contrasting roles of the two floral resources for bumble bees and emphasize the importance of considering both nectar and pollen when addressing medicinal effects of a plant for pollinators.
{"title":"Heather pollen is not necessarily a healthy diet for bumble bees","authors":"Clément Tourbez, Irène Semay, Apolline Michel, Denis Michez, Pascal Gerbaux, Antoine Gekière, Maryse Vanderplanck","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2023.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2023.111","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence that specialised metabolites of flowering plants occur in both vegetative parts and floral resources (i.e., pollen and nectar), exposing pollinators to their biological activities. While such metabolites may be toxic to bees, it may also help them to deal with environmental stressors. One example is heather nectar which has been shown to limit bumble bee infection by a trypanosomatid parasite, Crithidia sp., because of callunene activity. Besides in nectar, heather harbours high content of specialised metabolites in pollen such as flavonoids but they have been poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of Crithidia sp., heather pollen and its flavonoids on bumble bees using non-parasitised and parasitised microcolonies fed either control pollen diet (i.e., willow pollen), heather pollen diet, or flavonoid-supplemented pollen diet. We found that heather pollen and its flavonoids significantly affected microcolonies by decreasing pollen collection as well as offspring production, and by increasing male fat body content while parasite exposure had no significant effect except for an increase in male fat body. We did not find any medicinal effect of heather pollen or its flavonoids on parasitised bumble bees. Our results provide insights into the impact of pollen specialised metabolites on heather-bumble bee-parasite interactions. They underline the contrasting roles of the two floral resources for bumble bees and emphasize the importance of considering both nectar and pollen when addressing medicinal effects of a plant for pollinators.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Vermeylen, B. De Kegel, T. De Wolf, D. Adriaens
Fish aquaculture is frequently confronted with skeletal abnormalities. In gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)), opercular deformities are one of the most common types of deformities. Many studies point at potential causal factors, mainly genetic or nutritional. However, no clear consensus has surfaced yet, and other factors known to affect bone formation remain unexplored, including mechanical stressors by external forces or muscle contraction. In this study, we investigated whether an altered mechanical use of the gill cover could be associated with opercular deformities, by inducing a change in the respiratory rate and thus gill ventilation. Juvenile seabreams were reared under 80, 100 or 200% dissolved oxygen (DO) to trigger altered respiration behaviour, and the effect on body and opercular shape was analysed. The main hypothesis was that hypoxic conditions would increase opercular ventilation, which would result in a higher prevalence of opercular deformities. The results show that the hypoxic condition (80% DO) did not trigger a significantly higher prevalence of opercular deformations, though the opposite is true for the hyperoxic condition (200% DO). No effect of oxygen treatment was observed on overall body shape, though deformed opercles showed a pronounced, but non-significant difference in shape across treatments. Morphometric results and µCT scans reveal that deformations mainly occur in the dorsocaudal region of the opercular bone. Although no causal link could be demonstrated, we discuss how these results can indirectly suggest that an altered mechanical loading on the operculum could explain its deformation.
{"title":"Skeletal deformities in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): exploring the association between mechanical loading and opercular deformation","authors":"Vincent Vermeylen, B. De Kegel, T. De Wolf, D. Adriaens","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2023.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2023.110","url":null,"abstract":"Fish aquaculture is frequently confronted with skeletal abnormalities. In gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)), opercular deformities are one of the most common types of deformities. Many studies point at potential causal factors, mainly genetic or nutritional. However, no clear consensus has surfaced yet, and other factors known to affect bone formation remain unexplored, including mechanical stressors by external forces or muscle contraction. In this study, we investigated whether an altered mechanical use of the gill cover could be associated with opercular deformities, by inducing a change in the respiratory rate and thus gill ventilation. Juvenile seabreams were reared under 80, 100 or 200% dissolved oxygen (DO) to trigger altered respiration behaviour, and the effect on body and opercular shape was analysed. The main hypothesis was that hypoxic conditions would increase opercular ventilation, which would result in a higher prevalence of opercular deformities. The results show that the hypoxic condition (80% DO) did not trigger a significantly higher prevalence of opercular deformations, though the opposite is true for the hyperoxic condition (200% DO). No effect of oxygen treatment was observed on overall body shape, though deformed opercles showed a pronounced, but non-significant difference in shape across treatments. Morphometric results and µCT scans reveal that deformations mainly occur in the dorsocaudal region of the opercular bone. Although no causal link could be demonstrated, we discuss how these results can indirectly suggest that an altered mechanical loading on the operculum could explain its deformation.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46438887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Gairin, Lana Minier, T. Claverie, C. Dromard, Tehani Maueau, A. Collin, B. Frédérich, F. Bertucci, D. Lecchini
Coastal habitats have long been recognised to be nurseries and growing grounds for many marine organisms. Worldwide, coastal hardening and urbanisation are leading to the removal of natural ecosystems. The tropical island of Bora-Bora in the South Pacific has undergone extensive coastal changes, with the construction of seawalls along more than half of its coastline since the 1950s. The daytime and night-time juvenile and adult fish communities were surveyed with multiple temporal replicates on a range of lagoon and coastal habitats on Bora-Bora. Over 47% of all fish on coastal habitats were juveniles. Mangroves, traditionally viewed as nurseries, had a high daytime and night-time abundance of juveniles, but less than 1% of the coastline of Bora-Bora consists of mangroves. The manmade seawalls, which are the most common type of coastal habitat on the island, were associated with lower juvenile densities during the day and promoted the presence of predators. The comparison of coastal and lagoon sites also highlighted contrasting life history strategies depending on coral reef fish species: although many favour coastal habitats as juveniles, others do not undergo ontogenetic shifts and thus other habitats must be considered when designing management plans to protect juvenile fish. Overall, our surveys show the importance of natural coastal zones in the lifecycle of numerous coral reef fish species in the lagoon of Bora-Bora and highlight the potential long-term impacts of coastal hardening on fish communities.
{"title":"Coral reef fish communities of natural habitats and man-made coastal structures in Bora-Bora (French Polynesia)","authors":"Emma Gairin, Lana Minier, T. Claverie, C. Dromard, Tehani Maueau, A. Collin, B. Frédérich, F. Bertucci, D. Lecchini","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2023.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2023.109","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal habitats have long been recognised to be nurseries and growing grounds for many marine organisms. Worldwide, coastal hardening and urbanisation are leading to the removal of natural ecosystems. The tropical island of Bora-Bora in the South Pacific has undergone extensive coastal changes, with the construction of seawalls along more than half of its coastline since the 1950s. The daytime and night-time juvenile and adult fish communities were surveyed with multiple temporal replicates on a range of lagoon and coastal habitats on Bora-Bora. Over 47% of all fish on coastal habitats were juveniles. Mangroves, traditionally viewed as nurseries, had a high daytime and night-time abundance of juveniles, but less than 1% of the coastline of Bora-Bora consists of mangroves. The manmade seawalls, which are the most common type of coastal habitat on the island, were associated with lower juvenile densities during the day and promoted the presence of predators. The comparison of coastal and lagoon sites also highlighted contrasting life history strategies depending on coral reef fish species: although many favour coastal habitats as juveniles, others do not undergo ontogenetic shifts and thus other habitats must be considered when designing management plans to protect juvenile fish. Overall, our surveys show the importance of natural coastal zones in the lifecycle of numerous coral reef fish species in the lagoon of Bora-Bora and highlight the potential long-term impacts of coastal hardening on fish communities.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44292337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of vehicle noise on farmland birds living in the vicinity of very busy roads was investigated. The study was conducted on two plots of crop fields located near national roads Nr. 12 and 19, the most important trunk roads in Poland and the eastern part of the Europe. The results of the current study are of wide relevance because crop fields are the dominant landscape type in both Poland and Europe. The conservation of the animals, including birds, living in such habitats is a priority issue in view of the strong pressure from human activities and the intensification of agriculture. The fieldwork was carried out in monthly from April to June 2020 and included counting birds in three rows of listening-observation points situated at 50, 150 and 250 m from the roads. At each observation point, all farmland and meadow birds seen and heard during a five-minute period were recorded, as was the maximum ambient noise level during this time. With increasing distance from the roads, the level of noise decreased while the number of individual birds and observed species increased. Most of the birds recorded, like skylark, lapwing, whinchat, yellowhammer, meadow pipit, pheasant, and common quail, avoided the vicinity of the roads. In contrast, the abundant yellow wagtail appeared to be insensitive to traffic noise and was evenly distributed over the two study plots. The roads and their associated traffic noise had a negative impact over a distance of about 100 m. At that distance, noise levels above 53–60 dB led to sharp falls in bird densities. Bird mortality due to collisions with vehicles was low because noise combined with the lack of attractive roadside habitats effectively deterred birds from the vicinity of the roads.
{"title":"How farmland birds react to traffic noise?","authors":"J. Wiącek","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2023.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2023.108","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of vehicle noise on farmland birds living in the vicinity of very busy roads was investigated. The study was conducted on two plots of crop fields located near national roads Nr. 12 and 19, the most important trunk roads in Poland and the eastern part of the Europe. The results of the current study are of wide relevance because crop fields are the dominant landscape type in both Poland and Europe. The conservation of the animals, including birds, living in such habitats is a priority issue in view of the strong pressure from human activities and the intensification of agriculture. The fieldwork was carried out in monthly from April to June 2020 and included counting birds in three rows of listening-observation points situated at 50, 150 and 250 m from the roads. At each observation point, all farmland and meadow birds seen and heard during a five-minute period were recorded, as was the maximum ambient noise level during this time. With increasing distance from the roads, the level of noise decreased while the number of individual birds and observed species increased. Most of the birds recorded, like skylark, lapwing, whinchat, yellowhammer, meadow pipit, pheasant, and common quail, avoided the vicinity of the roads. In contrast, the abundant yellow wagtail appeared to be insensitive to traffic noise and was evenly distributed over the two study plots. The roads and their associated traffic noise had a negative impact over a distance of about 100 m. At that distance, noise levels above 53–60 dB led to sharp falls in bird densities. Bird mortality due to collisions with vehicles was low because noise combined with the lack of attractive roadside habitats effectively deterred birds from the vicinity of the roads.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47960127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The common non-marine ostracod Cypridopsis vidua (O.F. Müller, 1776) is used as a proxy in various biological disciplines, such as (palaeo-)ecology, evolutionary biology, ecotoxicology and parasitology. This morphospecies was considered to be an obligate parthenogen. We report on the discovery of the first population of C. vidua with males from Woods Hole (MA, USA) and determine that it is a population with mixed reproduction. We describe the morphology of the males and of the sexual and asexual females. We illustrate a copula of a male and a sexual female as well insemination in a sexual female, showing that males are functional. Therefore, Cypridopsis vidua is a morphospecies with mixed reproduction, not a full apomictic parthenogen. We use, for the first time, polychromatic polarization microscope technology to illustrate soft parts of ostracods. In addition, we compare the sexual species C. bisexualis, C. okeechobei, C. howei and C. schwartzi and conclude that these species, especially the latter three, are morphologically very close to C. vidua.
{"title":"The common morphospecies Cypridopsis vidua (O.F. MÜLLER, 1776) (Crustacea, Ostracoda) is not an obligate parthenogen","authors":"K. Martens, M. Shribak, I. Arkhipova, I. Schön","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2023.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2023.107","url":null,"abstract":"The common non-marine ostracod Cypridopsis vidua (O.F. Müller, 1776) is used as a proxy in various biological disciplines, such as (palaeo-)ecology, evolutionary biology, ecotoxicology and parasitology. This morphospecies was considered to be an obligate parthenogen. We report on the discovery of the first population of C. vidua with males from Woods Hole (MA, USA) and determine that it is a population with mixed reproduction. We describe the morphology of the males and of the sexual and asexual females. We illustrate a copula of a male and a sexual female as well insemination in a sexual female, showing that males are functional. Therefore, Cypridopsis vidua is a morphospecies with mixed reproduction, not a full apomictic parthenogen. We use, for the first time, polychromatic polarization microscope technology to illustrate soft parts of ostracods. In addition, we compare the sexual species C. bisexualis, C. okeechobei, C. howei and C. schwartzi and conclude that these species, especially the latter three, are morphologically very close to C. vidua.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47146710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here, the abundance of macro-invertebrates (Arthropoda and Gastropoda) of eight green roofs and their adjacent ground level habitats in the city of Antwerp, Belgium, is compared. All higher-level taxa found were present in both types of habitats without significant differences in their overall abundance between green roofs and ground level habitats. However, we found significant differences in abundances between the two types of habitats, when specific taxa were compared. Beetles (Coleoptera), isopods (Isopoda) and bees (Anthophila) were more abundant at ground level sites compared to green roofs, while for true bugs (Heteroptera) and cicadas (Auchenorrhyncha) the opposite was found. Our results support the idea that extensive green roofs in Belgium can provide a suitable habitat for different invertebrate taxa, but further research is needed to identify the true drivers behind differences in abundance between ground level and adjacent green roofs.
{"title":"Macro-invertebrate abundance on green roofs versus ground level sites in the city of Antwerp, Belgium","authors":"J. Jacobs, N. Beenaerts, T. Artois","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2023.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2023.106","url":null,"abstract":"Here, the abundance of macro-invertebrates (Arthropoda and Gastropoda) of eight green roofs and their adjacent ground level habitats in the city of Antwerp, Belgium, is compared. All higher-level taxa found were present in both types of habitats without significant differences in their overall abundance between green roofs and ground level habitats. However, we found significant differences in abundances between the two types of habitats, when specific taxa were compared. Beetles (Coleoptera), isopods (Isopoda) and bees (Anthophila) were more abundant at ground level sites compared to green roofs, while for true bugs (Heteroptera) and cicadas (Auchenorrhyncha) the opposite was found. Our results support the idea that extensive green roofs in Belgium can provide a suitable habitat for different invertebrate taxa, but further research is needed to identify the true drivers behind differences in abundance between ground level and adjacent green roofs.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47974714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucilla Boito, Tom Van den Neucker, S. van Damme, J. Schoelynck
Short notes don’t have an abstract.
简短的笔记没有摘要。
{"title":"First record of the alien hooked mussel Ischadium recurvum (Rafinesque, 1820) (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Belgium","authors":"Lucilla Boito, Tom Van den Neucker, S. van Damme, J. Schoelynck","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2022.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2022.105","url":null,"abstract":"Short notes don’t have an abstract.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43761600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The seasonal and circadian activity patterns of Vipera ammodytes were studied in five sites in western Bulgaria between 2014 and 2017. Vipera ammodytes was active from the end of February to the first half of November. In spring, adult males emerged a few weeks earlier than females and immature vipers. In autumn, the different sex/age groups started their hibernation approximately at the same time. We registered differences in the seasonal and circadian activities between the different sex/age groups. Adult males and subadults were mostly encountered during spring and autumn, and juveniles mainly in autumn, while the encounter rate of adult females was steady throughout the activity period. Females’ circadian activity varied according to their reproductive status. The observed patterns might be a result of the complex effects of many factors, such as climatic conditions, differences in the reproductive behaviour and the cost of reproduction between sexes, as well as the trade-off between precise thermoregulation, predation risk and foraging needs.
{"title":"Sex- and age-related variations in seasonal and circadian activity of the Nose-horned Viper Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)","authors":"Angel Dyugmedzhiev, B. Naumov, N. Tzankov","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2022.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2022.104","url":null,"abstract":"The seasonal and circadian activity patterns of Vipera ammodytes were studied in five sites in western Bulgaria between 2014 and 2017. Vipera ammodytes was active from the end of February to the first half of November. In spring, adult males emerged a few weeks earlier than females and immature vipers. In autumn, the different sex/age groups started their hibernation approximately at the same time. We registered differences in the seasonal and circadian activities between the different sex/age groups. Adult males and subadults were mostly encountered during spring and autumn, and juveniles mainly in autumn, while the encounter rate of adult females was steady throughout the activity period. Females’ circadian activity varied according to their reproductive status. The observed patterns might be a result of the complex effects of many factors, such as climatic conditions, differences in the reproductive behaviour and the cost of reproduction between sexes, as well as the trade-off between precise thermoregulation, predation risk and foraging needs.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46697924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vocal recognition is widespread in the animal kingdom, and a necessary tool for offspring survival in some groups. Temporal patterns of animal vocalisations can facilitate communication and convey information such as identity, emotional state, or motivation of the caller. While pinniped (i.e., walrus, eared and true seals) vocalisations are generally well studied, and captive pinnipeds show strong timing abilities, little is known about the temporal structure of their calls in the wild. Here, we followed Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) during spontaneous search efforts at the Cape Cross Seal Reserve in Namibia. To investigate the temporal and rhythmic patterning of Cape fur seal attraction calls, we analysed call bouts of 80 mothers and 148 pups. We assessed the relative vocal efforts undertaken by mothers and pups by calculating calling rates, inter-call intervals (periods of silence between vocalisations), and the total time spent calling per bout. To explore the rhythmic structure of the calls, we visualised their temporal patterns by plotting the calling events and frequency histograms of the inter-onset-intervals between each two consecutive vocalisations in a bout. A normalized Pairwise Variability Index was calculated for each individual to investigate underlying patterns and compared between mothers and pups. Pups produced more calls per search, vocalised at higher rates, and took shorter breaks between consecutive vocalisations than females. Even though female vocalisations were much longer, there was no significant difference in the total time females and pups spent vocalising per bout. All animals vocalised at seemingly random intervals, with no distinguishable rhythmic pattern, suggesting that these do not encode identity information during mother-pup reunions. However, numerical analysis showed a potential asynchronous patterning within the age classes, possibly used in anti-masking. Our results indicate that Cape fur seal females and pups invest their energy differently during a search, and while their total calling effort is comparable, reunions seem to be driven mostly by the young.
{"title":"Temporal patterns in Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) mother and pup attraction calls","authors":"A. Osiecka, T. Gridley, J. Fearey","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2022.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2022.103","url":null,"abstract":"Vocal recognition is widespread in the animal kingdom, and a necessary tool for offspring survival in some groups. Temporal patterns of animal vocalisations can facilitate communication and convey information such as identity, emotional state, or motivation of the caller. While pinniped (i.e., walrus, eared and true seals) vocalisations are generally well studied, and captive pinnipeds show strong timing abilities, little is known about the temporal structure of their calls in the wild. Here, we followed Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) during spontaneous search efforts at the Cape Cross Seal Reserve in Namibia. To investigate the temporal and rhythmic patterning of Cape fur seal attraction calls, we analysed call bouts of 80 mothers and 148 pups. We assessed the relative vocal efforts undertaken by mothers and pups by calculating calling rates, inter-call intervals (periods of silence between vocalisations), and the total time spent calling per bout. To explore the rhythmic structure of the calls, we visualised their temporal patterns by plotting the calling events and frequency histograms of the inter-onset-intervals between each two consecutive vocalisations in a bout. A normalized Pairwise Variability Index was calculated for each individual to investigate underlying patterns and compared between mothers and pups. Pups produced more calls per search, vocalised at higher rates, and took shorter breaks between consecutive vocalisations than females. Even though female vocalisations were much longer, there was no significant difference in the total time females and pups spent vocalising per bout. All animals vocalised at seemingly random intervals, with no distinguishable rhythmic pattern, suggesting that these do not encode identity information during mother-pup reunions. However, numerical analysis showed a potential asynchronous patterning within the age classes, possibly used in anti-masking. Our results indicate that Cape fur seal females and pups invest their energy differently during a search, and while their total calling effort is comparable, reunions seem to be driven mostly by the young.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43690195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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