W. Zelalem, M. Mingist, W. Anteneh, M. Kibret, E. Adgo, Jan Nyssen, E. Verleyen, Alain De Vocht
Information on the spawning migration and habitat use of migratory fish is critical to protect and restore threatened or endangered populations. Twenty-two individuals of three species, namely Labeobarbus platydorsus, L. megastoma, and L. truttiformis, were implanted with radio tags to study their spawning migration in the Gumara River and its tributaries between July and October of 2018 to 2021. Fourteen individuals were found at least twice throughout their migration, eleven moved upstream up to 41.0 and 44.4 river kilometers (rkm), and three were tracked when moving downstream. The upstream spawning movement of the tagged fish lasted 9 to 27 days, and their ground speeds ranged from 0.07 to 1.50 km h-1. The habitat use of untagged Labeobarbus specimens in the spawning sites was also assessed using fyke nets, cast net fishing, and data from fishermen’s catches. Labeobarbus truttiformis mainly exploited the Kizen tributary stream with gravel substrates and less turbid water for spawning. Several small-sized individuals of L. megastoma spawned in the Wonzuma and Dukalit tributaries. By contrast, larger-sized specimens of L. platydorsus and L. megastoma spawned in the main river channel at the riffles and the gravel/pebble size substrate. Destructive fishing using gillnet dragging, filtering, and damming/fencing has recently intensified at the spawning areas (~ 41.0 rkm to 45.0 rkm), which likely affects spawning populations. Therefore, we recommend that fishing in the main river channel and tributaries must be banned during the months of August, September, and October to safeguard and conserve the threatened Labeobarbus species.
{"title":"Spawning migration and habitat characteristics of Labeobarbus species in the Gumara River and its tributaries, Lake Tana subbasin, Ethiopia","authors":"W. Zelalem, M. Mingist, W. Anteneh, M. Kibret, E. Adgo, Jan Nyssen, E. Verleyen, Alain De Vocht","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2024.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2024.183","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the spawning migration and habitat use of migratory fish is critical to protect and restore threatened or endangered populations. Twenty-two individuals of three species, namely Labeobarbus platydorsus, L. megastoma, and L. truttiformis, were implanted with radio tags to study their spawning migration in the Gumara River and its tributaries between July and October of 2018 to 2021. Fourteen individuals were found at least twice throughout their migration, eleven moved upstream up to 41.0 and 44.4 river kilometers (rkm), and three were tracked when moving downstream. The upstream spawning movement of the tagged fish lasted 9 to 27 days, and their ground speeds ranged from 0.07 to 1.50 km h-1. The habitat use of untagged Labeobarbus specimens in the spawning sites was also assessed using fyke nets, cast net fishing, and data from fishermen’s catches. Labeobarbus truttiformis mainly exploited the Kizen tributary stream with gravel substrates and less turbid water for spawning. Several small-sized individuals of L. megastoma spawned in the Wonzuma and Dukalit tributaries. By contrast, larger-sized specimens of L. platydorsus and L. megastoma spawned in the main river channel at the riffles and the gravel/pebble size substrate. Destructive fishing using gillnet dragging, filtering, and damming/fencing has recently intensified at the spawning areas (~ 41.0 rkm to 45.0 rkm), which likely affects spawning populations. Therefore, we recommend that fishing in the main river channel and tributaries must be banned during the months of August, September, and October to safeguard and conserve the threatened Labeobarbus species.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the mechanical stability of the air volume trapped within the diving bell of the water spider Argyroneta aquatica (Araneae;Cybaeidae); a thermodynamic analysis based on a model","authors":"D. Woermann","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.177","url":null,"abstract":"Short notes don’t have an abstract.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The feeding ecology of the Little Owl (Athene noctua) was studied in farmlands of southeast Poland, which is dominated by monocultural farms. 3065 prey dissected from pellets were collected at 13 pellet stations between 1999 and 2001 through 7 seasons in total. Mammals were found to dominate both in total number (54.3% of caught prey) and total biomass (93.0% of caught prey) while insects comprised 43.0% of the number, but only 1.1% of the prey biomass. However, the proportion of insects reached up to 62% in certain seasons. Coleopteran beetles dominated the insect fraction representing 98.3% of the number and 87.9% of the insect biomass. Our study also illustrated that in some seasons, the prey composition included taxa related to intensive agricultural management. The food composition of the Little Owls from the examined Polish sites is more similar to Eastern and Southern populations than to Northern and Western populations of Little Owls in Europe.
{"title":"Food Composition of the Little Owl Athene noctua in Farmland Areas of South East Poland","authors":"I. Kitowski, K. Pawlęga","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.169","url":null,"abstract":"The feeding ecology of the Little Owl (Athene noctua) was studied in farmlands of southeast Poland, which is dominated by monocultural farms. 3065 prey dissected from pellets were collected at 13 pellet stations between 1999 and 2001 through 7 seasons in total. Mammals were found to dominate both in total number (54.3% of caught prey) and total biomass (93.0% of caught prey) while insects comprised 43.0% of the number, but only 1.1% of the prey biomass. However, the proportion of insects reached up to 62% in certain seasons. Coleopteran beetles dominated the insect fraction representing 98.3% of the number and 87.9% of the insect biomass. Our study also illustrated that in some seasons, the prey composition included taxa related to intensive agricultural management. The food composition of the Little Owls from the examined Polish sites is more similar to Eastern and Southern populations than to Northern and Western populations of Little Owls in Europe.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the embryonic and post-hatching development of the chicken cerebellar cortex, and the number, size and area of the silver-staining nucleolus-organizer regions (AgNORs) were determined in cerebellar Purkinje cells in layer-hen (Babcock-B380) embryos and chickens. The mean transverse diameter of the Purkinje cells and their nuclei, and the mean area of the Purkinje cell nucleus and AgNOR area increased during the entire experimental period. The mean ratio of the AgNOR area to the Purkinje cell nucleus area reached its highest value at the 15th day of incubation. There was no difference between the mean AgNOR numbers per nucleus. These findings provide reference data for future studies in this and related research topics, for example for establishing AgNOR parameters and we also hope that our data will be supplemented with other techniques such as PCNA and TUNEL in the near future.
{"title":"The development of chicken cerebellar cortex and the determination of AgNOR activity of the Purkinje cell nuclei","authors":"Serdar Akar, E. Sur","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.171","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the embryonic and post-hatching development of the chicken cerebellar cortex, and the number, size and area of the silver-staining nucleolus-organizer regions (AgNORs) were determined in cerebellar Purkinje cells in layer-hen (Babcock-B380) embryos and chickens. The mean transverse diameter of the Purkinje cells and their nuclei, and the mean area of the Purkinje cell nucleus and AgNOR area increased during the entire experimental period. The mean ratio of the AgNOR area to the Purkinje cell nucleus area reached its highest value at the 15th day of incubation. There was no difference between the mean AgNOR numbers per nucleus. These findings provide reference data for future studies in this and related research topics, for example for establishing AgNOR parameters and we also hope that our data will be supplemented with other techniques such as PCNA and TUNEL in the near future.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recognizing the dearth of information on the biodiversity and biogeography of Southeast Asian micrometazoa, particularly sessile rotifers, we examined two samples of submerged aquatic macrophytes (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle and Utri cularia sp.) from different sites in Cambodia. We were able to distinguish a total of 23 taxa, three of which may represent undescribed species. Two more taxa could not unequivocally be ascribed to a known species. We further comment on the distribution of Octotrocha speciosa Thorpe, which may be much less widespread than previously thought. In addition to the three possibly new species, nine are newly recorded for the Oriental region; of these, two are recorded for the second time ever. All represent new records for the fauna of Cambodia. Our results illustrate the need for more detailed and thorough taxonomic and faunistic studies on this group of poorly known organisms.
{"title":"New records of sessile rotifers (Phylum Rotifera: Flosculariacea, Collothecacea) from Southeast Asia","authors":"H. Segers, Phuripong Meksuwan, L. Sanoamuang","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.174","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing the dearth of information on the biodiversity and biogeography of Southeast Asian micrometazoa, particularly sessile rotifers, we examined two samples of submerged aquatic macrophytes (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle and Utri cularia sp.) from different sites in Cambodia. We were able to distinguish a total of 23 taxa, three of which may represent undescribed species. Two more taxa could not unequivocally be ascribed to a known species. We further comment on the distribution of Octotrocha speciosa Thorpe, which may be much less widespread than previously thought. In addition to the three possibly new species, nine are newly recorded for the Oriental region; of these, two are recorded for the second time ever. All represent new records for the fauna of Cambodia. Our results illustrate the need for more detailed and thorough taxonomic and faunistic studies on this group of poorly known organisms.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Live trapping is used extensively for small mammal studies in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. The effectiveness of such studies is dependent on several factors. This paper attempts to investigate how one of these factors, namely the trapping intensity, affects the assessment of species richness and abundance of small mammals in rainforest ecosystems in southwest Sri Lanka. Eight-day live trapping surveys were conducted in seven selected forests yielding a total of 5600 trap days with a total of 186 individuals belonging to nine species being captured. It was evident that, using 100 traps with a trap density of 140 traps per ha, over 90% of the species recorded from each of the seven forests were captured within the initial four days of live trapping after which the rate of capture of new species sharply declined. The results also show that the more common species were captured sooner than the more rare ones. Considering these trends, a four-day trapping protocol could be recommended to broadly compare small mammal communities between forests or habitat types. The number of individuals captured, on the other hand, probably attracted by the bait, increased as trapping progressed; this very likely leads to overestimation of species abundance. Since such projects in developing countries are subject to budgetary constraints, costs incurred are also addressed.
{"title":"Efficiency of live trapping protocols to assess small mammal diversity in tropical rainforests of Sri Lanka","authors":"M. Wijesinghe","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.170","url":null,"abstract":"Live trapping is used extensively for small mammal studies in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. The effectiveness of such studies is dependent on several factors. This paper attempts to investigate how one of these factors, namely the trapping intensity, affects the assessment of species richness and abundance of small mammals in rainforest ecosystems in southwest Sri Lanka. Eight-day live trapping surveys were conducted in seven selected forests yielding a total of 5600 trap days with a total of 186 individuals belonging to nine species being captured. It was evident that, using 100 traps with a trap density of 140 traps per ha, over 90% of the species recorded from each of the seven forests were captured within the initial four days of live trapping after which the rate of capture of new species sharply declined. The results also show that the more common species were captured sooner than the more rare ones. Considering these trends, a four-day trapping protocol could be recommended to broadly compare small mammal communities between forests or habitat types. The number of individuals captured, on the other hand, probably attracted by the bait, increased as trapping progressed; this very likely leads to overestimation of species abundance. Since such projects in developing countries are subject to budgetary constraints, costs incurred are also addressed.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imran Khaliq, Muhammad Hussnain Babar, M. Riaz, A. Khan
We used Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to investigate the genetic structure of two populations of see-see partridge (Ammoperdix griseogularis, Galliformes) from the Suleiman range, in the Pakistani Himalayan region. The see-see partridge is a vulnerable species with a distribution in the Middle East and central Asia. The percentage of polymorphic bands (94.05%), Shannon Index (H = 0.455) and Nei’s average gene diversity (I = 0.298) of A. griseogularis at species level were rather high when compared with other avian species. 17% of polymorphic loci showed statistically significant differences in their allelic frequencies. The G (Nei’s coefficient of genetic variation) values indicated low levels of differentiation (G = 0.08). A genetic distance D of 0.05 indicated that both populations were to some degree in isolation but their differentiation was not significant. Overall, our genetic data can support action plans aiming to locally preserve differentiated genetic resources that, in the future, could potentially result in ecologically and behaviourally differentiated populations. In view of the rapid environmental changes that the Himalayan region has been experiencing in the last decade, this study could help in conservation plans.
{"title":"Genetic diversity in see-see partridge (Ammoperdix griseogularis, Galliformes) populations from sub-Himalayan Mountain ranges of Pakistan","authors":"Imran Khaliq, Muhammad Hussnain Babar, M. Riaz, A. Khan","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.173","url":null,"abstract":"We used Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to investigate the genetic structure of two populations of see-see partridge (Ammoperdix griseogularis, Galliformes) from the Suleiman range, in the Pakistani Himalayan region. The see-see partridge is a vulnerable species with a distribution in the Middle East and central Asia. The percentage of polymorphic bands (94.05%), Shannon Index (H = 0.455) and Nei’s average gene diversity (I = 0.298) of A. griseogularis at species level were rather high when compared with other avian species. 17% of polymorphic loci showed statistically significant differences in their allelic frequencies. The G (Nei’s coefficient of genetic variation) values indicated low levels of differentiation (G = 0.08). A genetic distance D of 0.05 indicated that both populations were to some degree in isolation but their differentiation was not significant. Overall, our genetic data can support action plans aiming to locally preserve differentiated genetic resources that, in the future, could potentially result in ecologically and behaviourally differentiated populations. In view of the rapid environmental changes that the Himalayan region has been experiencing in the last decade, this study could help in conservation plans.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Derivation of variance estimators and statistical inference for indices of sexual size dimorphism: an example","authors":"S. Nemes, T. Hartel","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.175","url":null,"abstract":"Short notes don’t have an abstract.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we present data relating to nest density and habitat use by the Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor in the Târnava Mare Valley, Romania, using both nesting tree parameters (microhabitat), and habitat parameters measured in a 100m radius around each nest. The density of nests was 0.96 per km². Average distance between nests was 768.4m. Most of the nests (94.1%) were found in poplars, in the region of the middle third of their trunk, especially at the terminal parts of the branches. The birds preferred open habitats, with extended arable field cover. Moreover, the tree and shrub cover were small in areas used for nesting. As poplars are the preferred nesting habitats of this bird, and are scarcely represented in this area, the protection of these trees is critical for conservation of the Lesser Grey Shrike.
{"title":"Habitat use by the endangered Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor in Central Romania","authors":"C. Moga, T. Hartel, K. Öllerer, Á. Szapanyos","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.172","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present data relating to nest density and habitat use by the Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor in the Târnava Mare Valley, Romania, using both nesting tree parameters (microhabitat), and habitat parameters measured in a 100m radius around each nest. The density of nests was 0.96 per km². Average distance between nests was 768.4m. Most of the nests (94.1%) were found in poplars, in the region of the middle third of their trunk, especially at the terminal parts of the branches. The birds preferred open habitats, with extended arable field cover. Moreover, the tree and shrub cover were small in areas used for nesting. As poplars are the preferred nesting habitats of this bird, and are scarcely represented in this area, the protection of these trees is critical for conservation of the Lesser Grey Shrike.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First record of Synurella ambulans (Müller 1846) (Amphipoda: Crangonictidae) in Belgium","authors":"P. Boets, K. Lock, P. Goethals","doi":"10.26496/bjz.2010.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2010.176","url":null,"abstract":"Short notes don’t have an abstract.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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