L. M. Kouakou, W. Dekoninck, M. Koné, T. Delsinne, Kolo Yeo, Kaly Ouattara, S. Konaté
An important issue in biodiversity conservation is the early detection of introduced and invasive organisms and identification of regions that may either be points of introduction or be particularly prone to invasion. Among insects, ants are easily transported worldwide by humans, and several species, such as Solenopsis geminata or Pheidole megacephala , can be highly invasive. To establish an initial baseline for urban ant monitoring in Cote d’Ivoire (Western Africa), fifteen cities - equally distributed over the three main ecoregions of the country - were surveyed using tuna baits as sampling method. A total of 103 ant species from 22 genera and 5 subfamilies were collected. We identified 10 potentially invasive species, amongst them two new species for the country: Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis globularia . Another highly invasive species, Paratrechina longicornis , was the most abundant species collected throughout the country. Potentially invasive ant species co-occurred with non-invasive species, and contributed importantly to the structure of ant assemblages of all sampled urban habitats. The present study provides evidence that introduced and invasive ant species are established in cities of Cote d’Ivoire, often in high numbers and are occurring over large areas of invasion.
{"title":"Diversity and distribution of introduced and potentially invasive ant species from the three main ecoregions of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)","authors":"L. M. Kouakou, W. Dekoninck, M. Koné, T. Delsinne, Kolo Yeo, Kaly Ouattara, S. Konaté","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2018.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2018.19","url":null,"abstract":"An important issue in biodiversity conservation is the early detection of introduced and invasive organisms and identification of regions that may either be points of introduction or be particularly prone to invasion. Among insects, ants are easily transported worldwide by humans, and several species, such as Solenopsis geminata or Pheidole megacephala , can be highly invasive. To establish an initial baseline for urban ant monitoring in Cote d’Ivoire (Western Africa), fifteen cities - equally distributed over the three main ecoregions of the country - were surveyed using tuna baits as sampling method. A total of 103 ant species from 22 genera and 5 subfamilies were collected. We identified 10 potentially invasive species, amongst them two new species for the country: Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis globularia . Another highly invasive species, Paratrechina longicornis , was the most abundant species collected throughout the country. Potentially invasive ant species co-occurred with non-invasive species, and contributed importantly to the structure of ant assemblages of all sampled urban habitats. The present study provides evidence that introduced and invasive ant species are established in cities of Cote d’Ivoire, often in high numbers and are occurring over large areas of invasion.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is demonstrated here that Charcotia Chevreux, 1906 (Amphipoda) has priority over Charcotia Vayssiere, 1906 (Gastropoda), and that Waldeckia Chevreux, 1906 has to be treated as an invalid objective junior synonym of Charcotia Chevreux, 1906. An analysis of a part of the mitochondrial COI gene of Charcotia indicates that Charcotia obesa sensu lato, consists of two genetically distant clades that fulfil the criteria of genetic species. Each genetic clade corresponds to a different morphotype. The first one has a low triangular protrusion on the dorsal border of urosomite 1, a strong tooth on epimeron 3, and the posterodistal corner of the basis of pereiopod 7 is regularly rounded. It agrees with the original description of Charcotia obesa Chevreux, 1906. The second one has a protrusion of urosomite 1 prolongated by a sharp and usually long denticle, a small tooth on epimeron 3, and the posterodistal corner of the basis of pereiopod 7 is bluntly angular. The second form is treated herein as a new species, Charcotia amundseni sp. nov., which is described in detail. While the bathymetric distribution of the two Antarctic Charcotia species overlaps (0–300 m for C. obesa and 7–1200 m for C. amundseni sp. nov.), C. obesa largely predominates at depths of less than 150 m, while Charcotia amundseni sp. nov. predominates at greater depths. Both species are widely distributed and presumably circum-Antarctic.
{"title":"The genus Charcotia Chevreux, 1906 in the Southern Ocean, with the description of a new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea).","authors":"C. D. D’ACOZ, I. Schön, H. Robert","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2018.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2018.18","url":null,"abstract":"It is demonstrated here that Charcotia Chevreux, 1906 (Amphipoda) has priority over Charcotia Vayssiere, 1906 (Gastropoda), and that Waldeckia Chevreux, 1906 has to be treated as an invalid objective junior synonym of Charcotia Chevreux, 1906. An analysis of a part of the mitochondrial COI gene of Charcotia indicates that Charcotia obesa sensu lato, consists of two genetically distant clades that fulfil the criteria of genetic species. Each genetic clade corresponds to a different morphotype. The first one has a low triangular protrusion on the dorsal border of urosomite 1, a strong tooth on epimeron 3, and the posterodistal corner of the basis of pereiopod 7 is regularly rounded. It agrees with the original description of Charcotia obesa Chevreux, 1906. The second one has a protrusion of urosomite 1 prolongated by a sharp and usually long denticle, a small tooth on epimeron 3, and the posterodistal corner of the basis of pereiopod 7 is bluntly angular. The second form is treated herein as a new species, Charcotia amundseni sp. nov., which is described in detail. While the bathymetric distribution of the two Antarctic Charcotia species overlaps (0–300 m for C. obesa and 7–1200 m for C. amundseni sp. nov.), C. obesa largely predominates at depths of less than 150 m, while Charcotia amundseni sp. nov. predominates at greater depths. Both species are widely distributed and presumably circum-Antarctic.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":"148 1","pages":"31-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42204719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RE is funded by a BOF-mandate (BSFFCMKDK) at Hasselt University. NW is funded as a postdoctoral researcher by FWO Flanders. Research equipment was funded by the Agency for Nature and Forest (ANB) (Belgium). Permissions were granted by the ANB and Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Belgium). We thank Herman Cremers for identifying the parasites. We also thank Eddy Ulenaers, Albert Geuens, Karen Vanmarcke and Fien Evens for their support.
{"title":"First records of the chewing louse Mulcticola hypoleucus (Denny, 1842) on the Eurasian nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Benelux","authors":"R. Evens, N. Beenaerts, N. Witters, T. Artois","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"RE is funded by a BOF-mandate (BSFFCMKDK) at Hasselt University. NW is funded as a postdoctoral researcher by FWO Flanders. Research equipment was funded by the Agency for Nature and Forest (ANB) (Belgium). Permissions were granted by the ANB and Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Belgium). We thank Herman Cremers for identifying the parasites. We also thank Eddy Ulenaers, Albert Geuens, Karen Vanmarcke and Fien Evens for their support.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45554091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis , is an emblematic and ecologically important species that was fished to virtual extinction in Belgian and Dutch waters in the 19th century. We report on recent findings of live specimens in Belgian and Dutch waters, an indication for the presence of O. edulis in these waters. Though small, these relict populations provide possibilities for natural recovery of O. edulis reefs in Belgian and Dutch waters, provided the oyster’s habitat requirements are restored (e.g., exclusion of bottom disturbance). We suggest investigating whether a natural, yet slow, recovery using fisheries closures and gravel bed restoration is a feasible alternative to the currently envisaged human-mediated re-introduction of O. edulis in the North Sea. We identify and address the challenge of O. edulis detection and identification as an important issue blurring the true presence and distribution of oysters.
{"title":"Recent findings of wild European flat oysters Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Belgian and Dutch offshore waters: new perspectives for offshore oyster reef restoration in the southern North Sea","authors":"F. Kerckhof, J. Coolen, B. Rumes, S. Degraer","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2018.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2018.16","url":null,"abstract":"The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis , is an emblematic and ecologically important species that was fished to virtual extinction in Belgian and Dutch waters in the 19th century. We report on recent findings of live specimens in Belgian and Dutch waters, an indication for the presence of O. edulis in these waters. Though small, these relict populations provide possibilities for natural recovery of O. edulis reefs in Belgian and Dutch waters, provided the oyster’s habitat requirements are restored (e.g., exclusion of bottom disturbance). We suggest investigating whether a natural, yet slow, recovery using fisheries closures and gravel bed restoration is a feasible alternative to the currently envisaged human-mediated re-introduction of O. edulis in the North Sea. We identify and address the challenge of O. edulis detection and identification as an important issue blurring the true presence and distribution of oysters.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":"148 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45194689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Da Rè, M. Graczyk, P. Ćwiertnia, M. Cassandro, T. Szwaczkowski, E. Sell-Kubiak
This study aimed to evaluate the genetic and environmental factors affecting the survival of the pygmy hippopotamus ( Choeropsis liberiensis ) population kept in zoological gardens, including the estimation of the inbreeding level. Survival was examined at three time points: birth (0–1 days), 1 month (30 days) and 5 years of age. The data were obtained from the Zoological Information Management System, and covered observations on 1196 pygmy hippo, collected between 1873 and April 2016 and grouped into five geographical regions (Africa, Australasia, Europe, USA and Canada, and South America). The analyses were performed using LOGIT and PROBIT transformations of the binominal survival data. No statistically significant differences (P-value > 0.05) were observed between the results obtained from the two transformations. The survival of individuals was found to decrease with increased level of inbreeding, the most significant effect being on survival at birth. At all three survival time points the highest survival was observed among females. Additionally, the Australasia region showed the highest overall survival. We hypothesize that the environment, climate and similarity of local food to the native diet of pygmy hippo allows animals kept in zoological gardens in that region to perform better than in other regions. The results of this study indicated that it is necessary to exercise vigilance in reducing inbreeding as it negatively impacts survival. This can be achieved by continued efforts to maintain and improve genetic diversity through management of breeding and associated transfer of animals between zoological facilities to reduce relatedness in breeding pairs.
{"title":"Explorative statistical analysis to identify factors affecting the survival of pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) kept in zoological gardens","authors":"Francesca Da Rè, M. Graczyk, P. Ćwiertnia, M. Cassandro, T. Szwaczkowski, E. Sell-Kubiak","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the genetic and environmental factors affecting the survival of the pygmy hippopotamus ( Choeropsis liberiensis ) population kept in zoological gardens, including the estimation of the inbreeding level. Survival was examined at three time points: birth (0–1 days), 1 month (30 days) and 5 years of age. The data were obtained from the Zoological Information Management System, and covered observations on 1196 pygmy hippo, collected between 1873 and April 2016 and grouped into five geographical regions (Africa, Australasia, Europe, USA and Canada, and South America). The analyses were performed using LOGIT and PROBIT transformations of the binominal survival data. No statistically significant differences (P-value > 0.05) were observed between the results obtained from the two transformations. The survival of individuals was found to decrease with increased level of inbreeding, the most significant effect being on survival at birth. At all three survival time points the highest survival was observed among females. Additionally, the Australasia region showed the highest overall survival. We hypothesize that the environment, climate and similarity of local food to the native diet of pygmy hippo allows animals kept in zoological gardens in that region to perform better than in other regions. The results of this study indicated that it is necessary to exercise vigilance in reducing inbreeding as it negatively impacts survival. This can be achieved by continued efforts to maintain and improve genetic diversity through management of breeding and associated transfer of animals between zoological facilities to reduce relatedness in breeding pairs.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":"148 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44538265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sand mining strongly alters the existing landscape, transforming an area into a mosaic of native (sand deposits) and foreign soils, strongly influencing biotic development. The method of restoration of such excavated areas is often debated: natural succession or active restoration. We investigated how natural succession shapes harvestman communities, as part of the soil-dwelling community. We sampled harvestmen over a continuous period of 14 months in 25 plots in an abandoned sand quarry in Belgium using pitfall traps. We found significant increases in harvestman activity-density, species richness and diversity with time since abandonment of the various sections of the quarry. After about 15 years, a drastic change in species composition was observed with the establishment of forest species that more strongly depend on humid conditions to complete their life cycle. Colonisation of harvestmen closely followed vegetation succession despite their limited mobility. We argue that natural succession could be a good management tool for restoring harvestman communities as well as those of other soil-dwelling invertebrates in abandoned sand quarries.
{"title":"Succession in harvestman (Opiliones) communities within an abandoned sand quarry in Belgium","authors":"P. Smedt, S. Poel","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2017.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2017.13","url":null,"abstract":"Sand mining strongly alters the existing landscape, transforming an area into a mosaic of native (sand deposits) and foreign soils, strongly influencing biotic development. The method of restoration of such excavated areas is often debated: natural succession or active restoration. We investigated how natural succession shapes harvestman communities, as part of the soil-dwelling community. We sampled harvestmen over a continuous period of 14 months in 25 plots in an abandoned sand quarry in Belgium using pitfall traps. We found significant increases in harvestman activity-density, species richness and diversity with time since abandonment of the various sections of the quarry. After about 15 years, a drastic change in species composition was observed with the establishment of forest species that more strongly depend on humid conditions to complete their life cycle. Colonisation of harvestmen closely followed vegetation succession despite their limited mobility. We argue that natural succession could be a good management tool for restoring harvestman communities as well as those of other soil-dwelling invertebrates in abandoned sand quarries.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":"147 1","pages":"155-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47746574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Mortelmans, E. Debusschere, S. Vranken, K. Deneudt, F. Hernandez, J. Mees
Since many commercial fish species and populations are parasitized (e.g., [2]), with often a severe impact on fitness and health, knowledge on parasites is of considerable ecological and economic importance [3]. In addition, organisms from lower trophic levels that form the base of the food chain, can be subject to parasites (e.g., [4]). In Belgium efforts have been taken to assess patterns and prevalence of parasites on whiting and dab during the years 1996–2011 [5], and to quantify parasites originating from marine dredge spoil disposal sites [6]. Otherwise, parasites have only been reported occasionally or as a sideproduct of a survey (e.g., [7]).
{"title":"Two marine parasitic crustaceans new to the Belgian fauna","authors":"J. Mortelmans, E. Debusschere, S. Vranken, K. Deneudt, F. Hernandez, J. Mees","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2017.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2017.12","url":null,"abstract":"Since many commercial fish species and populations are parasitized (e.g., [2]), with often a severe impact on fitness and health, knowledge on parasites is of considerable ecological and economic importance [3]. In addition, organisms from lower trophic levels that form the base of the food chain, can be subject to parasites (e.g., [4]). In Belgium efforts have been taken to assess patterns and prevalence of parasites on whiting and dab during the years 1996–2011 [5], and to quantify parasites originating from marine dredge spoil disposal sites [6]. Otherwise, parasites have only been reported occasionally or as a sideproduct of a survey (e.g., [7]).","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43594536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani, M. Aliabadian, E. Rastegar-pouyani, J. Darvish
Species distribution modeling is an important tool that uses ecological data to aid in biological conservation. In the present study we used prediction methods, including maximum entropy (Maxent), to project the distribution of the Persian Spider gecko and the impact of climate change on its distribution in Iran. The results were consistent between models and indicated that two of the most important variables in determining distribution of Agamura persica are mean temperature of the wettest quarter and temperature seasonality. All of the models used in this study obtained high area-under-the-curve (AUC) values. Because of the nocturnal behavior of the species, these variables can directly affect species’ activity by determining the vegetation type in habitat. Suitable habitats of Agamura persica were in two locations in eastern Iran and a third location in the central plateau. Habitat suitability for this species was increased in the last glacial maximum (LGM), at which time most parts of the Iranian Plateau were suitable (even southwest Iran). However, the suitable habitat area is restricted to the central part of the plateau in the current period. Predictions from four scenarios indicate that future habitat suitability will be patchy and that the central part of the plateau will remain the most important part of the species distribution.
{"title":"Predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution pattern of Agamura persica (Dumeril, 1856) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Iran","authors":"Sayyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani, M. Aliabadian, E. Rastegar-pouyani, J. Darvish","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2017.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2017.11","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution modeling is an important tool that uses ecological data to aid in biological conservation. In the present study we used prediction methods, including maximum entropy (Maxent), to project the distribution of the Persian Spider gecko and the impact of climate change on its distribution in Iran. The results were consistent between models and indicated that two of the most important variables in determining distribution of Agamura persica are mean temperature of the wettest quarter and temperature seasonality. All of the models used in this study obtained high area-under-the-curve (AUC) values. Because of the nocturnal behavior of the species, these variables can directly affect species’ activity by determining the vegetation type in habitat. Suitable habitats of Agamura persica were in two locations in eastern Iran and a third location in the central plateau. Habitat suitability for this species was increased in the last glacial maximum (LGM), at which time most parts of the Iranian Plateau were suitable (even southwest Iran). However, the suitable habitat area is restricted to the central part of the plateau in the current period. Predictions from four scenarios indicate that future habitat suitability will be patchy and that the central part of the plateau will remain the most important part of the species distribution.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46812188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palatal dentition in lizards is incompletely known, especially data on its variability are scarce. We studied variation in the number of pterygoid teeth in three species of Podarcis , a species-rich genus of lacertid lizards: terrestrial, P. siculus and saxicolous, P. erhardii and P. cretensis . In contrast to some previous studies, we found no sexual dimorphism in the number of palatal teeth in any of these species. The number of teeth was not correlated to lizard size. In our sample, P. cretensis on average had more teeth than did P. erhardii but fewer than did P. siculus . In addition, some specimens of P. cretensis and P. siculus showed asymmetry in the number of pterygoid teeth, which may be a result of anthropogenic pressure. The observed variability in the occurrence of palatal dentition illustrates the importance of scoring this character in phylogenetic analyses only on the basis of a sufficient sample.
蜥蜴的腭牙列尚不完全清楚，特别是关于其变异性的数据很少。我们研究了一种种类丰富的蜥蜴属Podarcis的翼类牙齿数量的变化:陆生，P. siculus和saxicolous, P. erhardii和P. cretensis。与以前的一些研究相反，我们发现这些物种的腭牙数量没有性别二态性。牙齿的数量与蜥蜴的大小无关。在我们的样本中，cretensis平均比P. erhardii有更多的牙齿，但比P. siculus少。另外，在某些标本中，cretensis和P. siculus的翼状齿数量不对称，这可能是人为压力的结果。观察到的腭牙列发生的变异性说明了在系统发育分析中，只有在足够的样本基础上对这一特征进行评分的重要性。
{"title":"Variability of pterygoid teeth in three species of Podarcis lizards and the utility of palatal dentition in lizard systematics","authors":"Tomasz Skawiński, B. Borczyk, E. Turniak","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2017.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2017.10","url":null,"abstract":"Palatal dentition in lizards is incompletely known, especially data on its variability are scarce. We studied variation in the number of pterygoid teeth in three species of Podarcis , a species-rich genus of lacertid lizards: terrestrial, P. siculus and saxicolous, P. erhardii and P. cretensis . In contrast to some previous studies, we found no sexual dimorphism in the number of palatal teeth in any of these species. The number of teeth was not correlated to lizard size. In our sample, P. cretensis on average had more teeth than did P. erhardii but fewer than did P. siculus . In addition, some specimens of P. cretensis and P. siculus showed asymmetry in the number of pterygoid teeth, which may be a result of anthropogenic pressure. The observed variability in the occurrence of palatal dentition illustrates the importance of scoring this character in phylogenetic analyses only on the basis of a sufficient sample.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48618838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Barasa, S. Mdyogolo, R. Abila, J. P. Grobler, R. Skilton, H. Bindeman, M. Njahira, E. J. Chemoiwa, O. Dangasuk, B. Kaunda-Arara, E. Verheyen
African catfish, Clarias gariepinus , is an important species in aquaculture and fisheries in Kenya. Mitochondrial D-loop control region was used to determine genetic variation and population structure in samples of C. gariepinus from 10 sites including five natural populations (Lakes Victoria (LVG), Kanyaboli (LKG), Turkana (LTA), Baringo (LBA) and Jipe (LJP), and five farms (Sangoro Aquaculture Center (SAN), Sagana Aquaculture Centre (SAG), University of Eldoret Fish Farm (UoE), Kibos Fish Farm (KIB), and Wakhungu Fish Farm (WKU)) in Kenya. Similarly, samples from eight localities (four natural populations: LVG/LKG, LTA, LBA, and four farmed: SAN, SAG, KIB, UoE) were genotyped using six microsatellite DNA loci. For the D-loop control region, samples from natural sites exhibited higher numbers of haplotypes and haplotype diversities compared to farmed samples, and 88.2% of haplotypes were private. All except LJP and LTA shared haplotypes, and the highest number of shared haplotypes (8) was detected in KIB. The 68 haplotypes we found in 268 individuals grouped into five phylogenetic clades: LVG/LKG, LTA, LBA, LJP and SAG. Haplotypes of farmed C. gariepinus mostly have haplotypes typical of LVG/LKG, and some shared haplotypes of the LBA population. Microsatellite analysis showed farmed samples have higher numbers of alleles than natural samples, but higher observed and expected heterozygosity levels were found in samples of natural populations. Fifteen pair-wise comparisons had significantly different FST values. All samples were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Samples from the eight localities grouped into four genetic clusters (LVG/LKG, LTA, LBA and SAG), indicating genetically distinct populations, which should be considered for aquaculture and conservation.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Kenya: implication for conservation and aquaculture – Corrigendum","authors":"J. Barasa, S. Mdyogolo, R. Abila, J. P. Grobler, R. Skilton, H. Bindeman, M. Njahira, E. J. Chemoiwa, O. Dangasuk, B. Kaunda-Arara, E. Verheyen","doi":"10.26496/BJZ.2017.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26496/BJZ.2017.14","url":null,"abstract":"African catfish, Clarias gariepinus , is an important species in aquaculture and fisheries in Kenya. Mitochondrial D-loop control region was used to determine genetic variation and population structure in samples of C. gariepinus from 10 sites including five natural populations (Lakes Victoria (LVG), Kanyaboli (LKG), Turkana (LTA), Baringo (LBA) and Jipe (LJP), and five farms (Sangoro Aquaculture Center (SAN), Sagana Aquaculture Centre (SAG), University of Eldoret Fish Farm (UoE), Kibos Fish Farm (KIB), and Wakhungu Fish Farm (WKU)) in Kenya. Similarly, samples from eight localities (four natural populations: LVG/LKG, LTA, LBA, and four farmed: SAN, SAG, KIB, UoE) were genotyped using six microsatellite DNA loci. For the D-loop control region, samples from natural sites exhibited higher numbers of haplotypes and haplotype diversities compared to farmed samples, and 88.2% of haplotypes were private. All except LJP and LTA shared haplotypes, and the highest number of shared haplotypes (8) was detected in KIB. The 68 haplotypes we found in 268 individuals grouped into five phylogenetic clades: LVG/LKG, LTA, LBA, LJP and SAG. Haplotypes of farmed C. gariepinus mostly have haplotypes typical of LVG/LKG, and some shared haplotypes of the LBA population. Microsatellite analysis showed farmed samples have higher numbers of alleles than natural samples, but higher observed and expected heterozygosity levels were found in samples of natural populations. Fifteen pair-wise comparisons had significantly different FST values. All samples were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Samples from the eight localities grouped into four genetic clusters (LVG/LKG, LTA, LBA and SAG), indicating genetically distinct populations, which should be considered for aquaculture and conservation.","PeriodicalId":8750,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49527541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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