Pub Date : 2006-10-30DOI: 10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.122
Judy D. Whipps
Emily Greene Balch (1867–1961) was an international peace activist and social reformer who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 for a lifetime of continuous work, primarily with women's organizations, for the cause of justice. Balch was a founding member of the Women's International League of Peace and Freedom and worked in an unofficial capacity with both the League of Nations and the United Nations. This essay brings Balch's work as a feminist peace activist into dialogue with contemporary issues, illustrating that the women of the early twentieth century faced many of the same issues that feminist peace activists continue to face today.
{"title":"The Feminist Pacifism of Emily Greene Balch, Nobel Peace Laureate","authors":"Judy D. Whipps","doi":"10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.122","url":null,"abstract":"Emily Greene Balch (1867–1961) was an international peace activist and social reformer who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 for a lifetime of continuous work, primarily with women's organizations, for the cause of justice. Balch was a founding member of the Women's International League of Peace and Freedom and worked in an unofficial capacity with both the League of Nations and the United Nations. This essay brings Balch's work as a feminist peace activist into dialogue with contemporary issues, illustrating that the women of the early twentieth century faced many of the same issues that feminist peace activists continue to face today.","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"122 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69200410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-30DOI: 10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.20
C. H. Seigfried
The problem I am concerned with is not just the disconnect between advocating the use of cooperative, peaceful resolution of differences to foreign governments while unilaterally waging a war of aggression against them, but why President George Bush, as the leader of a democratic republic, does not feel constrained from pursuing unilateral actions as deliberate public policy. To demonstrate how his stance reflects the lack of a broad democratic sensibility in the United States, I begin unearthing public perceptions of unilateralism and its antithesis; namely, sympathetic understanding and cooperative action, which Jane Addams, W.E.B. DuBois, and other pragmatists argue are the necessary expressions of a democratic way of life. I will therefore focus on the public press rather than academic journals and on the earlier phase of the war in Iraq when the United States both acted unilaterally and defended its right not to cooperate with other nations.
{"title":"The Dangers of Unilateralism","authors":"C. H. Seigfried","doi":"10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.20","url":null,"abstract":"The problem I am concerned with is not just the disconnect between advocating the use of cooperative, peaceful resolution of differences to foreign governments while unilaterally waging a war of aggression against them, but why President George Bush, as the leader of a democratic republic, does not feel constrained from pursuing unilateral actions as deliberate public policy. To demonstrate how his stance reflects the lack of a broad democratic sensibility in the United States, I begin unearthing public perceptions of unilateralism and its antithesis; namely, sympathetic understanding and cooperative action, which Jane Addams, W.E.B. DuBois, and other pragmatists argue are the necessary expressions of a democratic way of life. I will therefore focus on the public press rather than academic journals and on the earlier phase of the war in Iraq when the United States both acted unilaterally and defended its right not to cooperate with other nations.","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"20 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69200477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-30DOI: 10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.VII
Patsy Schweickart, Berenice A. Carroll, Janet Afary
{"title":"Feminism, Peace, and War","authors":"Patsy Schweickart, Berenice A. Carroll, Janet Afary","doi":"10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.VII","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.VII","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"vii - x"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69200524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encyclopedia of Women in Islamic Cultures Vols. I and II (review)","authors":"Rafia Zakaria","doi":"10.1353/NWSA.2006.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/NWSA.2006.0068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"202 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/NWSA.2006.0068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66454657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-30DOI: 10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.71
Batya Weinbaum
Obstacles to organizing peace can sometimes emerge because women have suffered previous sexual violence. Consequently, the frame through which they react to contemporary political situations, including peace demonstrations organized by transnational feminists, might at the core have an internal structure derived from previous violation that women then project to identify, modify, and contain controversy in external events. Therefore, closely examining the border between private and public spheres in women's lives might not always lead to progressive politics for women as a group, as some might hope. Rather, some women might attempt to recover from specifically sexual violence in previous wars, seizing upon discourse bound of national security. They may attempt to regain internal strength by fortifying gender identity that has been thrown into crisis, using nationalistic contours to reaffirm their sense of self. This might lead them to actively protest other women working for peace. Since trauma survivors exhibit modes of recounting life histories that vividly dramatize past events in order to draw attention to private pain in public, the force of such narrators who speak in the streets can upstage peaceworkers' events.
{"title":"How Sexual Trauma Can Create Obstacles to Transnational Feminism: The Case of Shifra","authors":"Batya Weinbaum","doi":"10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.71","url":null,"abstract":"Obstacles to organizing peace can sometimes emerge because women have suffered previous sexual violence. Consequently, the frame through which they react to contemporary political situations, including peace demonstrations organized by transnational feminists, might at the core have an internal structure derived from previous violation that women then project to identify, modify, and contain controversy in external events. Therefore, closely examining the border between private and public spheres in women's lives might not always lead to progressive politics for women as a group, as some might hope. Rather, some women might attempt to recover from specifically sexual violence in previous wars, seizing upon discourse bound of national security. They may attempt to regain internal strength by fortifying gender identity that has been thrown into crisis, using nationalistic contours to reaffirm their sense of self. This might lead them to actively protest other women working for peace. Since trauma survivors exhibit modes of recounting life histories that vividly dramatize past events in order to draw attention to private pain in public, the force of such narrators who speak in the streets can upstage peaceworkers' events.","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"71 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69200519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Checkbook and the Cruise Missile, and: An Ordinary Person's Guide to Empire, and: War Talk (review)","authors":"Stacy Bautista","doi":"10.1353/NWSA.2006.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/NWSA.2006.0044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"211 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/NWSA.2006.0044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66454273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Addams's pacifism grew out of her experiences working for social justice in Chicago's multi-national immigrant community. It rested on her well-tested conviction that justice and international comity could only be achieved through nonviolent means. While Addams at times used maternalist rhetoric, her pacifism was not based on a belief in woman's essential, pacifist nature. Instead, it was grounded on her understanding of democracy, social justice, and international peace as mutually defining concepts. For Addams, progress toward democracy, social justice, and peace involved both institutional reform and changes in moral, intellectual, and affective sensibilities. A person's sensibilities grow out of his or her experiences and change as that person encounters and reflects on new experiences. That is, acquiring new points of view entails reframing old viewpoints in light of the new experiences. In her speeches and writings, Addams often tried to foster such transitions. Addams's peace writings demonstrate that she believed there were many paths toward peaceful internationalism. Addams used many rhetorical frames, varying them in order to communicate most effectively with specific audiences. When Addams used maternalist rhetoric, she was showing how those who framed their experiences in these terms could revise and broaden this frame toward a peaceful internationalism.
{"title":"Addams's Internationalist Pacifism and the Rhetoric of Maternalism","authors":"M. Fischer","doi":"10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Addams's pacifism grew out of her experiences working for social justice in Chicago's multi-national immigrant community. It rested on her well-tested conviction that justice and international comity could only be achieved through nonviolent means. While Addams at times used maternalist rhetoric, her pacifism was not based on a belief in woman's essential, pacifist nature. Instead, it was grounded on her understanding of democracy, social justice, and international peace as mutually defining concepts. For Addams, progress toward democracy, social justice, and peace involved both institutional reform and changes in moral, intellectual, and affective sensibilities. A person's sensibilities grow out of his or her experiences and change as that person encounters and reflects on new experiences. That is, acquiring new points of view entails reframing old viewpoints in light of the new experiences. In her speeches and writings, Addams often tried to foster such transitions. Addams's peace writings demonstrate that she believed there were many paths toward peaceful internationalism. Addams used many rhetorical frames, varying them in order to communicate most effectively with specific audiences. When Addams used maternalist rhetoric, she was showing how those who framed their experiences in these terms could revise and broaden this frame toward a peaceful internationalism.","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69200395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-30DOI: 10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.162
B. Fisher
Through interweaving personal experience and feminist analysis, I explore the meaning of silences as they emerge in attempts by U.S. Jews to discuss their political differences over the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. After briefly describing how feminists have interpreted classroom silences, I look at three activist moments in which I held back, rather than fully speaking my mind, in response to an attack on my Women in Black politics. These moments involved silence out of fear of powerlessness, silence arising from confusion about the ethical implications of a shared Jewish identity, and silence resulting from deference to male authority. The question I raise throughout the essay is: how can or should Jews relate to each other?
通过个人经历和女权主义分析的交织，我探索了沉默的意义，因为他们出现在美国犹太人试图讨论他们对以色列/巴勒斯坦冲突的政治分歧。在简要描述了女权主义者如何解读课堂上的沉默之后，我回顾了三个积极的时刻，在我的“黑人女性政治”(Women in Black politics)受到攻击时，我没有说出自己的想法，而是忍住了。在这些时刻，沉默是出于对无能为力的恐惧，沉默是由于对共同的犹太人身份的伦理含义感到困惑，沉默是由于对男性权威的尊重。我在整篇文章中提出的问题是:犹太人如何能够或应该相互联系?
{"title":"A Meditation on Silences: Talking about the Israeli/Palestinian Conflict","authors":"B. Fisher","doi":"10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.162","url":null,"abstract":"Through interweaving personal experience and feminist analysis, I explore the meaning of silences as they emerge in attempts by U.S. Jews to discuss their political differences over the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. After briefly describing how feminists have interpreted classroom silences, I look at three activist moments in which I held back, rather than fully speaking my mind, in response to an attack on my Women in Black politics. These moments involved silence out of fear of powerlessness, silence arising from confusion about the ethical implications of a shared Jewish identity, and silence resulting from deference to male authority. The question I raise throughout the essay is: how can or should Jews relate to each other?","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"162 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69200455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-30DOI: 10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.88
Thomas M. Ricks
This article focuses on the observations and coping devices of 17- and 18-year-old Palestinian high school girls in regards to the violence in their streets, homes, and schools that occurred during the two Palestinian uprisings known as Intifadas against Israeli occupation in the West Bank towns of Ramallah and Bethlehem from 1987 to 2004. Based primarily on the oral histories and school diaries of the girls, this article underscores the ways that the Israeli occupation shaped the lives of many young women in Occupied West Bank, Palestine, and the variety of creative responses of these young women to conditions of urban warfare.
{"title":"In Their Own Voices: Palestinian High School Girls and Their Memories of the Intifadas and Nonviolent Resistance to Israeli Occupation, 1987 to 2004","authors":"Thomas M. Ricks","doi":"10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.88","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the observations and coping devices of 17- and 18-year-old Palestinian high school girls in regards to the violence in their streets, homes, and schools that occurred during the two Palestinian uprisings known as Intifadas against Israeli occupation in the West Bank towns of Ramallah and Bethlehem from 1987 to 2004. Based primarily on the oral histories and school diaries of the girls, this article underscores the ways that the Israeli occupation shaped the lives of many young women in Occupied West Bank, Palestine, and the variety of creative responses of these young women to conditions of urban warfare.","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"102 1","pages":"103 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69200522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-30DOI: 10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.133
Yuki Terazawa
This article discusses cases of sexual violence committed by the Japanese Army in China during the Asia-Pacific War and the redress movement for Chinese rape survivors started in the 1990s. I focus particularly on campaigns launched by women in rural Shanxi province in the People's Republic of China. Unlike survivors of wartime rape and sexual slavery by the Japanese Army in other Asian and European nations, Shanxi women had to develop their movement without strong government and grassroots support in their home country. The ambivalent attitude of the Chinese government regarding individual Chinese citizens' demand for redress from the Japanese government and corporations responsible for the wartime atrocities led women in Shanxi and their supporters in the People's Republic of China and Japan to form a remarkable transnational alliance.
{"title":"The Transnational Campaign for Redress for Wartime Rape by the Japanese Military: Cases for Survivors in Shanxi Province","authors":"Yuki Terazawa","doi":"10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/NWS.2006.18.3.133","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses cases of sexual violence committed by the Japanese Army in China during the Asia-Pacific War and the redress movement for Chinese rape survivors started in the 1990s. I focus particularly on campaigns launched by women in rural Shanxi province in the People's Republic of China. Unlike survivors of wartime rape and sexual slavery by the Japanese Army in other Asian and European nations, Shanxi women had to develop their movement without strong government and grassroots support in their home country. The ambivalent attitude of the Chinese government regarding individual Chinese citizens' demand for redress from the Japanese government and corporations responsible for the wartime atrocities led women in Shanxi and their supporters in the People's Republic of China and Japan to form a remarkable transnational alliance.","PeriodicalId":88071,"journal":{"name":"NWSA journal : a publication of the National Women's Studies Association","volume":"18 1","pages":"133 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69200416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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