Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2291338
T. M. Sharp, D. I. Officer, A. J. McConnachie
African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula Schrad. Nees, Poaceae) is an introduced pasture species which provides little grazing or nutritional value for livestock under the prevailing conditions in Aus...
非洲相思草。需要雇,禾本科)是一个介绍了牧草物种提供牲畜放牧或营养价值通行条件下来自……
{"title":"Understanding attitudes towards the biocontrol of African lovegrass: a segmentation approach","authors":"T. M. Sharp, D. I. Officer, A. J. McConnachie","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2291338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2291338","url":null,"abstract":"African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula Schrad. Nees, Poaceae) is an introduced pasture species which provides little grazing or nutritional value for livestock under the prevailing conditions in Aus...","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138632856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2290470
Samia El oirdi, Tarik Lakhlifi, Mohamed Reda Kachmar, Younes Dehmani, Jamal Houssaini, Abdelhaq Belhaj
Penicillium expansum contamination and patulin production can occur at various stages of the food chain, leading to detrimental effects on the quality and shelf life of food. Consequently, it is im...
{"title":"Patulin removal and biopreservation of apple by three lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from foods","authors":"Samia El oirdi, Tarik Lakhlifi, Mohamed Reda Kachmar, Younes Dehmani, Jamal Houssaini, Abdelhaq Belhaj","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2290470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2290470","url":null,"abstract":"Penicillium expansum contamination and patulin production can occur at various stages of the food chain, leading to detrimental effects on the quality and shelf life of food. Consequently, it is im...","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138548472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2280753
Eckhard Koch, Tobias Pfeiffer, Astrid von Galen, Tim Birr, Mario Hasler, Mathias Kotte, Ulf Feuerstein, Friederike Meyer-Wohlfarth, Petra Zink, Ada Linkies
In previous experiments, Trichoderma sp. BI 7376 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca BI 7439, applied as seed treatments, controlled soilborne Fusarium culmorum on maize. The current paper is focused on a deeper characterization of the effects of both strains. The experiments were conducted as pot tests with artificial inoculation of the substrate with F. culmorum, or with maize seed lots infected with Fusarium spp. When seeds were treated with Trichoderma strain BI 7376, Pseudomonas strain BI 7439 or with the chemical active ingredient thiram and stored before they were sown in substrate inoculated with F. culmorum, the protection by all agents declined. During the storage period of 211 days, the activity of thiram and Trichoderma strain BI 7376 dropped by about 38% and 57%, respectively. After 36 days of storage, Pseudomonas strain BI 7439 failed to provide any protection, which was obviously related to the observed total loss of viable cells of this agent. Moreover, we observed that both strains protected against soilborne F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides, showing that their activity was not limited to F. culmorum which was used in the previous experiments. Further, experiments with seed lots suspected or known to be infected with Fusarium species indicated that Trichoderma strain BI 7376 also controlled seedborne inoculum. When electron seed treatment was followed by application of Trichoderma strain BI 7376, both seed- and soilborne infections were controlled, showing that the concept of using a combination of a physical seed treatment and microbial antagonists appears feasible.
{"title":"Characterisation of <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. BI 7376 and <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i> subsp. <i>aurantiaca</i> BI 7439 as maize seed treatment for commercial traits","authors":"Eckhard Koch, Tobias Pfeiffer, Astrid von Galen, Tim Birr, Mario Hasler, Mathias Kotte, Ulf Feuerstein, Friederike Meyer-Wohlfarth, Petra Zink, Ada Linkies","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2280753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2280753","url":null,"abstract":"In previous experiments, Trichoderma sp. BI 7376 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca BI 7439, applied as seed treatments, controlled soilborne Fusarium culmorum on maize. The current paper is focused on a deeper characterization of the effects of both strains. The experiments were conducted as pot tests with artificial inoculation of the substrate with F. culmorum, or with maize seed lots infected with Fusarium spp. When seeds were treated with Trichoderma strain BI 7376, Pseudomonas strain BI 7439 or with the chemical active ingredient thiram and stored before they were sown in substrate inoculated with F. culmorum, the protection by all agents declined. During the storage period of 211 days, the activity of thiram and Trichoderma strain BI 7376 dropped by about 38% and 57%, respectively. After 36 days of storage, Pseudomonas strain BI 7439 failed to provide any protection, which was obviously related to the observed total loss of viable cells of this agent. Moreover, we observed that both strains protected against soilborne F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides, showing that their activity was not limited to F. culmorum which was used in the previous experiments. Further, experiments with seed lots suspected or known to be infected with Fusarium species indicated that Trichoderma strain BI 7376 also controlled seedborne inoculum. When electron seed treatment was followed by application of Trichoderma strain BI 7376, both seed- and soilborne infections were controlled, showing that the concept of using a combination of a physical seed treatment and microbial antagonists appears feasible.","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2272227
Abigail Sriram, Saliha Voyvot, Benjamin C. Johnson, Shehnaz Munnaf Chowdhury, Philip D. Fanning, Jana C. Lee
ABSTRACTParasitoids such as Ganaspis brasiliensis and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae are being researched for biological control of Drosophila suzukii, an important agricultural pest. Parasitoids can be monitored in the field by collecting infested fruit samples or using sentinel traps seeded with host larvae/pupae. Sentinel traps may be covered with a selective barrier to allow parasitoid movement, and prevent nontarget infestation and developing D. suzukii from exiting. In this study, two types of fabric mesh (‘square’ 1.1 × 1.1 mm2 and ‘oval’ 1.2 × 0.8 mm2) were assessed for restricting passage of D. suzukii, and enabling passage and parasitism by G. brasiliensis and P. vindemiae. Square wire meshes (1.04, 1.08, 1.11, 1.13, 1.18, and 1.53 mm2) were also tested as a durable alternative to the fabric mesh for G. brasiliensis sentinels. Both fabric meshes and the 1.08 and 1.13 mm2 square wire mesh prevented passage of D. suzukii. Passage was similar through fabric mesh for both parasitoids. For G. brasiliensis, parasitism was higher in open control sentinels than square mesh covered sentinels in one trial, but parasitism was similar at ∼40% in open and square mesh sentinels in another trial. The 1.04, 1.08 and 1.13 mm2 square wire mesh lowered G. brasiliensis parasitism. For P. vindemiae, parasitism was 2-fold higher in oval mesh than open sentinels which may be due to the mesh encouraging this wasp to forage longer. If a selective mesh must be used, the square fabric mesh prevented D. suzukii passage and resulted in the highest G. brasiliensis parasitism compared to wire meshes.KEYWORDS: Drosophila suzukiiGanapsis brasiliensisPachycrepoideus vindemiaespotted-wing Drosophilamonitoring AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Organic Research and Education Initiative under Grant 2022-51300-37890; USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Areawide Pest management Program administered by Stephen Young (National Program Leader); and USDA ARS CRIS project #2072-22000-040-00D.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by National Institute of Food and Agriculture: [Grant Number 2022-51300-37890]; Agricultural Research Service: [Grant Number 2072-22000-040-00D].
{"title":"Mesh covers on sentinel parasitoid traps prevent <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> movement and impact parasitism by <i>Ganaspis brasiliensis</i> and <i>Pachycrepoideus vindemiae</i>","authors":"Abigail Sriram, Saliha Voyvot, Benjamin C. Johnson, Shehnaz Munnaf Chowdhury, Philip D. Fanning, Jana C. Lee","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2272227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2272227","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTParasitoids such as Ganaspis brasiliensis and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae are being researched for biological control of Drosophila suzukii, an important agricultural pest. Parasitoids can be monitored in the field by collecting infested fruit samples or using sentinel traps seeded with host larvae/pupae. Sentinel traps may be covered with a selective barrier to allow parasitoid movement, and prevent nontarget infestation and developing D. suzukii from exiting. In this study, two types of fabric mesh (‘square’ 1.1 × 1.1 mm2 and ‘oval’ 1.2 × 0.8 mm2) were assessed for restricting passage of D. suzukii, and enabling passage and parasitism by G. brasiliensis and P. vindemiae. Square wire meshes (1.04, 1.08, 1.11, 1.13, 1.18, and 1.53 mm2) were also tested as a durable alternative to the fabric mesh for G. brasiliensis sentinels. Both fabric meshes and the 1.08 and 1.13 mm2 square wire mesh prevented passage of D. suzukii. Passage was similar through fabric mesh for both parasitoids. For G. brasiliensis, parasitism was higher in open control sentinels than square mesh covered sentinels in one trial, but parasitism was similar at ∼40% in open and square mesh sentinels in another trial. The 1.04, 1.08 and 1.13 mm2 square wire mesh lowered G. brasiliensis parasitism. For P. vindemiae, parasitism was 2-fold higher in oval mesh than open sentinels which may be due to the mesh encouraging this wasp to forage longer. If a selective mesh must be used, the square fabric mesh prevented D. suzukii passage and resulted in the highest G. brasiliensis parasitism compared to wire meshes.KEYWORDS: Drosophila suzukiiGanapsis brasiliensisPachycrepoideus vindemiaespotted-wing Drosophilamonitoring AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Organic Research and Education Initiative under Grant 2022-51300-37890; USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Areawide Pest management Program administered by Stephen Young (National Program Leader); and USDA ARS CRIS project #2072-22000-040-00D.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by National Institute of Food and Agriculture: [Grant Number 2022-51300-37890]; Agricultural Research Service: [Grant Number 2072-22000-040-00D].","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2275116
Jeffrey D. Cluever, Clint W. Beiermann, Nevin C. Lawrence, Jeffrey D. Bradshaw
Trichogramma spp. have been used or have been proposed for use in biological control programmes of lepidopteran pests, including the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, and the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. Releases are typically made by placing cards with parasitised eggs at set points in the field. However, this method can be cost-prohibitive due to its laborious nature. As a result, labour-saving mechanised release programmes have been developed, including distribution by spray equipment. However, few have investigated applying Trichogramma with a standard pesticide application (i.e. ‘tank mix’). As a first step to ascertain the feasibility of such a system, we observed the effect of immersion of T. ostriniae pupae in field-relevant concentrations of eight herbicides (bentazon, clethodim, fomesafen, quizalofop, Glacial acetic acid, glyphosate, imazamox, imazethapyr), three fungicides (Copper Hydroxide, flutriafol, and penthiopyrad), one insecticide (K+ salt of fatty acid), and five adjuvants (Ammonium Sulfate, Crop Oil Concentrate, Methylated seed oil, Non-ionic surfactant, and Urea-Ammonium Nitrate) on the emergence of T. ostriniae adults. The herbicides GAA and clethodim; the fungicides copper hydroxide, flutriafol, and penthiopyrad; and the adjuvants COC, MSO, and NIS all reduced T. ostriniae emergence compared to a water control. No emergence was observed with exposure to quizalofop, GAA, or K+ salt of fatty acid treatments. Other treatments did not affect emergence compared to water. Thus, deploying Trichogramma with a standard pesticide application may be a feasible labour-saving distribution method that warrants further investigation.
{"title":"Assessing the toxicity of selected pesticides to <i>Trichogramma ostriniae</i> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) pupae as a first step in the development of a potential novel deployment programme","authors":"Jeffrey D. Cluever, Clint W. Beiermann, Nevin C. Lawrence, Jeffrey D. Bradshaw","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2275116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2275116","url":null,"abstract":"Trichogramma spp. have been used or have been proposed for use in biological control programmes of lepidopteran pests, including the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, and the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. Releases are typically made by placing cards with parasitised eggs at set points in the field. However, this method can be cost-prohibitive due to its laborious nature. As a result, labour-saving mechanised release programmes have been developed, including distribution by spray equipment. However, few have investigated applying Trichogramma with a standard pesticide application (i.e. ‘tank mix’). As a first step to ascertain the feasibility of such a system, we observed the effect of immersion of T. ostriniae pupae in field-relevant concentrations of eight herbicides (bentazon, clethodim, fomesafen, quizalofop, Glacial acetic acid, glyphosate, imazamox, imazethapyr), three fungicides (Copper Hydroxide, flutriafol, and penthiopyrad), one insecticide (K+ salt of fatty acid), and five adjuvants (Ammonium Sulfate, Crop Oil Concentrate, Methylated seed oil, Non-ionic surfactant, and Urea-Ammonium Nitrate) on the emergence of T. ostriniae adults. The herbicides GAA and clethodim; the fungicides copper hydroxide, flutriafol, and penthiopyrad; and the adjuvants COC, MSO, and NIS all reduced T. ostriniae emergence compared to a water control. No emergence was observed with exposure to quizalofop, GAA, or K+ salt of fatty acid treatments. Other treatments did not affect emergence compared to water. Thus, deploying Trichogramma with a standard pesticide application may be a feasible labour-saving distribution method that warrants further investigation.","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2277652
Dalia Adly, Halima Mahmoud Ibrahim, Abd El-Hamed Mohamed Salleh
ABSTRACTThe Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, is a significant pest for grain crops worldwide. Bioagents such as the parasitoid, Aphidius colemani and the predator, Coccinella undecimpunctata have been shown to be effective against many aphid species. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of releasing these two bioagents on controlling D. noxia without using pesticides. To achieve this, three systems of release were evaluated in the field: (1) the parasitoid A. colemani at rate of 4 mummies/m2, (2) the predator C. undecimpunctata at rate of 10 individuals (3rd larval instar)/m2, and (3) A. colemani (4 mummies/m2) + C. undecimpunctata (10 individuals/m2) and control. After four releases, the combination of A. colemani and C. undecimpunctata resulted in the highest percentage of reduction in aphid population, with a reduction of 95.58, 95.53% in 2020 and 2021, followed by 86.94, 83.92% in A. colemani plots and the lowest reduction percentage in C. undecimpunctata plots, with 65.1, 68.92%, in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended to use the combination of the two bioagents, A. colemani and C. undecimpunctata for controlling D. noxia in a wheat field. Therefore, the use of a combination of natural enemies, carefully timed and repeated releases, and consideration of intraguild predation dynamics can help to achieve effective biological control of aphids in wheat crops. The use of natural enemies such as A. colemani and C. undecimpunctata can reduce the application of pesticides and promote sustainable pest management practices.KEYWORDS: Aphidparasitoidpredatorcombinationrelease Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of <i>Aphidius colemani</i> (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and <i>Coccinella undecimpunctata</i> (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) releases for the biological control of <i>Diuraphis noxia</i> in wheat fields","authors":"Dalia Adly, Halima Mahmoud Ibrahim, Abd El-Hamed Mohamed Salleh","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2277652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2277652","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, is a significant pest for grain crops worldwide. Bioagents such as the parasitoid, Aphidius colemani and the predator, Coccinella undecimpunctata have been shown to be effective against many aphid species. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of releasing these two bioagents on controlling D. noxia without using pesticides. To achieve this, three systems of release were evaluated in the field: (1) the parasitoid A. colemani at rate of 4 mummies/m2, (2) the predator C. undecimpunctata at rate of 10 individuals (3rd larval instar)/m2, and (3) A. colemani (4 mummies/m2) + C. undecimpunctata (10 individuals/m2) and control. After four releases, the combination of A. colemani and C. undecimpunctata resulted in the highest percentage of reduction in aphid population, with a reduction of 95.58, 95.53% in 2020 and 2021, followed by 86.94, 83.92% in A. colemani plots and the lowest reduction percentage in C. undecimpunctata plots, with 65.1, 68.92%, in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended to use the combination of the two bioagents, A. colemani and C. undecimpunctata for controlling D. noxia in a wheat field. Therefore, the use of a combination of natural enemies, carefully timed and repeated releases, and consideration of intraguild predation dynamics can help to achieve effective biological control of aphids in wheat crops. The use of natural enemies such as A. colemani and C. undecimpunctata can reduce the application of pesticides and promote sustainable pest management practices.KEYWORDS: Aphidparasitoidpredatorcombinationrelease Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2275114
Guy F. Sutton, Michael D. Day, Kim Canavan, Iain D. Paterson
ABSTRACTThe specialisation-disturbance hypothesis (SDH) predicts that specialist and generalist taxa respond differently to disturbance, with generalists more tolerant of disturbance, while habitat stability (i.e. no/limited disturbance) should favour specialist species. If the SDH holds true, this would have implications for the design and implementation of biological control programmes, in terms of performing native-range surveys in search of candidate agents and subsequent development of management programmes for their release in the weeds invaded range. We assessed the effect of anthropogenic disturbance (mowing/slashing and fire) on the endophagous insect communities associated with two African grasses, Sporobolus pyramidalis and Sporobolus natalensis (Poaceae), that are targets for biological control in Australia. Comparisons, of insect community structure and presence/abundance of each species between disturbed and undisturbed sites, were made at 19 sites in South Africa. Disturbance caused a shift in insect species composition and abundance, whereby specialist insects were less frequently encountered and less abundant at disturbed versus undisturbed sites. If the potential agents for Sporobolus spp. are released in Australia they may be negatively affected by disturbance and may therefore be incompatible with certain integrated management strategies, such as mowing and prescribed burning. Moreover, our results suggest that field sites with limited disturbance should be prioritised during native-range surveys to maximise the chances of locating specialist natural enemies. The effect disturbance has on insect community composition may be particularly relevant for the biological control of invasive grasses, due to the intensity of disturbance of grasslands worldwide.KEYWORDS: Mowingnative-range surveysPoaceaespecialisation-disturbance hypothesisSporobolusTetramesa AcknowledgementsWe thank Pippa Muskett for invaluable assistance in the field and Clarke van Steenderen for assisting with lab work. Funding was provided by AgriFutures Australia, the Australian Government under their Rural Research and Development for Profit programme and the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. Part of the funding for this work was provided by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation of South Africa. Any opinion, finding, conclusion or recommendation expressed in this material is that of the authors and the NRF does not accept any liability in this regard. Funding was also provided by the Working for Water (WfW) programme of the Department of Environmental Affairs: Natural Resource Management programme (DEA: NRM). Rhodes University is thanked for logistical support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Agrifutures Australia, the Australian Government under their Ru
{"title":"Anthropogenic disturbance affects specialist, but not generalist, endophagous insects associated with two African grasses: implications for biological control","authors":"Guy F. Sutton, Michael D. Day, Kim Canavan, Iain D. Paterson","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2275114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2275114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe specialisation-disturbance hypothesis (SDH) predicts that specialist and generalist taxa respond differently to disturbance, with generalists more tolerant of disturbance, while habitat stability (i.e. no/limited disturbance) should favour specialist species. If the SDH holds true, this would have implications for the design and implementation of biological control programmes, in terms of performing native-range surveys in search of candidate agents and subsequent development of management programmes for their release in the weeds invaded range. We assessed the effect of anthropogenic disturbance (mowing/slashing and fire) on the endophagous insect communities associated with two African grasses, Sporobolus pyramidalis and Sporobolus natalensis (Poaceae), that are targets for biological control in Australia. Comparisons, of insect community structure and presence/abundance of each species between disturbed and undisturbed sites, were made at 19 sites in South Africa. Disturbance caused a shift in insect species composition and abundance, whereby specialist insects were less frequently encountered and less abundant at disturbed versus undisturbed sites. If the potential agents for Sporobolus spp. are released in Australia they may be negatively affected by disturbance and may therefore be incompatible with certain integrated management strategies, such as mowing and prescribed burning. Moreover, our results suggest that field sites with limited disturbance should be prioritised during native-range surveys to maximise the chances of locating specialist natural enemies. The effect disturbance has on insect community composition may be particularly relevant for the biological control of invasive grasses, due to the intensity of disturbance of grasslands worldwide.KEYWORDS: Mowingnative-range surveysPoaceaespecialisation-disturbance hypothesisSporobolusTetramesa AcknowledgementsWe thank Pippa Muskett for invaluable assistance in the field and Clarke van Steenderen for assisting with lab work. Funding was provided by AgriFutures Australia, the Australian Government under their Rural Research and Development for Profit programme and the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. Part of the funding for this work was provided by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation of South Africa. Any opinion, finding, conclusion or recommendation expressed in this material is that of the authors and the NRF does not accept any liability in this regard. Funding was also provided by the Working for Water (WfW) programme of the Department of Environmental Affairs: Natural Resource Management programme (DEA: NRM). Rhodes University is thanked for logistical support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Agrifutures Australia, the Australian Government under their Ru","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2275117
Bruno Schulze, D. Gomez, J. B. Posadas
ABSTRACT We evaluated culture conditions (temperature, substrate moisture content, agitation and light conditions) for optimising conidia production of Escovopsis weberi Ew1 using solid state culture. In addition, several substrates such as agricultural waste and food industry by-products were evaluated with the aim of reducing spore production costs in a strategic way towards circular bioeconomy. Finally, we selected substrate combinations in order to achieve a suitable system for the production of conidia.
{"title":"Solid state culture conditions for improved conidial production of the mycoparasitic fungus <i>Escovopsis weberi</i>","authors":"Bruno Schulze, D. Gomez, J. B. Posadas","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2275117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2275117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We evaluated culture conditions (temperature, substrate moisture content, agitation and light conditions) for optimising conidia production of Escovopsis weberi Ew1 using solid state culture. In addition, several substrates such as agricultural waste and food industry by-products were evaluated with the aim of reducing spore production costs in a strategic way towards circular bioeconomy. Finally, we selected substrate combinations in order to achieve a suitable system for the production of conidia.","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2272229
Ashley B. C. Goode, Philip W. Tipping, F. Allen Dray, Ryann J. Valmonte, Brittany K. Knowles, Eileen Pokorny
ABSTRACTPistia stratiotes L. is an invasive floating plant that alters native habitats in Florida by forming thick mats that shade out submerged vegetation and obstruct navigation. Multiple genotypes of this plant have been identified from locations across its native and adventive ranges including types from throughout the Americas, the Caribbean, Asia, and Australia. We investigated the performance of a known monophagous insect, Lepidelphax pistiae, on nine P. stratiotes haplotypes (from four clades) in no-choice experiments and found that while L. pistiae performance varied on different haplotypes, there was considerable overlap in fitness and impact among haplotypes. Lepidelphax pistiae did not distinguish between purported ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ haplotypes and did not perform better or cause more damage to South American haplotypes specifically, which would have supported its utility as a biocontrol agent on the exotic haplotypes found in Florida. While L. pistiae is monophagous on P. stratiotes, it was not specific enough to differentiate consistently among the tested haplotypes and thus, may not be suitable as a biological control agent because of the potential threat they pose to native haplotypes of P. stratiotes in Florida.KEYWORDS: Pistia stratiotesLepidelphax pistiaewaterlettucebiological control agenthaplotypes AcknowledgementsThe authors thank Scott Goldstein at the Invasive Plant Research Laboratory for his assistance with this experiment. The authors acknowledge the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute for allowing this work to be completed. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, ABCG, upon reasonable request.
{"title":"Effects of invasive plant haplotypes on a biological control agent ( <i>Lepidelphax pistiae</i> ) fecundity and impact","authors":"Ashley B. C. Goode, Philip W. Tipping, F. Allen Dray, Ryann J. Valmonte, Brittany K. Knowles, Eileen Pokorny","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2272229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2272229","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPistia stratiotes L. is an invasive floating plant that alters native habitats in Florida by forming thick mats that shade out submerged vegetation and obstruct navigation. Multiple genotypes of this plant have been identified from locations across its native and adventive ranges including types from throughout the Americas, the Caribbean, Asia, and Australia. We investigated the performance of a known monophagous insect, Lepidelphax pistiae, on nine P. stratiotes haplotypes (from four clades) in no-choice experiments and found that while L. pistiae performance varied on different haplotypes, there was considerable overlap in fitness and impact among haplotypes. Lepidelphax pistiae did not distinguish between purported ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ haplotypes and did not perform better or cause more damage to South American haplotypes specifically, which would have supported its utility as a biocontrol agent on the exotic haplotypes found in Florida. While L. pistiae is monophagous on P. stratiotes, it was not specific enough to differentiate consistently among the tested haplotypes and thus, may not be suitable as a biological control agent because of the potential threat they pose to native haplotypes of P. stratiotes in Florida.KEYWORDS: Pistia stratiotesLepidelphax pistiaewaterlettucebiological control agenthaplotypes AcknowledgementsThe authors thank Scott Goldstein at the Invasive Plant Research Laboratory for his assistance with this experiment. The authors acknowledge the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute for allowing this work to be completed. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, ABCG, upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2023.2269488
Chiara Ferracini, Cristina Pogolotti, Monica Vercelli, Eleonora Vittoria Fontana, Valerio Saitta, Serena Gallizia, Ivan Rollet
ABSTRACTInvestigations on the egg parasitoid complex of the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa, were performed in 2020-2022 in seven sites located in NW Italy to determine the parasitoid species composition, seasonal emergence, parasitoid species incidence, and parasitism rate. Furthermore, we examined whether the egg batches parameters and the parasitism rate were influenced by altitude and summer temperatures. A sample of 832 egg batches was collected, each batch consisting on average of 206 ± 5.73 eggs. In total, 35,881 egg parasitoids emerged, mainly represented by four primary species, namely Ooencyrtus pityocampae, Baryscapus servadeii, Anastatus bifasciatus and Trichogramma sp.. Parasitism ranged from 4.27% to 24.41% and the most representative species were O. pityocampae (68.38%) in 2020-2021, and Trichogramma sp. (56.50%) in 2021-2022. The altitude of the sites (808-1303 m a.s.l.) had a negative correlation with all the investigated egg batches parameters (e.g. batch length), and with the parasitism rate by A. bifasciatus and B. servadeii, while a positive correlation was found only for O. pityocampae. The number of days with temperatures above 30°C was positively correlated with parasitism rate for A. bifasciatus and O. pityocampae, and negatively for Trichogramma sp., while no correlation was found with B. servadeii. Since the performance and distribution of the natural enemies is highly dependent on climatic conditions, the regulating effect of parasitoids, reducing PPM population needs to be further investigated, to compare the complex of natural enemies across a wider geographic and climatic range.KEYWORDS: Thaumetopoea pityocampaegg parasitismbiocontrolabiotic variablesPinus spp Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Compliance with ethical standardsAll the insect rearings, and experiments were conducted in accordance with the legislation and guidelines of the European Union for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/legislation_en.htm). All experimental protocols using insects were approved by the ad-hoc Committee of DISAFA of the University of Torino.Additional informationFundingThis project was partially funded by the ‘MONGEFITOFOR’ Project Interreg Cooperation Program Va ITA-CH 2014/2020 (ID 540693).
{"title":"Egg parasitoid complex of the pine processionary moth in NW Italy","authors":"Chiara Ferracini, Cristina Pogolotti, Monica Vercelli, Eleonora Vittoria Fontana, Valerio Saitta, Serena Gallizia, Ivan Rollet","doi":"10.1080/09583157.2023.2269488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2023.2269488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTInvestigations on the egg parasitoid complex of the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa, were performed in 2020-2022 in seven sites located in NW Italy to determine the parasitoid species composition, seasonal emergence, parasitoid species incidence, and parasitism rate. Furthermore, we examined whether the egg batches parameters and the parasitism rate were influenced by altitude and summer temperatures. A sample of 832 egg batches was collected, each batch consisting on average of 206 ± 5.73 eggs. In total, 35,881 egg parasitoids emerged, mainly represented by four primary species, namely Ooencyrtus pityocampae, Baryscapus servadeii, Anastatus bifasciatus and Trichogramma sp.. Parasitism ranged from 4.27% to 24.41% and the most representative species were O. pityocampae (68.38%) in 2020-2021, and Trichogramma sp. (56.50%) in 2021-2022. The altitude of the sites (808-1303 m a.s.l.) had a negative correlation with all the investigated egg batches parameters (e.g. batch length), and with the parasitism rate by A. bifasciatus and B. servadeii, while a positive correlation was found only for O. pityocampae. The number of days with temperatures above 30°C was positively correlated with parasitism rate for A. bifasciatus and O. pityocampae, and negatively for Trichogramma sp., while no correlation was found with B. servadeii. Since the performance and distribution of the natural enemies is highly dependent on climatic conditions, the regulating effect of parasitoids, reducing PPM population needs to be further investigated, to compare the complex of natural enemies across a wider geographic and climatic range.KEYWORDS: Thaumetopoea pityocampaegg parasitismbiocontrolabiotic variablesPinus spp Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Compliance with ethical standardsAll the insect rearings, and experiments were conducted in accordance with the legislation and guidelines of the European Union for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/legislation_en.htm). All experimental protocols using insects were approved by the ad-hoc Committee of DISAFA of the University of Torino.Additional informationFundingThis project was partially funded by the ‘MONGEFITOFOR’ Project Interreg Cooperation Program Va ITA-CH 2014/2020 (ID 540693).","PeriodicalId":8820,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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