Pub Date : 2005-01-31DOI: 10.2174/1568013053005454
M. Russo, I. Tedesco, G. Iacomino, R. Palumbo, G. Galano, G. Russo
Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with reduced risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other aging-related diseases. Convincing evidence exists suggesting that an increased fruit, vegetables, and grains consumption is a relatively easy and practical strategy to significantly reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Cancer chemoprevention intends to interrupt the carcinogenesis process, which includes initiation, promotion and progression of otherwise normal cells to reduce cancer. Despite the failure of β-carotene clinical trial to prevent lung cancer, the development of diet-derived constituents represents one of the major goal in cancer chemoprevention. A key question is whether a purified phytochemical has the same protective effects as does the whole food or mixture of foods in which the phytochemical is present. Putative chemopreventive agents are identified on the basis of epidemiological and in vitro and in vivo studies. All these compounds present tumor-suppressing properties in animal models of carcinogenesis, and they interfere with cellular processes involved in tumor formation, such as suppression of NF-kB and AP1 activation, induction of apoptosis, downregulation of β-catenin expression and activation of ARE/EpRE-depe ndent gene expression. Phase I clinical trials have been completed only for few of these phytochemicals, and pilot phase II-III trials are planned. In this review, we will begin by describing the different methodological approaches in studying chemopreventive agents, followed by the description of the mechanisms by which these compounds act. Finally, we will review more in details data concerning well-known and promising chemopreventive phytochemicals.
{"title":"Dietary Phytochemicals in Chemoprevention of Cancer","authors":"M. Russo, I. Tedesco, G. Iacomino, R. Palumbo, G. Galano, G. Russo","doi":"10.2174/1568013053005454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568013053005454","url":null,"abstract":"Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with reduced risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other aging-related diseases. Convincing evidence exists suggesting that an increased fruit, vegetables, and grains consumption is a relatively easy and practical strategy to significantly reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Cancer chemoprevention intends to interrupt the carcinogenesis process, which includes initiation, promotion and progression of otherwise normal cells to reduce cancer. Despite the failure of β-carotene clinical trial to prevent lung cancer, the development of diet-derived constituents represents one of the major goal in cancer chemoprevention. A key question is whether a purified phytochemical has the same protective effects as does the whole food or mixture of foods in which the phytochemical is present. Putative chemopreventive agents are identified on the basis of epidemiological and in vitro and in vivo studies. All these compounds present tumor-suppressing properties in animal models of carcinogenesis, and they interfere with cellular processes involved in tumor formation, such as suppression of NF-kB and AP1 activation, induction of apoptosis, downregulation of β-catenin expression and activation of ARE/EpRE-depe ndent gene expression. Phase I clinical trials have been completed only for few of these phytochemicals, and pilot phase II-III trials are planned. In this review, we will begin by describing the different methodological approaches in studying chemopreventive agents, followed by the description of the mechanisms by which these compounds act. Finally, we will review more in details data concerning well-known and promising chemopreventive phytochemicals.","PeriodicalId":88234,"journal":{"name":"Current medicinal chemistry. Immunology, endocrine & metabolic agents","volume":"5 1","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568013053005454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67897603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-31DOI: 10.2174/1568013053005490
P. Russo, G. Barba, A. Venezia, A. Siani
{"title":"Dietary Potassium in Cardiovascular Prevention: Nutritional and Clinical Implications","authors":"P. Russo, G. Barba, A. Venezia, A. Siani","doi":"10.2174/1568013053005490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568013053005490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88234,"journal":{"name":"Current medicinal chemistry. Immunology, endocrine & metabolic agents","volume":"5 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568013053005490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67897608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.2174/1568013043357338
Mark Woods, Shanrong Zhang, A Dean Sherry
The chemistry of Gd(3+)-based MRI agents has advanced considerably during the past decade toward agents with higher relaxivity and agents that respond to physiology and/or metabolism. This review describes various approaches that have been taken toward the development of responsive contrast agents and discusses the importance of fast water exchange for advancement of targeted Gd(3+)-based agents with higher sensitivity. The recent discovery of Eu(3+) complexes having extraordinarily slow water exchange has opened a new avenue in contrast agent design based upon the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) mechanism. These new paramagnetic complexes called PARACEST agents offer new possibilities of imaging biological functions such as tissue pH and metabolite levels. The lower detection limits that may apply to each class of contrast agent (Gd(3+)-based versus PARACEST) are discussed and the extent to which they may be applied to the imaging of β-cells is considered.
{"title":"Toward the Design of MR Agents for Imaging β-Cell Function.","authors":"Mark Woods, Shanrong Zhang, A Dean Sherry","doi":"10.2174/1568013043357338","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1568013043357338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chemistry of Gd(3+)-based MRI agents has advanced considerably during the past decade toward agents with higher relaxivity and agents that respond to physiology and/or metabolism. This review describes various approaches that have been taken toward the development of responsive contrast agents and discusses the importance of fast water exchange for advancement of targeted Gd(3+)-based agents with higher sensitivity. The recent discovery of Eu(3+) complexes having extraordinarily slow water exchange has opened a new avenue in contrast agent design based upon the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) mechanism. These new paramagnetic complexes called PARACEST agents offer new possibilities of imaging biological functions such as tissue pH and metabolite levels. The lower detection limits that may apply to each class of contrast agent (Gd(3+)-based versus PARACEST) are discussed and the extent to which they may be applied to the imaging of β-cells is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":88234,"journal":{"name":"Current medicinal chemistry. Immunology, endocrine & metabolic agents","volume":"4 4","pages":"349-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913624/pdf/nihms124692.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29167700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-30DOI: 10.2174/1568013043357383
Alvin C. Powers and E. Duco Jansen
{"title":"In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging to Assess Pancreatic Islets","authors":"Alvin C. Powers and E. Duco Jansen","doi":"10.2174/1568013043357383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568013043357383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88234,"journal":{"name":"Current medicinal chemistry. Immunology, endocrine & metabolic agents","volume":"58 1","pages":"339-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67897454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-30DOI: 10.2174/1568013043357275
M. Köhler, D. Nyqvist, T. Moede, Helene Wahlstedt, Over Cabrera, I. Leibiger, P. Berggren
{"title":"Imaging of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Signal-Transduction","authors":"M. Köhler, D. Nyqvist, T. Moede, Helene Wahlstedt, Over Cabrera, I. Leibiger, P. Berggren","doi":"10.2174/1568013043357275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568013043357275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88234,"journal":{"name":"Current medicinal chemistry. Immunology, endocrine & metabolic agents","volume":"4 1","pages":"281-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67897856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-30DOI: 10.2174/1568013043357293
C. Shiue, A. Schmitz, R. Schirrmacher, G. G. Shiue, A. Alavi
{"title":"Potential Approaches for Beta Cell Imaging with PET and SPECT","authors":"C. Shiue, A. Schmitz, R. Schirrmacher, G. G. Shiue, A. Alavi","doi":"10.2174/1568013043357293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568013043357293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88234,"journal":{"name":"Current medicinal chemistry. Immunology, endocrine & metabolic agents","volume":"4 1","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67897378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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