Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1179/136132809805335454
Monika M Połczyńska, Y. Tobin
Abstract Post-traumatic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder secondary to paresis or paralysis of the articulatory musculature induced by head trauma. It is a complex disorder which occurs as a result of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a subsequent coma. The present study investigates the characteristics of the speech of a 23-year-old Polish male subject with TBI, 12 months post-trauma, who was comatose for three weeks. The subject was diagnosed with moderate post-traumatic dysarthria and moderate posttraumatic aphasia. For the purpose of our research, the subject's speech was examined three times in the course of four months. During this period, he was undergoing a holistic rehabilitation program, including speech therapy. A detailed acoustic analysis of the subject's speech was carried out to obtain an accurate database for the investigation of the phonetic and phonological processes occurring in his post-coma speech. The processes were analyzed within the frameworks of the theories of Natural Phonology and Phonology as Human Behavior. The results indicate that, considalthough the dysarthric processes reflect the processes found in first language acquisition, they are both more idiosyncratic and easier to predict. The subject exhibited difficulties with maximum aperture and maximum closure of the vocal tract, most likely due to limited movements of the articulators. Hence, the centralization of vowels and spirantization of consonants were very common processes. Acoustic analysis enabled the discovery of a few processes, not previously reported in the literature. Two of them are: (1) Incomplete Consonant Closure—the articulators approach but do not reach the target, but the consonant intended can still be discriminated, and (2) Consonant Approximation—an incomplete approximation of the articulators appearing in positions where a consonant is expected, visible only on a spectrogram. During the period of four months, the subject's speech notably improved through the use of more communicative processes (i.e., there were more substitutions than omissions). At the same time, however, the number of processes used by the subject was not indicative of the intelligibility of his speech because the total number of processes which occurred in the first study decreased only by 13.7% in the third study. Additionally, positive changes in other aspects of speech, such as phonation, voice strength, fluency and intonation were also observed.
{"title":"Processes in Post-Traumatic Dysarthria: A Longitudinal Case Study","authors":"Monika M Połczyńska, Y. Tobin","doi":"10.1179/136132809805335454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/136132809805335454","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Post-traumatic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder secondary to paresis or paralysis of the articulatory musculature induced by head trauma. It is a complex disorder which occurs as a result of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a subsequent coma. The present study investigates the characteristics of the speech of a 23-year-old Polish male subject with TBI, 12 months post-trauma, who was comatose for three weeks. The subject was diagnosed with moderate post-traumatic dysarthria and moderate posttraumatic aphasia. For the purpose of our research, the subject's speech was examined three times in the course of four months. During this period, he was undergoing a holistic rehabilitation program, including speech therapy. A detailed acoustic analysis of the subject's speech was carried out to obtain an accurate database for the investigation of the phonetic and phonological processes occurring in his post-coma speech. The processes were analyzed within the frameworks of the theories of Natural Phonology and Phonology as Human Behavior. The results indicate that, considalthough the dysarthric processes reflect the processes found in first language acquisition, they are both more idiosyncratic and easier to predict. The subject exhibited difficulties with maximum aperture and maximum closure of the vocal tract, most likely due to limited movements of the articulators. Hence, the centralization of vowels and spirantization of consonants were very common processes. Acoustic analysis enabled the discovery of a few processes, not previously reported in the literature. Two of them are: (1) Incomplete Consonant Closure—the articulators approach but do not reach the target, but the consonant intended can still be discriminated, and (2) Consonant Approximation—an incomplete approximation of the articulators appearing in positions where a consonant is expected, visible only on a spectrogram. During the period of four months, the subject's speech notably improved through the use of more communicative processes (i.e., there were more substitutions than omissions). At the same time, however, the number of processes used by the subject was not indicative of the intelligibility of his speech because the total number of processes which occurred in the first study decreased only by 13.7% in the third study. Additionally, positive changes in other aspects of speech, such as phonation, voice strength, fluency and intonation were also observed.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"46 1","pages":"157 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89877163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-01DOI: 10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.71
G. Krishnan, S. Tiwari, S. Rao, B. Rajashekar
Abstract Anomalous lateralization of linguistic functions is observed in a small group of right-handed subjects with unilateral brain damage as either crossed aphasia (aphasia after right-hemisphere damage) or crossed nonaphasia (left hemisphere damage without aphasia but with symptoms of right hemisphere damage such as visuospatial deficits). The incidence of crossed nonaphasia is reportedly far less than that of crossed aphasia, where the latter, in turn, is comparatively rare (Alexander & Annett, 1996). In this report, we discuss a subject who presented with “crossed nonaphasia,” a clinical manifestation that often could go unnoticed. An attempt is made to explain the observed clinical manifestations from the perspectives of our current understanding of anomalous organization of cognitive functions in the brain as well as its implications on language representation in right-handed subjects.
{"title":"Crossed Nonaphasia and Its Implications for Brain-Language Relationships in Right-Handed Subjects","authors":"G. Krishnan, S. Tiwari, S. Rao, B. Rajashekar","doi":"10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anomalous lateralization of linguistic functions is observed in a small group of right-handed subjects with unilateral brain damage as either crossed aphasia (aphasia after right-hemisphere damage) or crossed nonaphasia (left hemisphere damage without aphasia but with symptoms of right hemisphere damage such as visuospatial deficits). The incidence of crossed nonaphasia is reportedly far less than that of crossed aphasia, where the latter, in turn, is comparatively rare (Alexander & Annett, 1996). In this report, we discuss a subject who presented with “crossed nonaphasia,” a clinical manifestation that often could go unnoticed. An attempt is made to explain the observed clinical manifestations from the perspectives of our current understanding of anomalous organization of cognitive functions in the brain as well as its implications on language representation in right-handed subjects.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"11 1","pages":"71 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87391806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-01DOI: 10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.57
Lay Wah Lee, K. Wheldall, Robyn Beaman, Alison Madelaine
Abstract This paper describes a conceptual framework for developing reading instruction in the Malay language for low-progress early readers in Year One who have not responded adequately to the traditional method of reading instruction in schools. Scientific knowledge on reading and reading disabilities is reviewed and forms the basis for informing this conceptual framework. This framework is aligned to the structure of the Malay language and is also based on empirical evidence on word reading among beginning Ma lay readers in Year One. Evidence-based practice in a successful reading program for low-progress readers in English, the MULTILIT Reading Tutor Program, is reviewed to guide instructional practices suggested in this conceptual framework.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework for Remedial Reading Instruction for Low-Progress Early Readers in Malaysian","authors":"Lay Wah Lee, K. Wheldall, Robyn Beaman, Alison Madelaine","doi":"10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes a conceptual framework for developing reading instruction in the Malay language for low-progress early readers in Year One who have not responded adequately to the traditional method of reading instruction in schools. Scientific knowledge on reading and reading disabilities is reviewed and forms the basis for informing this conceptual framework. This framework is aligned to the structure of the Malay language and is also based on empirical evidence on word reading among beginning Ma lay readers in Year One. Evidence-based practice in a successful reading program for low-progress readers in English, the MULTILIT Reading Tutor Program, is reviewed to guide instructional practices suggested in this conceptual framework.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"8 1","pages":"57 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73206955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-01DOI: 10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.27
P. Balan, M. R.
Abstract The study aimed at exploring the different kinds of functions and modalities used by children with severe speech and physical impairment (SSPI) and cerebral palsy (CP) during communicative interactions with their mothers; and the choice of modalities to indicate different functions. Furthermore, this study attempted to investigate if mothers displayed identifiable responsive styles during these interactions. An extensive coding system was developed to assess the communication functions and modalities used by children with SSPI and CP, and the maternal responsivity for the same. Four 15-minute maternal interaction sessions with their children were video-recorded for 10 subjects within the age range of 2;1 to 3;11 years. Interaction transcribed by the principal investigator was then coded by trained judges for the functions and modalities employed by the children and for the maternal responses for the same. Mean percentage for the coded communication functions, modalities, and maternal responses were calculated. Variability in terms of maternal responses for various communication functions and modalities were qualitatively analyzed. Results are discussed in the context of understanding communication strategies in these children and maternal responses toward the same. Results have implications for maternal responses as a viable area to be focused on during intervention for children with SSPI and CP along with speech and language intervention. Directions for clinical intervention and for future research are discussed in light of the research findings.
{"title":"Communication Functions, Modalities, and Maternal Responses in Children with Severe Speech and Physical Impairment","authors":"P. Balan, M. R.","doi":"10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study aimed at exploring the different kinds of functions and modalities used by children with severe speech and physical impairment (SSPI) and cerebral palsy (CP) during communicative interactions with their mothers; and the choice of modalities to indicate different functions. Furthermore, this study attempted to investigate if mothers displayed identifiable responsive styles during these interactions. An extensive coding system was developed to assess the communication functions and modalities used by children with SSPI and CP, and the maternal responsivity for the same. Four 15-minute maternal interaction sessions with their children were video-recorded for 10 subjects within the age range of 2;1 to 3;11 years. Interaction transcribed by the principal investigator was then coded by trained judges for the functions and modalities employed by the children and for the maternal responses for the same. Mean percentage for the coded communication functions, modalities, and maternal responses were calculated. Variability in terms of maternal responses for various communication functions and modalities were qualitatively analyzed. Results are discussed in the context of understanding communication strategies in these children and maternal responses toward the same. Results have implications for maternal responses as a viable area to be focused on during intervention for children with SSPI and CP along with speech and language intervention. Directions for clinical intervention and for future research are discussed in light of the research findings.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"1 1","pages":"27 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88817738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-01DOI: 10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.13
Hsiu-Ching Lee, C. Madison, Roberta Jackson
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to document the phonological processes used by children with a cleft palate who speak Mandarin Chinese and to compare their speech production to children who do not present with a history of cleft palate. The subjects consisted of 20 children with histories of cleft palate and 20 noncleft children matched for age and gender. All subjects spoke Mandarin Chinese as their first language. The children's whole word productions were analyzed for frequency of occurrence and type of phonological process usage. It was found that children with cleft palate tended to use phonological processes more frequently than their noncleft peers. The similarities and differences in phonological process use are documented and discussed in the context of previous research. This study provides evidence for the need for phonological assessment and management of Mandarin-speaking children with a history of cleft palate.
{"title":"Phonological Competence in Mandarin Chinese-Speaking Children with Cleft Palate","authors":"Hsiu-Ching Lee, C. Madison, Roberta Jackson","doi":"10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of the present study was to document the phonological processes used by children with a cleft palate who speak Mandarin Chinese and to compare their speech production to children who do not present with a history of cleft palate. The subjects consisted of 20 children with histories of cleft palate and 20 noncleft children matched for age and gender. All subjects spoke Mandarin Chinese as their first language. The children's whole word productions were analyzed for frequency of occurrence and type of phonological process usage. It was found that children with cleft palate tended to use phonological processes more frequently than their noncleft peers. The similarities and differences in phonological process use are documented and discussed in the context of previous research. This study provides evidence for the need for phonological assessment and management of Mandarin-speaking children with a history of cleft palate.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"55 1","pages":"13 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87753811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-01DOI: 10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.1
C. Driscoll, J. Kei, S. Arnold, Dominic Doherty, J. Krajewski, G. Mcdonald, Ellen McKeering, Mikaela Tyrrell, B. McPherson
Abstract Researchers have hypothesized that races with high levels of melanin may possess superior cochlear robusticity. This study aimed to examine the relationship between cochlear function and racial heritage, by determining if a significant difference existed in otoacoustic emission (OAE) characteristics and hearing sensitivity between differing groups. OAEs, puretone thresholds, and tympanometric measures were obtained from 18 Caucasians and 19 Africans. Seven albino Caucasians, a group with defective melanin production/distribution, were included for comparative purposes. An analysis of variance with repeated measures was applied to the data, to establish the group interactions of significance. Africans were found to display significantly stronger OAEs than Caucasians. However, the OAEs of albino Caucasians did not significantly differ from those of the other groups. Results did show significantly poorer hearing thresholds for the albino Caucasian group than for the Caucasians. These findings suggest that the robust cochlear function observed in Africans could be due to factors other than enhanced melanin levels.
{"title":"Racial Heritage/Melanin and Otoacoustic Emission Measures of Cochlear Function","authors":"C. Driscoll, J. Kei, S. Arnold, Dominic Doherty, J. Krajewski, G. Mcdonald, Ellen McKeering, Mikaela Tyrrell, B. McPherson","doi":"10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jslh.2009.12.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Researchers have hypothesized that races with high levels of melanin may possess superior cochlear robusticity. This study aimed to examine the relationship between cochlear function and racial heritage, by determining if a significant difference existed in otoacoustic emission (OAE) characteristics and hearing sensitivity between differing groups. OAEs, puretone thresholds, and tympanometric measures were obtained from 18 Caucasians and 19 Africans. Seven albino Caucasians, a group with defective melanin production/distribution, were included for comparative purposes. An analysis of variance with repeated measures was applied to the data, to establish the group interactions of significance. Africans were found to display significantly stronger OAEs than Caucasians. However, the OAEs of albino Caucasians did not significantly differ from those of the other groups. Results did show significantly poorer hearing thresholds for the albino Caucasian group than for the Caucasians. These findings suggest that the robust cochlear function observed in Africans could be due to factors other than enhanced melanin levels.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84498013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1179/136132808805335572
P. van Lieshout, Gwen Merrick, L. Goldstein
Abstract This descriptive case study presents data on a young female speaker (ML) with a history of /r/ sound production problems. Perceptual, acoustic, and kinematic data are provided to illustrate the kind of problems that she is facing in producing this sound, using the Articulatory Phonology model as a theoretical background. Different gestural mechanisms that could explain her kinematic characteristics (and associated acoustic and perceptual features) are evaluated in comparison to published data and new findings from an age-matched control speaker (JE) who performed the same speaking tasks as ML. Results show a well-defined problem in gestural specification for tongue control in /r/ sound productions that can be directly related to changes in acoustics and perception. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of Articulatory Phonology as a theoretical framework not only for normal speech production, but also to explain potential mechanisms behind changes in articulation in disordered speech.
{"title":"An Articulatory Phonology Perspective on Rhotic Articulation Problems: A Descriptive Case Study","authors":"P. van Lieshout, Gwen Merrick, L. Goldstein","doi":"10.1179/136132808805335572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/136132808805335572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This descriptive case study presents data on a young female speaker (ML) with a history of /r/ sound production problems. Perceptual, acoustic, and kinematic data are provided to illustrate the kind of problems that she is facing in producing this sound, using the Articulatory Phonology model as a theoretical background. Different gestural mechanisms that could explain her kinematic characteristics (and associated acoustic and perceptual features) are evaluated in comparison to published data and new findings from an age-matched control speaker (JE) who performed the same speaking tasks as ML. Results show a well-defined problem in gestural specification for tongue control in /r/ sound productions that can be directly related to changes in acoustics and perception. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of Articulatory Phonology as a theoretical framework not only for normal speech production, but also to explain potential mechanisms behind changes in articulation in disordered speech.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"34 1","pages":"283 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88553761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1179/136132808805335590
M. Ball, Ben Rutter, C. Code
Abstract A case of progressive speech degeneration in a 63-year-old male is described, and the results of a series of verbal tasks are given. Three of the participant's phonological processes (loss of aspiration in fortis stops, denasalization, and addition of labials to /r/-initial words) are subjected to analysis via two currently important phonological paradigms: constraintbased Optimality Theory and articulation-based Gestural Phonology. The two approaches are contrasted, and Gestural Phonology appears to provide the most elegant account of the data, and the most psycholinguistically valid account for this participant, as it operates at the level of phonetic implementation rather than phonological organization.
{"title":"Phonological Analysis of a Case of Progressive Speech Degeneration","authors":"M. Ball, Ben Rutter, C. Code","doi":"10.1179/136132808805335590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/136132808805335590","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A case of progressive speech degeneration in a 63-year-old male is described, and the results of a series of verbal tasks are given. Three of the participant's phonological processes (loss of aspiration in fortis stops, denasalization, and addition of labials to /r/-initial words) are subjected to analysis via two currently important phonological paradigms: constraintbased Optimality Theory and articulation-based Gestural Phonology. The two approaches are contrasted, and Gestural Phonology appears to provide the most elegant account of the data, and the most psycholinguistically valid account for this participant, as it operates at the level of phonetic implementation rather than phonological organization.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"38 1","pages":"305 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73390878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1179/136132808805335554
N. Müller, M. Ball, Ben Rutter
Abstract In this paper we report on the case of a 9;8-year-old male, who had been treated for a variety of speech problems over several years, but retained an idiosyncratic set of realizations for target English /r/. His target accent was general Southern USA English, which is fully rhotic in all positions in word structure. Speech data were recorded in a variety of tasks, different situations, and with different interlocutors (including reading aloud, producing word lists, and spontaneous talk). We show how principles from Systemic Phonology and Systemic Functional Linguistics, in particular, the notions of polysystemicity, prosodies, system networks, and register, can be used to describe the patterns found. We also offer an explanation of how these patterns may have arisen.
{"title":"An Idiosyncratic Case of /r/ Disorder: Application of Principles from Systemic Phonology and Systemic Functional Linguistics","authors":"N. Müller, M. Ball, Ben Rutter","doi":"10.1179/136132808805335554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/136132808805335554","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper we report on the case of a 9;8-year-old male, who had been treated for a variety of speech problems over several years, but retained an idiosyncratic set of realizations for target English /r/. His target accent was general Southern USA English, which is fully rhotic in all positions in word structure. Speech data were recorded in a variety of tasks, different situations, and with different interlocutors (including reading aloud, producing word lists, and spontaneous talk). We show how principles from Systemic Phonology and Systemic Functional Linguistics, in particular, the notions of polysystemicity, prosodies, system networks, and register, can be used to describe the patterns found. We also offer an explanation of how these patterns may have arisen.","PeriodicalId":88385,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of speech, language, and hearing","volume":"30 1","pages":"269 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73660585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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