Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.54327/set2024/v4.i1.86
Hayatou Oumarou, Ibrahim Moussa Mahamat, Moulla Koulla Donatien
The software industry is facing more complex computer systems, with short development and sustainability issues. To deliver good software with these constraints, software reuse has become a central concept for minimizing design and realization costs. This study improves upon Feature-Oriented Reuse Method with Business Component Semantics (FORM/BCS), a software development method that produces adaptable architectures from reusable domain components. This is a promising method for reusable software assets and model creation. The objective of the FORM/BCS is to bring the industrial production chain to the software. This study proposes a model to automatically transform the FORM/BCS business subsystem component into a process business component. Two metamodels for business subsystems and process business components were developed. In addition, this study establishes correspondences between the source metamodel and target metamodel classes, transformation rules, and the instance of the source metamodel and generates the target metamodel instance. Detailed findings can help practitioners reduce software design costs and development time, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in software engineering.
{"title":"Towards Automation of the FORM/BCS Method","authors":"Hayatou Oumarou, Ibrahim Moussa Mahamat, Moulla Koulla Donatien","doi":"10.54327/set2024/v4.i1.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/set2024/v4.i1.86","url":null,"abstract":"The software industry is facing more complex computer systems, with short development and sustainability issues. To deliver good software with these constraints, software reuse has become a central concept for minimizing design and realization costs. This study improves upon Feature-Oriented Reuse Method with Business Component Semantics (FORM/BCS), a software development method that produces adaptable architectures from reusable domain components. This is a promising method for reusable software assets and model creation. The objective of the FORM/BCS is to bring the industrial production chain to the software. This study proposes a model to automatically transform the FORM/BCS business subsystem component into a process business component. Two metamodels for business subsystems and process business components were developed. In addition, this study establishes correspondences between the source metamodel and target metamodel classes, transformation rules, and the instance of the source metamodel and generates the target metamodel instance. Detailed findings can help practitioners reduce software design costs and development time, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in software engineering.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"271 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.101
Makgwantsha Mashiachidi, Dawood Desai
The blades of the steam turbine are subjected to bending of the steam flow, centrifugal loading, vibration response, and structural mistuning. These factors mentioned contribute significantly to the fatigue failure of steam turbine blades. Low pressure (LP) steam turbines experience premature blade and disk failures due to the stress concentrations in the root location of the blade of its bladed disk. This study of mistuned steam turbine blades subjected to variation in blade geometry will be of great significance to the electricity generation industry. A simplified, mistuned, scaled-down steam turbine bladed disk model was developed using ABAQUS finite element analysis (FEA) software. The acquisition of the vibration characteristics and steady-state stress response of the disk models was carried out through FEA. Such studies are very limited. Subsequently, numerical stress distributions were acquired and the model was subsequently exported to Fe-Safe software for fatigue life calculations based on centrifugal and harmonic sinusoidal pressure loading. Vibration characteristics and response of the variation of the geometric blade of the steam turbine were investigated. Natural FEA frequencies compared well with the published literature of real steam turbines, indicating the reliability of the developed FEA model. The study found that fatigue life is most sensitive to changes in blade length, followed by width and then thickness, in this order. Analytical life cycles and Fe-Safe software show a percentage difference of less than 4.86%. This concludes that the numerical methodology developed can be used for real-life mistuned steam turbine blades subjected to variations in blade geometry.
{"title":"Fatigue life prediction of mistuned steam turbine blades subjected to deviations in blade geometry","authors":"Makgwantsha Mashiachidi, Dawood Desai","doi":"10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.101","url":null,"abstract":"The blades of the steam turbine are subjected to bending of the steam flow, centrifugal loading, vibration response, and structural mistuning. These factors mentioned contribute significantly to the fatigue failure of steam turbine blades. Low pressure (LP) steam turbines experience premature blade and disk failures due to the stress concentrations in the root location of the blade of its bladed disk. This study of mistuned steam turbine blades subjected to variation in blade geometry will be of great significance to the electricity generation industry. A simplified, mistuned, scaled-down steam turbine bladed disk model was developed using ABAQUS finite element analysis (FEA) software. The acquisition of the vibration characteristics and steady-state stress response of the disk models was carried out through FEA. Such studies are very limited. Subsequently, numerical stress distributions were acquired and the model was subsequently exported to Fe-Safe software for fatigue life calculations based on centrifugal and harmonic sinusoidal pressure loading. Vibration characteristics and response of the variation of the geometric blade of the steam turbine were investigated. Natural FEA frequencies compared well with the published literature of real steam turbines, indicating the reliability of the developed FEA model. The study found that fatigue life is most sensitive to changes in blade length, followed by width and then thickness, in this order. Analytical life cycles and Fe-Safe software show a percentage difference of less than 4.86%. This concludes that the numerical methodology developed can be used for real-life mistuned steam turbine blades subjected to variations in blade geometry.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135689779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, the suitability of composite panels developed from waste carton paste (WCP) and Musanga cecropioides heartwood particles (MHP) was assessed for structural applications. Proportions of the MHP adopted were 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % by weight of the composite mix. For each formulation, three representative samples were fabricated and also subjected to various tests. The results of the tests showed variations in the mean values of water absorption (8.83 – 30.35 %), thickness swelling (3.72 – 10.84 %), bulk density (342.3 – 461.6 kgm-3), thermal conductivity (0.1166 – 0.1717 Wm-1K-1), thermal diffusivity (2.051 – 2.397 x 10-7 m2s-1), and flexural strength (1.388 – 9.636 MPa) as proportion of the MHP decreased from 100 % to 0 %. On the contrary, a positive correlation was observed in the cases of specific heat capacity (1.552 – 1.661 x 103 Jkg-1K-1) and solar radiation absorptivity (12.32 – 13.32 m-1) with respect to increase in the proportions of the MHP used. Though all the samples exhibited better performance tendencies for thermal insulation compared to conventional ceilings or partition elements used in buildings, it was observed that samples developed with more than 50 % of the MHP could not withstand nailability. Above all, waste cartons and Musanga cecropioides heartwood are promising raw materials to be considered for fabrication of low-cost composite thermal insulation panels suitable for application in building designs. This undertaking could also serve as a safe way of managing them as wastes.
{"title":"Recycling of Waste Cartons and Musanga cecropioides Heartwood into Composite Panels for Structural Application","authors":"Grace Peter Umoren, Uduakobong Sunday Okorie, Casmir Chukwuemeka Akaolisa, Emmanuel Bassey Umoren","doi":"10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.89","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the suitability of composite panels developed from waste carton paste (WCP) and Musanga cecropioides heartwood particles (MHP) was assessed for structural applications. Proportions of the MHP adopted were 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % by weight of the composite mix. For each formulation, three representative samples were fabricated and also subjected to various tests. The results of the tests showed variations in the mean values of water absorption (8.83 – 30.35 %), thickness swelling (3.72 – 10.84 %), bulk density (342.3 – 461.6 kgm-3), thermal conductivity (0.1166 – 0.1717 Wm-1K-1), thermal diffusivity (2.051 – 2.397 x 10-7 m2s-1), and flexural strength (1.388 – 9.636 MPa) as proportion of the MHP decreased from 100 % to 0 %. On the contrary, a positive correlation was observed in the cases of specific heat capacity (1.552 – 1.661 x 103 Jkg-1K-1) and solar radiation absorptivity (12.32 – 13.32 m-1) with respect to increase in the proportions of the MHP used. Though all the samples exhibited better performance tendencies for thermal insulation compared to conventional ceilings or partition elements used in buildings, it was observed that samples developed with more than 50 % of the MHP could not withstand nailability. Above all, waste cartons and Musanga cecropioides heartwood are promising raw materials to be considered for fabrication of low-cost composite thermal insulation panels suitable for application in building designs. This undertaking could also serve as a safe way of managing them as wastes.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135016077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.72
Anum Tanveer, Bushrah Hameed, Tasawar Hayat, Ahmed Alsaedi
The presented article aims to present the flow of blood in microchannels such as veins and arteries via peristaltic flow. The magnetic field is imposed to regulate the flow as laminar. Also, its impacts in terms of Hall current have been considered. The rate of heat transfer is further based on Joule heating and viscous dissipation aspects. Mathematical analysis has been conducted given long wavelength and small Reynolds number. Such preferences are relatable to the medical domain where the magnetic field regulates the flow stream and aids in the melting of blood clots in patients with various heart diseases. The solution for electric potential is calculated analytically while the velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rate are executed directly via the built-in command of Mathematica software. Since the magnetic field acts as an opposing force. Results show that the velocity and temperature are decreasing functions of the magnetic field. However, the temperature is increasing for Weissenberg number.
{"title":"Electro-Osmotic Blood Flow of Shear-Thinning Fluid with Hall Current and Wall Flexibility","authors":"Anum Tanveer, Bushrah Hameed, Tasawar Hayat, Ahmed Alsaedi","doi":"10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.72","url":null,"abstract":"The presented article aims to present the flow of blood in microchannels such as veins and arteries via peristaltic flow. The magnetic field is imposed to regulate the flow as laminar. Also, its impacts in terms of Hall current have been considered. The rate of heat transfer is further based on Joule heating and viscous dissipation aspects. Mathematical analysis has been conducted given long wavelength and small Reynolds number. Such preferences are relatable to the medical domain where the magnetic field regulates the flow stream and aids in the melting of blood clots in patients with various heart diseases. The solution for electric potential is calculated analytically while the velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rate are executed directly via the built-in command of Mathematica software. Since the magnetic field acts as an opposing force. Results show that the velocity and temperature are decreasing functions of the magnetic field. However, the temperature is increasing for Weissenberg number.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.94
Ammar Ibrahimgil
Islamic religion spreading was influenced by the different local traditions among which Sufism, a religious mysticism (tasavvuf) organized under the institutions of tariqa emerged. This was followed by the emergence of as a place where divisions (orders) members were gathered known under names of tekke, zaviye, hankâh, ribat and a dervish lodge. This study elaborates several tekkes established by the Ottomans in the Balkans. Building style of the tekkes varied according to the procedures as well as manners of the order. Tekkes, which have a simple appearance, generally consist of a mosque, semahane, cellar, kitchen, cells, çilehane, selâmlık and harem. However, most of the buildings within the tekke are constructed over a large span of time. The aim of this study is to better understand the spatial setup of this organizational structure, which directly contributed to the conquest in the Balkans through the janissary corps and to the futuwwa (a set of religious and moral vocational norms) through the ahis (religious and moral vocational chamber). For this purpose, the locations of the tekkes and their architectural features, which were established successively one after the other with the conquests, have been analyzed. In final, the architectural typological of the tekkes is obtained according to the belief tradition, positioning, foundation schemes and special plans of the early period structures set within the tekke.
{"title":"Architectural Features of the First Period (13th-15th Century) Tekkes in the Balkan","authors":"Ammar Ibrahimgil","doi":"10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.94","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic religion spreading was influenced by the different local traditions among which Sufism, a religious mysticism (tasavvuf) organized under the institutions of tariqa emerged. This was followed by the emergence of as a place where divisions (orders) members were gathered known under names of tekke, zaviye, hankâh, ribat and a dervish lodge. This study elaborates several tekkes established by the Ottomans in the Balkans. Building style of the tekkes varied according to the procedures as well as manners of the order. Tekkes, which have a simple appearance, generally consist of a mosque, semahane, cellar, kitchen, cells, çilehane, selâmlık and harem. However, most of the buildings within the tekke are constructed over a large span of time. The aim of this study is to better understand the spatial setup of this organizational structure, which directly contributed to the conquest in the Balkans through the janissary corps and to the futuwwa (a set of religious and moral vocational norms) through the ahis (religious and moral vocational chamber). For this purpose, the locations of the tekkes and their architectural features, which were established successively one after the other with the conquests, have been analyzed. In final, the architectural typological of the tekkes is obtained according to the belief tradition, positioning, foundation schemes and special plans of the early period structures set within the tekke.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73213248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.54327/setjournal2023/v3.i2.94
Ammar Ibrahimgil
Islamic religion spreading was influenced by the different local traditions among which Sufism, a religious mysticism (tasavvuf) organized under the institutions of tariqa emerged. This was followed by the emergence of as a place where divisions (orders) members were gathered known under names of tekke, zaviye, hankâh, ribat and a dervish lodge. This study elaborates several tekkes established by the Ottomans in the Balkans. Building style of the tekkes varied according to the procedures as well as manners of the order. Tekkes, which have a simple appearance, generally consist of a mosque, semahane, cellar, kitchen, cells, çilehane, selâmlık and harem. However, most of the buildings within the tekke are constructed over a large span of time. The aim of this study is to better understand the spatial setup of this organizational structure, which directly contributed to the conquest in the Balkans through the janissary corps and to the futuwwa (a set of religious and moral vocational norms) through the ahis (religious and moral vocational chamber). For this purpose, the locations of the tekkes and their architectural features, which were established successively one after the other with the conquests, have been analyzed. In final, the architectural typological of the tekkes is obtained according to the belief tradition, positioning, foundation schemes and special plans of the early period structures set within the tekke.
{"title":"Architectural Features of the First Period (13th-15th Century) Tekkes in the Balkan","authors":"Ammar Ibrahimgil","doi":"10.54327/setjournal2023/v3.i2.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/setjournal2023/v3.i2.94","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic religion spreading was influenced by the different local traditions among which Sufism, a religious mysticism (tasavvuf) organized under the institutions of tariqa emerged. This was followed by the emergence of as a place where divisions (orders) members were gathered known under names of tekke, zaviye, hankâh, ribat and a dervish lodge. This study elaborates several tekkes established by the Ottomans in the Balkans. Building style of the tekkes varied according to the procedures as well as manners of the order. Tekkes, which have a simple appearance, generally consist of a mosque, semahane, cellar, kitchen, cells, çilehane, selâmlık and harem. However, most of the buildings within the tekke are constructed over a large span of time. The aim of this study is to better understand the spatial setup of this organizational structure, which directly contributed to the conquest in the Balkans through the janissary corps and to the futuwwa (a set of religious and moral vocational norms) through the ahis (religious and moral vocational chamber). For this purpose, the locations of the tekkes and their architectural features, which were established successively one after the other with the conquests, have been analyzed. In final, the architectural typological of the tekkes is obtained according to the belief tradition, positioning, foundation schemes and special plans of the early period structures set within the tekke.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135671383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.76
Damala Chenna Kesavaiah, Vellanki Nagaraju, V. B
This study aims to investigate the influence of chemical reaction on the flow characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson nanofluid over a porous stretching sheet with suction/injection. The nanofluid (NF) is comprised of a base fluid with suspended nanoparticles (NPs), and the Casson fluid (CF) model is employed to capture the non-Newtonian behavior. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) for momentum, energy, and NP concentration are derived, incorporating the effects of magnetic field, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, and porous medium. The resulting system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method together with the shooting process. The effects of various physical parameters, such as magnetic field strength, porous medium, CF parameters, NP volume fraction, suction/injection parameter, and chemical reaction parameter, on the flow characteristics are examined in detail. The results reveal that faster movement is linked to higher Grashof numbers and porous mediums, but weaker magnetic fields slow it down. The suction/injection affect velocity inversely. The Prandtl and Eckert numbers have opposite effects on temperature fields. The thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters affect the opposite trends of the concentration and temperature distributions. The concentration reduces with chemical reaction parameters and the Lewis number. Heat transfer (HT) is enhanced for higher Brownian and thermophoresis. The findings of this study can have potential applications in various engineering fields, such as microfluidics, chemical processing, and thermal management systems, where precise control of fluid flow and heat transfer is essential.
{"title":"Investigating the Influence of Chemical Reaction on MHD-Casson Nanofluid Flow via a Porous Stretching Sheet with Suction/Injection","authors":"Damala Chenna Kesavaiah, Vellanki Nagaraju, V. B","doi":"10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.76","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the influence of chemical reaction on the flow characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson nanofluid over a porous stretching sheet with suction/injection. The nanofluid (NF) is comprised of a base fluid with suspended nanoparticles (NPs), and the Casson fluid (CF) model is employed to capture the non-Newtonian behavior. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) for momentum, energy, and NP concentration are derived, incorporating the effects of magnetic field, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, and porous medium. The resulting system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method together with the shooting process. The effects of various physical parameters, such as magnetic field strength, porous medium, CF parameters, NP volume fraction, suction/injection parameter, and chemical reaction parameter, on the flow characteristics are examined in detail. The results reveal that faster movement is linked to higher Grashof numbers and porous mediums, but weaker magnetic fields slow it down. The suction/injection affect velocity inversely. The Prandtl and Eckert numbers have opposite effects on temperature fields. The thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters affect the opposite trends of the concentration and temperature distributions. The concentration reduces with chemical reaction parameters and the Lewis number. Heat transfer (HT) is enhanced for higher Brownian and thermophoresis. The findings of this study can have potential applications in various engineering fields, such as microfluidics, chemical processing, and thermal management systems, where precise control of fluid flow and heat transfer is essential.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87126215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.57
Silmina Silmina, Xi-lin Wu, Christine Rolle, Feng Chen, Hao Wang, Silva Khairunnisa, H. Husin, F. Abnisa
Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) has garnered a significant deal of interest in environmental remediation, particularly for reducing hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] to trivalent chromium [Cr (III)]. This study focused on the photocatalytic process of Cr (VI) degradation using GQDs and Formic Acid (FA) under Uv-vis light. Batch experiments were conducted to observe the photocatalytic process of Cr (VI) degradation under Uv-vis light irradiation at varying concentrations of GQDs, FA, and Cr (VI) and different pH levels. The characterization of GQDs includes PL, XPS, XRD, and Raman Spectroscopy. This research revealed that combining GQDs and FA for the photocatalytic process of Cr (VI) reduction is possible. As expected, this system is more effective with lower concentrations of Cr (VI). When FA was introduced, the Cr (VI) degradation efficiency ratio increased. The GQDs/FA/Uv-vis system gave the highest degradation rate at 91.1% within 30 minutes. It was also observed that the optimum pH of the solution was 5.42, where the GQDs were quickly dissoluble. The photocatalytic reduction matched first-order reaction kinetics with a rate constant (k) of 0.1085 min−1 and R2 of 0.985. The primary radical in the degradation of Cr (VI) in the GQDs/FA/Uv-vis system was CO2•−. These findings highlight the potential of GQDs and FA as efficient catalysts for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) under Uv-vis light.
{"title":"Synergistic Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Using Graphene Quantum Dots and Formic Acid Optimization and Kinetics","authors":"Silmina Silmina, Xi-lin Wu, Christine Rolle, Feng Chen, Hao Wang, Silva Khairunnisa, H. Husin, F. Abnisa","doi":"10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.57","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) has garnered a significant deal of interest in environmental remediation, particularly for reducing hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] to trivalent chromium [Cr (III)]. This study focused on the photocatalytic process of Cr (VI) degradation using GQDs and Formic Acid (FA) under Uv-vis light. Batch experiments were conducted to observe the photocatalytic process of Cr (VI) degradation under Uv-vis light irradiation at varying concentrations of GQDs, FA, and Cr (VI) and different pH levels. The characterization of GQDs includes PL, XPS, XRD, and Raman Spectroscopy. This research revealed that combining GQDs and FA for the photocatalytic process of Cr (VI) reduction is possible. As expected, this system is more effective with lower concentrations of Cr (VI). When FA was introduced, the Cr (VI) degradation efficiency ratio increased. The GQDs/FA/Uv-vis system gave the highest degradation rate at 91.1% within 30 minutes. It was also observed that the optimum pH of the solution was 5.42, where the GQDs were quickly dissoluble. The photocatalytic reduction matched first-order reaction kinetics with a rate constant (k) of 0.1085 min−1 and R2 of 0.985. The primary radical in the degradation of Cr (VI) in the GQDs/FA/Uv-vis system was CO2•−. These findings highlight the potential of GQDs and FA as efficient catalysts for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) under Uv-vis light.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81917961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.78
A. Zeb, K. Khattak, Muhammad Rehmat Ullah, Z. Khan, T. Gulliver
Traffic simulation software (TSS) is employed for planning, designing, and managing road networks. Among existing TSS, only SUMO and HETROSIM can be used for heterogeneous traffic. The objective of this work is to develop new software for heterogeneous traffic simulation which is effective and efficient. This is motivated by the fact that traffic in developing countries is typically heterogeneous. The HetroTraffSim TSS was developed using Unity3D and is based on a recently developed macroscopic traffic flow model. A 360 m section of University Road which is a two-lane arterial road in Peshawar, Pakistan, is used to evaluate the performance using real traffic data. The results obtained show that an increase in density decreases the velocity. Further, HetroTraffSim can be used to characterize and predict heterogeneous traffic behavior.
{"title":"HetroTraffSim: A Novel Traffic Simulation Software for Heterogeneous Traffic Flow","authors":"A. Zeb, K. Khattak, Muhammad Rehmat Ullah, Z. Khan, T. Gulliver","doi":"10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.78","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic simulation software (TSS) is employed for planning, designing, and managing road networks. Among existing TSS, only SUMO and HETROSIM can be used for heterogeneous traffic. The objective of this work is to develop new software for heterogeneous traffic simulation which is effective and efficient. This is motivated by the fact that traffic in developing countries is typically heterogeneous. The HetroTraffSim TSS was developed using Unity3D and is based on a recently developed macroscopic traffic flow model. A 360 m section of University Road which is a two-lane arterial road in Peshawar, Pakistan, is used to evaluate the performance using real traffic data. The results obtained show that an increase in density decreases the velocity. Further, HetroTraffSim can be used to characterize and predict heterogeneous traffic behavior.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79351973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.54327/set2023/v3.i2.91
Nonso Omenife, Dawood Desai, Regan Dunne
Rotor-bearing systems often exhibit nonlinear behavior due to hydrodynamic effects and external forces. Finite element methods based on linear analysis are commonly used for rotor dynamic analyses, where nonlinear bearing/damping forces are linearized into equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients. However, this method may not accurately describe strongly nonlinear systems. Engineers use transient analysis and nonlinear models to improve rotor behavior analysis. This study investigates the effects of transient-thermal bending and vibration on a high-pressure steam turbine rotor using the finite element method. A scaled rotor-shaft was used to study thermal bending and vibrations caused by steam heat. The design of the shaft was based on an existing power station high-pressure turbine rotor. Numerical modal analyses were performed using ANSYS software to obtain a partial level of integrity between the numerical model and the analytical model. Natural frequencies were compared between the experimental, numerical, and analytical results, which showed good correlations.
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