Pub Date : 2015-02-24DOI: 10.2174/1874255601507010001
Hiromitsu Tanaka, A. Tsujimura, Y. Miyagawa, M. Wada
The testis-specific poly(A) polymerase beta (PAPOLB) gene was first identified as the intronless gene TPAP in mice. In TPAP-deficient mice, spermiogenesis is arrested due to altered post-transcriptional gene regulation, including translational activation via the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNAs. To investigate the possible association between variations in PAPOLB and impaired spermatogenesis in Japanese males, we screened for genetic variations in PAPOLB using DNA from 282 sterile male patients and 96 proven-fertile male volunteers using direct sequencing methods on blood samples. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding sequence and one DNA insertion in the 5' untranslated region of PAPOLB were found. These genetic variations were not present at statistically significant levels; however, the results of this study may be useful in future large-scale analyses of the association between PAPOLB and male infertility.
{"title":"Genetic Variation in the Testis-Specific Poly(A) Polymerase Beta(PAPOLB) Gene Among Japanese Males","authors":"Hiromitsu Tanaka, A. Tsujimura, Y. Miyagawa, M. Wada","doi":"10.2174/1874255601507010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601507010001","url":null,"abstract":"The testis-specific poly(A) polymerase beta (PAPOLB) gene was first identified as the intronless gene TPAP in mice. In TPAP-deficient mice, spermiogenesis is arrested due to altered post-transcriptional gene regulation, including translational activation via the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNAs. To investigate the possible association between variations in PAPOLB and impaired spermatogenesis in Japanese males, we screened for genetic variations in PAPOLB using DNA from 282 sterile male patients and 96 proven-fertile male volunteers using direct sequencing methods on blood samples. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding sequence and one DNA insertion in the 5' untranslated region of PAPOLB were found. These genetic variations were not present at statistically significant levels; however, the results of this study may be useful in future large-scale analyses of the association between PAPOLB and male infertility.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-25DOI: 10.2174/1874255620140708001
Lindsey W. Young, J. Thompson, K. Hitomi, S. Watts
Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes that are known for their protein cross-linking abilities. Transglutaminases have been investigated very little in female reproductive tissues. We hypothesized that transglutaminase proteins were present and active in the virgin rat uterus and cervix. In both tissues, real time RT-PCR identified transglutaminase 1, 2, 3, and 4 mRNA, and immunohistochemistry determined the presence of transglutaminase 1, 2, 3, and 4 proteins. Transglutaminase 1, 2 and 3 were active in the virgin rat uterus, and transglutaminase 1 and 3 were active in the virgin rat cervix, identified in situ by isoform-specific FITC-labeled substrates. Transglutaminase 2 was active in the virgin rat uterus but absent in the cervix. The transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine (1 mM) reduced maximal agonist-induced isometric contraction in the uterus, but not the cervix. This study provides new knowledge of active transglutaminase isozymes in female reproductive tissues.
{"title":"Present and Active: Transglutaminases in the Virgin Rat Uterus andCervix","authors":"Lindsey W. Young, J. Thompson, K. Hitomi, S. Watts","doi":"10.2174/1874255620140708001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255620140708001","url":null,"abstract":"Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes that are known for their protein cross-linking abilities. Transglutaminases have been investigated very little in female reproductive tissues. We hypothesized that transglutaminase proteins were present and active in the virgin rat uterus and cervix. In both tissues, real time RT-PCR identified transglutaminase 1, 2, 3, and 4 mRNA, and immunohistochemistry determined the presence of transglutaminase 1, 2, 3, and 4 proteins. Transglutaminase 1, 2 and 3 were active in the virgin rat uterus, and transglutaminase 1 and 3 were active in the virgin rat cervix, identified in situ by isoform-specific FITC-labeled substrates. Transglutaminase 2 was active in the virgin rat uterus but absent in the cervix. The transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine (1 mM) reduced maximal agonist-induced isometric contraction in the uterus, but not the cervix. This study provides new knowledge of active transglutaminase isozymes in female reproductive tissues.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88416329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-27DOI: 10.2174/1874255601406010017
F. Lampiao, J. Huussen, S. Plessis
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule produced by intracellular nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. Studies have shown that this free radical affect sperm capacitation, a maturation step preceding acrosome reaction. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of exogenously administered NO through its donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has on human sperm motility, viability and apoptosis markers. Increased concentrations of SNP (10, 30, 50, 100 � M) were administered to human spermatozoa in the presence or absence of NO synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester. Spermatozoa motility and viability were assessed at 60 and 90 minutes of incubation. The caspase activity was assessed after 90 minutes of incubation. SNP significantly decreased spermatozoa motility and viability in a dose and time dependent manner (p < 0.05). The caspase activity was significantly increased with increasing concentration of SNP (p < 0.05). This study therefore conclude that high concentrations of NO result in the decrease of sperm function and increase of germ cell apoptosis rate that may contribute to male infertility.
一氧化氮(NO)是一种由细胞内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)产生的信号分子。研究表明，这种自由基影响精子获能，这是顶体反应之前的成熟步骤。本研究旨在探讨一氧化氮通过其供体硝普钠(SNP)外源性给药对人类精子活力、活力和凋亡标志物的影响。在NO合酶抑制剂n -硝基- l -精氨酸甲酯存在或不存在的情况下，给人精子增加SNP浓度(10、30、50、100 μ M)。在孵育60分钟和90分钟时评估精子活力和活力。在孵育90分钟后评估caspase活性。SNP显著降低精子活力和活力，且呈剂量和时间依赖性(p < 0.05)。随着SNP浓度的增加，caspase活性显著升高(p < 0.05)。因此，本研究认为高浓度NO可导致精子功能下降和生殖细胞凋亡率增加，从而导致男性不育。
{"title":"Effects of Nitric Oxide Exposure on Human Sperm Function and Apoptosis Markers","authors":"F. Lampiao, J. Huussen, S. Plessis","doi":"10.2174/1874255601406010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601406010017","url":null,"abstract":"Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule produced by intracellular nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. Studies have shown that this free radical affect sperm capacitation, a maturation step preceding acrosome reaction. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of exogenously administered NO through its donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has on human sperm motility, viability and apoptosis markers. Increased concentrations of SNP (10, 30, 50, 100 � M) were administered to human spermatozoa in the presence or absence of NO synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester. Spermatozoa motility and viability were assessed at 60 and 90 minutes of incubation. The caspase activity was assessed after 90 minutes of incubation. SNP significantly decreased spermatozoa motility and viability in a dose and time dependent manner (p < 0.05). The caspase activity was significantly increased with increasing concentration of SNP (p < 0.05). This study therefore conclude that high concentrations of NO result in the decrease of sperm function and increase of germ cell apoptosis rate that may contribute to male infertility.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84495792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-27DOI: 10.2174/1874255601406010021
E. Moretti, G. Collodel
The data on the role of consanguinity in male infertility are scarce. The presence of systematic sperm defects in consanguineous respect to non-consanguineous population was demonstrated. Systematic defects are characterized by a specific alteration present in sperm for the whole life of the carrier. This study was aimed at exploring the sperm quality in selected infertile consanguineous patients (group 3) with non- systematic sperm defects, compared with that of infertile non-consanguineous patients (group 2) and that of proven fertil- ity subjects (group 1). Sperm analysis was performed by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM data was mathematically elaborated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for chromosome 18, X and Y was per- formed in sperm nuclei for aneuploidy evaluation. The progressive motility was reduced in groups 2 (p < 0.05) and 3 (p < 0.01), compared to group 1, and in group 3 versus group 2 (p < 0.01). Regarding TEM scores, fertility index was re- duced in group 3 (p < 0.01); the percentages of sperm apoptosis, necrosis and immaturity were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 versus group 1 and in group 3 vs. group 2 (except for necrosis). FISH analysis showed increased frequency of diploidy (p < 0.01) in groups 2 and 3 vs. group 1. The consanguinity seems to influence the spermatogenetic process from a morphological point of view, by reducing the motility and fertility index and increasing sperm apoptosis and immaturity; chromosome meiotic segregation was not af- fected by the condition of consanguinity.
{"title":"Ultrastructural and Aneuploidy Studies in Sperm from Patients with His- tory of Consanguinity","authors":"E. Moretti, G. Collodel","doi":"10.2174/1874255601406010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601406010021","url":null,"abstract":"The data on the role of consanguinity in male infertility are scarce. The presence of systematic sperm defects in consanguineous respect to non-consanguineous population was demonstrated. Systematic defects are characterized by a specific alteration present in sperm for the whole life of the carrier. This study was aimed at exploring the sperm quality in selected infertile consanguineous patients (group 3) with non- systematic sperm defects, compared with that of infertile non-consanguineous patients (group 2) and that of proven fertil- ity subjects (group 1). Sperm analysis was performed by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM data was mathematically elaborated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for chromosome 18, X and Y was per- formed in sperm nuclei for aneuploidy evaluation. The progressive motility was reduced in groups 2 (p < 0.05) and 3 (p < 0.01), compared to group 1, and in group 3 versus group 2 (p < 0.01). Regarding TEM scores, fertility index was re- duced in group 3 (p < 0.01); the percentages of sperm apoptosis, necrosis and immaturity were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 versus group 1 and in group 3 vs. group 2 (except for necrosis). FISH analysis showed increased frequency of diploidy (p < 0.01) in groups 2 and 3 vs. group 1. The consanguinity seems to influence the spermatogenetic process from a morphological point of view, by reducing the motility and fertility index and increasing sperm apoptosis and immaturity; chromosome meiotic segregation was not af- fected by the condition of consanguinity.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83665615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-13DOI: 10.2174/1874255601406010008
B. Oltra, J. Pozuelo, R. Rodríguez, I. Ingelmo, R. Arriazu, L. Santamaría
The incidence of certain cancers, including prostate cancer, is considerably higher in western countries than in Southeast Asia. Many studies have linked soy consumption to the lower incidence of prostate cancer in these countries. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and divided into a control group and a group treated with soy. The ventral prostates of each animal were sectioned and stained with hematoxilin-eosin for morphological description and immunostained to detect PCNA, cleaved caspase 3 and E-cadherin immunoreactivities. Estimates of the number of total epithelial cells and the number of epithelial cells immunoreactive to PCNA and cleaved caspase 3 were calculated using the optical disector technique. Measurement of E-cadherin was carried out by calculating the volume fraction of epithe- lium immunostained by E-cadherin. Soy treated group showed atrophy in the epithelium and a diminished expression of PCNA, cleaved caspase 3 and E-cadherin, which means there is a reduced cell proliferation, apoptosis through caspases way and cell adherence. It can be concluded that soy treatment induces atrophy in the epithelium by reducing cell prolif- eration.
{"title":"Evaluation of PCNA, Caspase 3 and E-cadherin on the Ventral Prostate of Soy Treated Rats","authors":"B. Oltra, J. Pozuelo, R. Rodríguez, I. Ingelmo, R. Arriazu, L. Santamaría","doi":"10.2174/1874255601406010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601406010008","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of certain cancers, including prostate cancer, is considerably higher in western countries than in Southeast Asia. Many studies have linked soy consumption to the lower incidence of prostate cancer in these countries. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and divided into a control group and a group treated with soy. The ventral prostates of each animal were sectioned and stained with hematoxilin-eosin for morphological description and immunostained to detect PCNA, cleaved caspase 3 and E-cadherin immunoreactivities. Estimates of the number of total epithelial cells and the number of epithelial cells immunoreactive to PCNA and cleaved caspase 3 were calculated using the optical disector technique. Measurement of E-cadherin was carried out by calculating the volume fraction of epithe- lium immunostained by E-cadherin. Soy treated group showed atrophy in the epithelium and a diminished expression of PCNA, cleaved caspase 3 and E-cadherin, which means there is a reduced cell proliferation, apoptosis through caspases way and cell adherence. It can be concluded that soy treatment induces atrophy in the epithelium by reducing cell prolif- eration.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"298 1","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77507454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-30DOI: 10.2174/1874255601406010001
Naguyen H. Tung, Y. Shoyama, M. Wada, Hiromitsu Tanaka
Artificial fertilization is used for the stable production of domestic animals, conservation of rare animals, and infertility treatment. However, the success rate of artificial fertilization is limited; thus, a more effective approach is desired. Cattle workers in Japan often add licorice grass to the herbage given to their animals before performing artificial insemination in an effort to increase the pregnancy rate. To examine the effects of licorice on fertilization success in mice, an aqueous extract of licorice was added to the culture medium used for insemination. The results were compared to those using glycyrrhizin, a major active constituent of licorice. The fertilization rate was improved by the aqueous licorice extract, but not specifically by glycyrrhizin. Thus, flavonoids in licorice other than glycyrrhizin may improve the success rate of artificial fertilization.
{"title":"Improved In Vitro Fertilization Ability of Mouse Sperm Caused by the Addition of Licorice Extract to the Preincubation Medium","authors":"Naguyen H. Tung, Y. Shoyama, M. Wada, Hiromitsu Tanaka","doi":"10.2174/1874255601406010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601406010001","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial fertilization is used for the stable production of domestic animals, conservation of rare animals, and infertility treatment. However, the success rate of artificial fertilization is limited; thus, a more effective approach is desired. Cattle workers in Japan often add licorice grass to the herbage given to their animals before performing artificial insemination in an effort to increase the pregnancy rate. To examine the effects of licorice on fertilization success in mice, an aqueous extract of licorice was added to the culture medium used for insemination. The results were compared to those using glycyrrhizin, a major active constituent of licorice. The fertilization rate was improved by the aqueous licorice extract, but not specifically by glycyrrhizin. Thus, flavonoids in licorice other than glycyrrhizin may improve the success rate of artificial fertilization.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78102100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-20DOI: 10.2174/1874255620130913002
C. Luchetti, D. Paz, A. Motta
The aim of this work was to study the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and metformin (M) on nitric oxide (NO) system and oxidative stress in embryo implantation sites of early pregnant mice. The biguanide M is used for treating polycystic ovary syndrome but its complete mechanism of action remains unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) has impor- tant protective roles during pregnancy, keeping uterine relaxation and vascular function. However, its overproduction leads to nitrative stress by producing reactive nitrogen species. Here we measured NO content by Griess method and the localization of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (iNOS and eNOS) by immunohistochemistry in implanta- tion sites. Also we measured lipid peroxidation by TBA-RS, glutathion by Ellman's reaction and antioxidant enzymes by enzymatic kinetics in uterine homogenates. We found that the expression of both iNOS and eNOS and the NO content were increased with DHEA (p<0.001 for all) and restored to control levels with DHEA+M. Oxidative stress: DHEA in- creased lipid peroxidation (p<0.01) and glutathione (GSH, p<0.01). With DHEA+M lipid peroxidation was restored to control levels. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were not modified. We con- clude that hyperandrogenization with DHEA enhances the NO system and lipid peroxidation in implantation sites of early pregnant mice and that M treatment prevents these effects.
{"title":"Metformin prevents the increase of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation induced by dehydroepiandrosterone in early pregnant mice","authors":"C. Luchetti, D. Paz, A. Motta","doi":"10.2174/1874255620130913002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255620130913002","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to study the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and metformin (M) on nitric oxide (NO) system and oxidative stress in embryo implantation sites of early pregnant mice. The biguanide M is used for treating polycystic ovary syndrome but its complete mechanism of action remains unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) has impor- tant protective roles during pregnancy, keeping uterine relaxation and vascular function. However, its overproduction leads to nitrative stress by producing reactive nitrogen species. Here we measured NO content by Griess method and the localization of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (iNOS and eNOS) by immunohistochemistry in implanta- tion sites. Also we measured lipid peroxidation by TBA-RS, glutathion by Ellman's reaction and antioxidant enzymes by enzymatic kinetics in uterine homogenates. We found that the expression of both iNOS and eNOS and the NO content were increased with DHEA (p<0.001 for all) and restored to control levels with DHEA+M. Oxidative stress: DHEA in- creased lipid peroxidation (p<0.01) and glutathione (GSH, p<0.01). With DHEA+M lipid peroxidation was restored to control levels. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were not modified. We con- clude that hyperandrogenization with DHEA enhances the NO system and lipid peroxidation in implantation sites of early pregnant mice and that M treatment prevents these effects.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85031249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-10DOI: 10.2174/1874255601204010004
T. El-Sherry, M. Matsui, K. Kida, A. Miyamoto, G. Megahed, S. Shehata, Y. Miyake
The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of superovulation under a complete absence of the Corpus luteum (CL) and compare it with D1 protocol and traditional superovulation in cattle. Animals were divided into three groups as following; 1- D1-protocol: Animals (n= 7) were leaved to get natural ovulation (D0), then received FSH for the next 4 days of the cycle. GnRH was given 12h after the last dose of FSH. 2- No-CL superovulation protocol: Animals (n=10) were synchronized and received PGF2α at D9 or D10 then classified to two subgroups (D9-sub-group and D10-sub-group). After 36 h, all follicles (≥ 5 mm) were aspirated (D0). 3- Control: Animals (n=3) were submitted to the conventional superovulation protocol. Blood samples were collected daily for 13 days. Progesterone (P 4 ) and Estradiol (E 2 ) in plasma were measured by Enzyme immune assay (EIA). The results showed that the number of growing follicles was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in both D9 and D10 subgroups in comparison to the D1 protocol (25.8 ± 4.3 and 20 ± 1.9 vs. 10.9 ± 1.9 respectively). While the number of ovulated follicle was higher in D9 sub-group than D10 sub-group, D1 protocol and control (13.8 ± 4.4 vs. 7.6 ± 3.5, 6.8 ± 1.5 and 9.7±0.9). In conclusion, the superovulation protocol with complete absent of the CL produced high number of growing follicles, decreased variability and considered as a promising superovulation protocol.
本研究的目的是研究黄体完全缺失(CL)情况下超排卵的有效性，并将其与D1方案和传统的牛超排卵进行比较。将动物分为以下三组:1- d1方案:让动物(n= 7)自然排卵(D0)，然后在接下来的4天周期内接受卵泡刺激素。在最后一次给药FSH后12h给予GnRH。2- No-CL超排卵方案:动物(n=10)同步，在D9或D10接受PGF2α，然后分为两个亚组(D9亚组和D10亚组)。36 h后，抽吸所有≥5mm的卵泡(D0)。3-对照:动物(n=3)接受常规超排卵方案。每天采集血样，连续13天。采用酶免疫法(EIA)测定血浆中孕酮(p4)和雌二醇(e2)的含量。结果显示，D9和D10亚组的卵泡生长量均显著高于D1(25.8±4.3和20±1.9 vs. 10.9±1.9)(P< 0.05)。D9组卵泡数高于D10组、D1组和对照组(13.8±4.4 vs. 7.6±3.5、6.8±1.5和9.7±0.9)。综上所述，完全没有CL的超排卵方案产生了大量的卵泡生长，降低了变异性，被认为是一种有前途的超排卵方案。
{"title":"No-CL Superstimulatory Protocol: Developing a New Superovulation Treatment Initiated in the Absence of Corpus Luteum (CL) and Compared with D1 and Traditional Superovulation in Cattle","authors":"T. El-Sherry, M. Matsui, K. Kida, A. Miyamoto, G. Megahed, S. Shehata, Y. Miyake","doi":"10.2174/1874255601204010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601204010004","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of superovulation under a complete absence of the Corpus luteum (CL) and compare it with D1 protocol and traditional superovulation in cattle. Animals were divided into three groups as following; 1- D1-protocol: Animals (n= 7) were leaved to get natural ovulation (D0), then received FSH for the next 4 days of the cycle. GnRH was given 12h after the last dose of FSH. 2- No-CL superovulation protocol: Animals (n=10) were synchronized and received PGF2α at D9 or D10 then classified to two subgroups (D9-sub-group and D10-sub-group). After 36 h, all follicles (≥ 5 mm) were aspirated (D0). 3- Control: Animals (n=3) were submitted to the conventional superovulation protocol. Blood samples were collected daily for 13 days. Progesterone (P 4 ) and Estradiol (E 2 ) in plasma were measured by Enzyme immune assay (EIA). The results showed that the number of growing follicles was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in both D9 and D10 subgroups in comparison to the D1 protocol (25.8 ± 4.3 and 20 ± 1.9 vs. 10.9 ± 1.9 respectively). While the number of ovulated follicle was higher in D9 sub-group than D10 sub-group, D1 protocol and control (13.8 ± 4.4 vs. 7.6 ± 3.5, 6.8 ± 1.5 and 9.7±0.9). In conclusion, the superovulation protocol with complete absent of the CL produced high number of growing follicles, decreased variability and considered as a promising superovulation protocol.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"4-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78577814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-20DOI: 10.2174/1874255601204010001
P. Humaidan, D. Bodri, E. Papanikolaou, S. Kol
With the increasing use of gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist protocols, it has become an option to trigger ovulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist which has several advantages over human chorionic gonadotropin triggering; among those an elimination or reduction in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and a reduction in luteal phase discomfort. Thus, this paper questions the automated use of human chorionic gonadotropin for triggering of ovulation in assisted reproductive technologies.
{"title":"HCG: Is it the Best Choice for Ovulation Triggering?","authors":"P. Humaidan, D. Bodri, E. Papanikolaou, S. Kol","doi":"10.2174/1874255601204010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601204010001","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing use of gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist protocols, it has become an option to trigger ovulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist which has several advantages over human chorionic gonadotropin triggering; among those an elimination or reduction in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and a reduction in luteal phase discomfort. Thus, this paper questions the automated use of human chorionic gonadotropin for triggering of ovulation in assisted reproductive technologies.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80126951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-30DOI: 10.2174/1874255601103010162
Ivanka B. R. Candappa, P. Bartlewski
Artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) play an important role in the genetic improvement of sheep herds. This review primarily describes the methods that have recently been researched and/or adapted to circumvent the problematic anatomy of the ovine cervix, which prevents the widespread application of transcervical AI and ET in this species. A mechanism of cervical ripening at parturition and the endocrine influences on cervical tone are described as a backdrop to understanding the action of various pharmacological agents used to induce cervical dilation. Although several catheters have been designed to penetrate the ovine cervix, and a specific protocol has been developed for TCAI in sheep (Guelph Method), penetration rates and resulting pregnancy/lambing rates are still inconsistent and unpredictable. Hormonal dilation of the cervix may significantly improve the ease with which the ovine cervix can be traversed. Treatment with Cervidil ® , a dinoprostone-containing vaginal insert with a slow release mechanism, currently used to induce labor in women, could significantly improve cervical penetration in ewes without adverse effects on uterine contractility. This mode of drug delivery holds promise to result in the development of a safe method to induce cervical dilation for a broad range of transcervical reproductive manipulations in mammalian species including, but not limited to, AI, ET, embryo and oocyte recovery, treatment of ringwomb and transcervical surgical procedures. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of hormonal methods on cervical morphology/pathomorphology, sperm/embryo transport and viability, and fertility in both cyclic and seasonally anovular ewes.
{"title":"A Review of Advances in Artificial Insemination (AI) and Embryo Transfer (ET) in Sheep, with the Special Reference to Hormonal Induction of Cervical Dilation and its Implications for Controlled Animal Reproduction and Surgical Techniques","authors":"Ivanka B. R. Candappa, P. Bartlewski","doi":"10.2174/1874255601103010162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874255601103010162","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) play an important role in the genetic improvement of sheep herds. This review primarily describes the methods that have recently been researched and/or adapted to circumvent the problematic anatomy of the ovine cervix, which prevents the widespread application of transcervical AI and ET in this species. A mechanism of cervical ripening at parturition and the endocrine influences on cervical tone are described as a backdrop to understanding the action of various pharmacological agents used to induce cervical dilation. Although several catheters have been designed to penetrate the ovine cervix, and a specific protocol has been developed for TCAI in sheep (Guelph Method), penetration rates and resulting pregnancy/lambing rates are still inconsistent and unpredictable. Hormonal dilation of the cervix may significantly improve the ease with which the ovine cervix can be traversed. Treatment with Cervidil ® , a dinoprostone-containing vaginal insert with a slow release mechanism, currently used to induce labor in women, could significantly improve cervical penetration in ewes without adverse effects on uterine contractility. This mode of drug delivery holds promise to result in the development of a safe method to induce cervical dilation for a broad range of transcervical reproductive manipulations in mammalian species including, but not limited to, AI, ET, embryo and oocyte recovery, treatment of ringwomb and transcervical surgical procedures. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of hormonal methods on cervical morphology/pathomorphology, sperm/embryo transport and viability, and fertility in both cyclic and seasonally anovular ewes.","PeriodicalId":88757,"journal":{"name":"The open reproductive science journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"162-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84456807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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