Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17536146.2016.1252550
C. McLaren, Z. Colman, A. Rix, Celia Sullohern
Background: Shoulder taping is commonly used to improve muscular dysfunction and glenohumeral alignment in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). However, the implications of taping on the reduction of pain and increase in functional ability are yet to be established. Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise the current available evidence on the effectiveness of shoulder taping on pain and function in patients with SIS. Data sources: Medline, AMED, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched (April 2014) using keywords adapted for each database. Study selection: Three reviewers screened titles and abstracts for eligibility. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies. Studies examining the effect of shoulder taping on pain and/or function in adults with SIS were reviewed. Data synthesis: Risk of bias was assessed using a 12-item quality scale. Qualitative synthesis was carried out using a 5-level rating system for best evidence synthesis. Results: Five studies were included (n = 98), three of high quality and two of low quality. One pilot randomised control trial (RCT) examined the effectiveness of rigid taping and found a short-term improvement in pain and function only. Three RCTs and one controlled clinical trial investigated the effect of kinesio taping and produced moderate evidence for short-term improvements in pain and function. Conclusions: There is limited, low-quality evidence for the effectiveness of rigid taping on pain and function in the short term. The application of kinesio taping using a variety of techniques has moderate evidence for reducing pain and improving function in the short term. Studies consistently found taping to be a useful adjunct to normal physiotherapy interventions in the short term. Further research is needed to compare types of tape and draw conclusions as to the long-term effects of shoulder taping.
{"title":"The effectiveness of scapular taping on pain and function in people with subacromial impingement syndrome: A systematic review","authors":"C. McLaren, Z. Colman, A. Rix, Celia Sullohern","doi":"10.1080/17536146.2016.1252550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17536146.2016.1252550","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Shoulder taping is commonly used to improve muscular dysfunction and glenohumeral alignment in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). However, the implications of taping on the reduction of pain and increase in functional ability are yet to be established. Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise the current available evidence on the effectiveness of shoulder taping on pain and function in patients with SIS. Data sources: Medline, AMED, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched (April 2014) using keywords adapted for each database. Study selection: Three reviewers screened titles and abstracts for eligibility. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies. Studies examining the effect of shoulder taping on pain and/or function in adults with SIS were reviewed. Data synthesis: Risk of bias was assessed using a 12-item quality scale. Qualitative synthesis was carried out using a 5-level rating system for best evidence synthesis. Results: Five studies were included (n = 98), three of high quality and two of low quality. One pilot randomised control trial (RCT) examined the effectiveness of rigid taping and found a short-term improvement in pain and function only. Three RCTs and one controlled clinical trial investigated the effect of kinesio taping and produced moderate evidence for short-term improvements in pain and function. Conclusions: There is limited, low-quality evidence for the effectiveness of rigid taping on pain and function in the short term. The application of kinesio taping using a variety of techniques has moderate evidence for reducing pain and improving function in the short term. Studies consistently found taping to be a useful adjunct to normal physiotherapy interventions in the short term. Further research is needed to compare types of tape and draw conclusions as to the long-term effects of shoulder taping.","PeriodicalId":88907,"journal":{"name":"International musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17536146.2016.1252550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60243577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17536146.2016.1266115
J. Flynn, A. Clough
This case report presents a familiar problem experienced by competitive runners. It includes the assessment and management of a ‘masters’ runner, combining musculoskeletal medicine approaches with exercise rehabilitation.
{"title":"The management of medial recurrent patella femoral knee pain in a ‘masters’ runner†","authors":"J. Flynn, A. Clough","doi":"10.1080/17536146.2016.1266115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17536146.2016.1266115","url":null,"abstract":"This case report presents a familiar problem experienced by competitive runners. It includes the assessment and management of a ‘masters’ runner, combining musculoskeletal medicine approaches with exercise rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":88907,"journal":{"name":"International musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"109 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17536146.2016.1266115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60243664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17536146.2016.1261234
Alex Daulat
Objectives: To compare a novel group physiotherapy exercise programme with a standard programme for managing chronic low back pain (CLBP) in primary care. Introduction: Group exercise programmes used in physiotherapy practice are a cost effective treatment for managing CLBP but currently lack a combination of individualized specific exercises, one-to-one education and manual therapy. A novel group exercise programme was designed to address these limitations. Methods: The novel group exercise programme (Group A) was compared to a standard group exercise programme used in clinical practice (Group B) in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with focus groups. Participants with CLBP were allocated to the two programme groups by block randomization. Participants in both groups attended six one-hour programme sessions over a 3-month period. Outcomes measuring function (Functional Rating Index (FRI)), pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)), quality of life (EQ-5D) and satisfaction with treatment were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the programmes pre- and post-programme attendance and at 6 months. Focus groups were used to explore patients’ experiences regarding their treatment in the two group programmes. Results: Eighty-one participants were randomized to the two groups (41 in Group A; 40 in Group B). Both groups showed improvements to function, quality of life, and pain post treatment. There were no significant between-group differences in any outcomes post treatment and small effect sizes were found. Quality of life deteriorated in Group B at 6 months but continued to improve in the novel group. The within group analysis revealed significantly lower FRI and NPRS scores post-programme compared to pre-programme in both groups but these improvements were greater in the novel programme. EQ-5D scores were significantly higher in the novel programme post treatment but not in Group B. The focus group interviews showed that these group programmes provide social support but participants would like further guidance post treatment. Patients prefer individualized exercises as well as one-to-one education which are components of the novel programme. Conclusion: This novel programme may provide a suitable addition to existing programmes available for managing CLBP. It is recommended that this programme be further evaluated in clinical practice.
{"title":"A pragmatic randomized controlled trial to compare a novel group physiotherapy programme with a standard group exercise programme for managing chronic low back pain in primary care","authors":"Alex Daulat","doi":"10.1080/17536146.2016.1261234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17536146.2016.1261234","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To compare a novel group physiotherapy exercise programme with a standard programme for managing chronic low back pain (CLBP) in primary care. Introduction: Group exercise programmes used in physiotherapy practice are a cost effective treatment for managing CLBP but currently lack a combination of individualized specific exercises, one-to-one education and manual therapy. A novel group exercise programme was designed to address these limitations. Methods: The novel group exercise programme (Group A) was compared to a standard group exercise programme used in clinical practice (Group B) in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with focus groups. Participants with CLBP were allocated to the two programme groups by block randomization. Participants in both groups attended six one-hour programme sessions over a 3-month period. Outcomes measuring function (Functional Rating Index (FRI)), pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)), quality of life (EQ-5D) and satisfaction with treatment were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the programmes pre- and post-programme attendance and at 6 months. Focus groups were used to explore patients’ experiences regarding their treatment in the two group programmes. Results: Eighty-one participants were randomized to the two groups (41 in Group A; 40 in Group B). Both groups showed improvements to function, quality of life, and pain post treatment. There were no significant between-group differences in any outcomes post treatment and small effect sizes were found. Quality of life deteriorated in Group B at 6 months but continued to improve in the novel group. The within group analysis revealed significantly lower FRI and NPRS scores post-programme compared to pre-programme in both groups but these improvements were greater in the novel programme. EQ-5D scores were significantly higher in the novel programme post treatment but not in Group B. The focus group interviews showed that these group programmes provide social support but participants would like further guidance post treatment. Patients prefer individualized exercises as well as one-to-one education which are components of the novel programme. Conclusion: This novel programme may provide a suitable addition to existing programmes available for managing CLBP. It is recommended that this programme be further evaluated in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":88907,"journal":{"name":"International musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"108 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17536146.2016.1261234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60243602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17536146.2016.1226462
S. Wright
Lyme disease can cause arthritis and radicular pain along with other neurological and cardiac problems. The article reviews present understanding of the epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis and treatment of Lyme borreliosis.
{"title":"Musculo-skeletal and neurological aspects of Lyme disease","authors":"S. Wright","doi":"10.1080/17536146.2016.1226462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17536146.2016.1226462","url":null,"abstract":"Lyme disease can cause arthritis and radicular pain along with other neurological and cardiac problems. The article reviews present understanding of the epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis and treatment of Lyme borreliosis.","PeriodicalId":88907,"journal":{"name":"International musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"91 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17536146.2016.1226462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60243150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17536146.2016.1295554
P. Osmotherly
Well, maybe not an era per say. But the end of a significant consistency at least. Yesterday marked the very last time I could snap a photograph
{"title":"End of an era","authors":"P. Osmotherly","doi":"10.1080/17536146.2016.1295554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17536146.2016.1295554","url":null,"abstract":"Well, maybe not an era per say. But the end of a significant consistency at least. \u0000Yesterday marked the very last time I could snap a photograph","PeriodicalId":88907,"journal":{"name":"International musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"75 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17536146.2016.1295554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60243609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17536146.2016.1275436
Emiel van Trijffel, M. De Maeseneer, Luca Buzzatti, R. Oostendorp, A. Scafoglieri, E. Cattrysse
Objectives: Biomechanical mechanisms underlying passive joint techniques commonly used in musculoskeletal medicine such as mobilization and manipulation are largely unknown. We aimed to visualize and measure in vivo time-dependent changes in the volume or distribution of synovial fluid after passive joint movements. Methods: Experiments were conducted in three healthy subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) for visualizing and measuring synovial fluid volume and distribution in joints of the upper cervical spine, the knee joints, and the metacarpophalangeal joints of the second and third fingers up to 60 minutes before and after passive motion assessment, mobilization, and/or high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust manipulation. Results: MRI could not detect any fluid in the articular space of the lateral atlanto-axial joints. Using US, the antero-posterior diameter of the suprapatellar recess was decreased from 11.0 to 9.0 millimetres in one subject 30 minutes after mobilization of the knee. US imaging of the palmar recesses of the metacarpophalangeal joints was found insufficiently reproducible. Conclusions: In our experiments, current techniques for MRI and US were not appropriate for visualization and measurement of in vivo time-dependent changes, if any, in the volume or distribution of synovial fluid after passive joint movements. As a limitation, we did not estimate any measurement error of US. New, innovative research is needed to generate evidence on the biomechanical effects of passive joint techniques commonly used in musculoskeletal medicine.
{"title":"Are changes in synovial fluid volume or distribution a determinant of biomechanical effects of passive joint movements?","authors":"Emiel van Trijffel, M. De Maeseneer, Luca Buzzatti, R. Oostendorp, A. Scafoglieri, E. Cattrysse","doi":"10.1080/17536146.2016.1275436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17536146.2016.1275436","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Biomechanical mechanisms underlying passive joint techniques commonly used in musculoskeletal medicine such as mobilization and manipulation are largely unknown. We aimed to visualize and measure in vivo time-dependent changes in the volume or distribution of synovial fluid after passive joint movements. Methods: Experiments were conducted in three healthy subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) for visualizing and measuring synovial fluid volume and distribution in joints of the upper cervical spine, the knee joints, and the metacarpophalangeal joints of the second and third fingers up to 60 minutes before and after passive motion assessment, mobilization, and/or high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust manipulation. Results: MRI could not detect any fluid in the articular space of the lateral atlanto-axial joints. Using US, the antero-posterior diameter of the suprapatellar recess was decreased from 11.0 to 9.0 millimetres in one subject 30 minutes after mobilization of the knee. US imaging of the palmar recesses of the metacarpophalangeal joints was found insufficiently reproducible. Conclusions: In our experiments, current techniques for MRI and US were not appropriate for visualization and measurement of in vivo time-dependent changes, if any, in the volume or distribution of synovial fluid after passive joint movements. As a limitation, we did not estimate any measurement error of US. New, innovative research is needed to generate evidence on the biomechanical effects of passive joint techniques commonly used in musculoskeletal medicine.","PeriodicalId":88907,"journal":{"name":"International musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"115 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17536146.2016.1275436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60243710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/17536146.2016.1237063
Rikesh Arithoppah, K. Caldwell, Gordon A. Smith
Objectives: To explore the current use of injection therapy as part of a conservative treatment plan for degenerative meniscal lesions (DML) within UK based physiotherapy members of the Society of Musculoskeletal Medicine (SOMM) with injection training. Methods: An online survey was distributed via email to all UK based, SOMM physiotherapists who had trained and received their injection diploma through the SOMM (n = 203) with a response rate of 32% (n = 64). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, contingency tables and the Fisher's exact test. A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Ethical clearance was gained through the SOMM and Middlesex University. Results: Of the respondents 98% (n = 62) of current UK based, injection trained SOMM physiotherapists utilize conservative treatment for DML of which 81% (n = 52) include injection therapy. Seventy-seven per cent (n = 49) who currently use injection therapy for DML administer a combination of 40 mg Depomedrone combined with local anaesthetic via a patellofemoral approach. Those not using injection therapy as part of their management of DML attributed this to local department restrictions and lack of evidence. Discussion: This research has helped further understand the use of injection therapy for DML and where it fits within a conservative treatment plan. The benefit from injection therapy reported by respondents is similar to previous research but could be influenced by injection exposure and potentially steroid choice. Overall a consensus is starting to appear regarding dosage, steroid, and administration; however, differences arise when comparing individual department guidelines to CSP and NICE guidelines.
{"title":"A survey to explore the current use of injection therapy as part of a conservative treatment plan for degenerative meniscal lesions within UK based, injection trained physiotherapy members of the society of musculoskeletal medicine","authors":"Rikesh Arithoppah, K. Caldwell, Gordon A. Smith","doi":"10.1080/17536146.2016.1237063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17536146.2016.1237063","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To explore the current use of injection therapy as part of a conservative treatment plan for degenerative meniscal lesions (DML) within UK based physiotherapy members of the Society of Musculoskeletal Medicine (SOMM) with injection training. Methods: An online survey was distributed via email to all UK based, SOMM physiotherapists who had trained and received their injection diploma through the SOMM (n = 203) with a response rate of 32% (n = 64). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, contingency tables and the Fisher's exact test. A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Ethical clearance was gained through the SOMM and Middlesex University. Results: Of the respondents 98% (n = 62) of current UK based, injection trained SOMM physiotherapists utilize conservative treatment for DML of which 81% (n = 52) include injection therapy. Seventy-seven per cent (n = 49) who currently use injection therapy for DML administer a combination of 40 mg Depomedrone combined with local anaesthetic via a patellofemoral approach. Those not using injection therapy as part of their management of DML attributed this to local department restrictions and lack of evidence. Discussion: This research has helped further understand the use of injection therapy for DML and where it fits within a conservative treatment plan. The benefit from injection therapy reported by respondents is similar to previous research but could be influenced by injection exposure and potentially steroid choice. Overall a consensus is starting to appear regarding dosage, steroid, and administration; however, differences arise when comparing individual department guidelines to CSP and NICE guidelines.","PeriodicalId":88907,"journal":{"name":"International musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"63 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17536146.2016.1237063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60243278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/17536146.2016.1243290
R. Longworth, N. Chockalingam
Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is often idiopathic and has an incidence of 3/100 000. The prevalence is much higher however in patients who have received steroid therapy such as leukaemia survivors, who have an incidence of 1.2–29%. AVN is most commonly found in weight-bearing epiphyses with the most affected site being the femoral head, so gait abnormalities are to be expected with its progression. Most authors agree that early recognition and treatment of the condition, reduces the disabling effects of it. This review looks at the role of gait analysis in the recognition and treatment of AVN. Discussion: The quality of life of patients with AVN is known to be significantly worse than those without it. Early diagnosis and effective bone protective intervention are thought to be essential for the successful treatment of AVN with high-risk patients likely to benefit from early screening for it. As the majority of AVN is in the lower limb, and the vast majority of that is in the hip, one may assume that gait would be affected when it is present, but very little research has used gait analysis to assess this condition. We postulate that structured gait analysis could form the basis of a conservative approach to the management of hip AVN in cancer survivors. This has the potential to be a more cost effective detection strategy than MRI as well as a method of informing and evaluating conservative therapy for it. Summary: The markedly increased risk of AVN in cancer survivors has the potential to further reduce their quality of life and expose them to invasive surgery. Exploring this issue from a mechanical perspective might not only constitute a novel approach to its detection and treatment, but also reduce the socioeconomic burden related to it. Biomechanical gait analysis has the potential to improve patient experience and improve outcomes.
{"title":"Avascular necrosis: Is there a role for biomechanical examination as a potential modality for its detection and treatment?","authors":"R. Longworth, N. Chockalingam","doi":"10.1080/17536146.2016.1243290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17536146.2016.1243290","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is often idiopathic and has an incidence of 3/100 000. The prevalence is much higher however in patients who have received steroid therapy such as leukaemia survivors, who have an incidence of 1.2–29%. AVN is most commonly found in weight-bearing epiphyses with the most affected site being the femoral head, so gait abnormalities are to be expected with its progression. Most authors agree that early recognition and treatment of the condition, reduces the disabling effects of it. This review looks at the role of gait analysis in the recognition and treatment of AVN. Discussion: The quality of life of patients with AVN is known to be significantly worse than those without it. Early diagnosis and effective bone protective intervention are thought to be essential for the successful treatment of AVN with high-risk patients likely to benefit from early screening for it. As the majority of AVN is in the lower limb, and the vast majority of that is in the hip, one may assume that gait would be affected when it is present, but very little research has used gait analysis to assess this condition. We postulate that structured gait analysis could form the basis of a conservative approach to the management of hip AVN in cancer survivors. This has the potential to be a more cost effective detection strategy than MRI as well as a method of informing and evaluating conservative therapy for it. Summary: The markedly increased risk of AVN in cancer survivors has the potential to further reduce their quality of life and expose them to invasive surgery. Exploring this issue from a mechanical perspective might not only constitute a novel approach to its detection and treatment, but also reduce the socioeconomic burden related to it. Biomechanical gait analysis has the potential to improve patient experience and improve outcomes.","PeriodicalId":88907,"journal":{"name":"International musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"59 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17536146.2016.1243290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60243772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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