Suzanne M de la Monte, Erin Elgas, Ming Tong, Busra Delikkaya, Yiwen Yang
Background: Central Nervous System (CNS) abnormalities with insulin resistance and mediated by developmental exposures to ethanol can be avoided or remediated by consumption of dietary soy, which has insulin-sensitizing as well as antioxidant effects. However, choline supplementation has been shown to diminish Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) pathologies, and dietary soy contains abundant choline. This study was designed to determine if the therapeutic effects of soy were mediated by or independent of choline.
Methods: Human PNET2 cells exposed to 0 mM or 100 mM ethanol for 48 hours were seeded into 96-well or 12-well plates and treated with vehicle, choline chloride (75 μM), or 1 μM Daidzein+1 μM Genistein (D+G) for 24 h. The cells were then analyzed for viability (Hoechst 33342), mitochondrial function (MTT), and GAPDH, Tau, Acetyl Cholinesterase (AChE), Choline Acetyl Transferase (ChAT), and Aspartyl-Asparaginyl-β-Hydroxylase (ASPH) immunoreactivity.
Results: Choline and D+G significantly increased MTT activity (mitochondrial function) corrected for cell number relative to vehicle in control and ethanol-exposed cultures. Both choline and D+G prevented the ethanol-induced inhibition of GAPDH and ChAT and increased cellular accumulations of Tau. However, D+G significantly increased ASPH expression relative to vehicle and Choline.
Conclusion: Choline and D+G differentially modulated the expression of neuronal proteins, mitochondrial function, and ASPH. Importantly, the prominently increased expression of ASPH by D+G corresponds with the insulin-sensitizer actions of soy isoflavones since ASPH is an insulin-responsive molecule. The findings further suggest that dietary soy may be more effective than choline for reducing ethanol-impaired neuronal migration linked to ASPH inhibition in FASD.
{"title":"Differential rescue effects of choline chloride and soy isolate on metabolic dysfunction in immature central nervous system neurons: Relevance to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.","authors":"Suzanne M de la Monte, Erin Elgas, Ming Tong, Busra Delikkaya, Yiwen Yang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central Nervous System (CNS) abnormalities with insulin resistance and mediated by developmental exposures to ethanol can be avoided or remediated by consumption of dietary soy, which has insulin-sensitizing as well as antioxidant effects. However, choline supplementation has been shown to diminish Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) pathologies, and dietary soy contains abundant choline. This study was designed to determine if the therapeutic effects of soy were mediated by or independent of choline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human PNET2 cells exposed to 0 mM or 100 mM ethanol for 48 hours were seeded into 96-well or 12-well plates and treated with vehicle, choline chloride (75 μM), or 1 μM Daidzein+1 μM Genistein (D+G) for 24 h. The cells were then analyzed for viability (Hoechst 33342), mitochondrial function (MTT), and GAPDH, Tau, Acetyl Cholinesterase (AChE), Choline Acetyl Transferase (ChAT), and Aspartyl-Asparaginyl-β-Hydroxylase (ASPH) immunoreactivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Choline and D+G significantly increased MTT activity (mitochondrial function) corrected for cell number relative to vehicle in control and ethanol-exposed cultures. Both choline and D+G prevented the ethanol-induced inhibition of GAPDH and ChAT and increased cellular accumulations of Tau. However, D+G significantly increased ASPH expression relative to vehicle and Choline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Choline and D+G differentially modulated the expression of neuronal proteins, mitochondrial function, and ASPH. Importantly, the prominently increased expression of ASPH by D+G corresponds with the insulin-sensitizer actions of soy isoflavones since ASPH is an insulin-responsive molecule. The findings further suggest that dietary soy may be more effective than choline for reducing ethanol-impaired neuronal migration linked to ASPH inhibition in FASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"13 Suppl 1","pages":"107-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).254-255
Ramya Velluri
Type 2 diabetes is represented by elevated glucose levels brought about by insulin resistance. Insulin is a chemical that assists glucose with entering cells, it can be utilized for energy or put away for some time later. Insulin resistance happens when cells in the body don’t react well to insulin and consequently don’t eliminate glucose from the blood. In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance likewise builds the body’s creation of insulin, which can prompt expanded craving, hypertension, and weight acquire.
{"title":"Hepatic drugs (GABA) is essential for type 2 diabetes treatment","authors":"Ramya Velluri","doi":"10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).254-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).254-255","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes is represented by elevated glucose levels brought about by insulin resistance. Insulin is a chemical that assists glucose with entering cells, it can be utilized for energy or put away for some time later. Insulin resistance happens when cells in the body don’t react well to insulin and consequently don’t eliminate glucose from the blood. In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance likewise builds the body’s creation of insulin, which can prompt expanded craving, hypertension, and weight acquire.","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"11 1","pages":"254-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69923497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(5).227
Javier
{"title":"4th Annual Congress on Diabetes, Obesity and Its Complications during September 28-29, 2020 in Singapore","authors":"Javier","doi":"10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(5).227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(5).227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"11 1","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69923795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(6).231-241
G. Penna, A. Girelli, F. Bertuzzi, R.Celleno, M. Scavini, P. Tripodi, M.Zanon, R. Bartolo
Young age onset and long-life expectancy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) people make it essential to achieve an early, stable and optimal glycemic control to prevent chronic complications and ensure good quality of life. These goals can only be achieved by having a healthcare organization that guarantees patient equity of access, quality and continuity of care, with an appropriate use of resources. To make the treatment organization efficient and appropriate, various health systems have implemented Diagnostic Therapeutic Assistance Paths (DTAP). DTAPs aim to share decision-making processes and healthcare organization for specific groups of patients on the basis of existing guidelines and in relation to the available resources, during a well-defined period of time. In Italy, the Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD) scientific society, in association with Association of Pediatric Endocrinologists and Diabetologists (SIEDP), and voluntary diabetes associations (i.e. Diabetes Italia) developed a national DTAP for T1DM. Five DTAP models were defined, focusing on 5 different disease stages or treatment process: onset of illness or first referral from another diabetes clinic, routine visit in good metabolic control, uncontrolled hyperglycemia, advanced technologies, transition from pediatric to adult diabetes clinic. Objectives, healthcare professionals involved, visits organization, and educational contents for each of these PDTAs are detailed in the core document. This DTAP will be disseminated through the AMD regional referents to the Regional Healthcare Systems. Each Region will be asked to implement the DTAP through multi-professional working groups, with the participation of regional AMD referents and representatives of Patient Associations. The DTAP effectiveness will be evaluated using an indicators’ system every year.
{"title":"Diagnostic - Therapeutic - Assistance Paths (DTAP) for type 1 diabetes mellitus: summary of the document of the Italian Ã?¢??Associazione Medici Diabetologi(AMD)Ã?¢?? scientific society","authors":"G. Penna, A. Girelli, F. Bertuzzi, R.Celleno, M. Scavini, P. Tripodi, M.Zanon, R. Bartolo","doi":"10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(6).231-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(6).231-241","url":null,"abstract":"Young age onset and long-life expectancy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) people make it essential to achieve an early, stable and optimal glycemic control to prevent chronic complications and ensure good quality of life. These goals can only be achieved by having a healthcare organization that guarantees patient equity of access, quality and continuity of care, with an appropriate use of resources. To make the treatment organization efficient and appropriate, various health systems have implemented Diagnostic Therapeutic Assistance Paths (DTAP). DTAPs aim to share decision-making processes and healthcare organization for specific groups of patients on the basis of existing guidelines and in relation to the available resources, during a well-defined period of time. In Italy, the Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD) scientific society, in association with Association of Pediatric Endocrinologists and Diabetologists (SIEDP), and voluntary diabetes associations (i.e. Diabetes Italia) developed a national DTAP for T1DM. Five DTAP models were defined, focusing on 5 different disease stages or treatment process: onset of illness or first referral from another diabetes clinic, routine visit in good metabolic control, uncontrolled hyperglycemia, advanced technologies, transition from pediatric to adult diabetes clinic. Objectives, healthcare professionals involved, visits organization, and educational contents for each of these PDTAs are detailed in the core document. This DTAP will be disseminated through the AMD regional referents to the Regional Healthcare Systems. Each Region will be asked to implement the DTAP through multi-professional working groups, with the participation of regional AMD referents and representatives of Patient Associations. The DTAP effectiveness will be evaluated using an indicators’ system every year.","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"11 1","pages":"231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69923511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).265-269
Sangoyomi Seun A Akinola Oluwole
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease with neuropathy as its most common complication. In the present study, the effects of oral hypoglycaemic drugs (metformin, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) on the morphology of the sciatic nerve were investigated. Forty male Wistar rats (140 g) divided into 5 groups control, diabetic, and 3 experimental groups (n=8) were used for the study. The 3 experimental groups were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) and subsequently treated with metformin (150 mg/kg/d), pioglitazone (3 mg/kg/d) and rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) respectively. At 28 days of treatment, sciatic nerve morphology was studied by the Bielschosky’s Silver Nitrate (BSN) and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) techniques. Blood glucose levels were monitored and recorded throughout the experiment. In the diabetic rats with oral hypoglycaemic interventions, blood glucose was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the control at 28 days of treatment. The body weight of Rosiglitazone-treated rats showed significant increase when compared with the control and other oral hypoglycaemic drug-treated rats. The axon and myelin fibers showed relatively strong affinity for BSN and LFB in the control and oral hypoglycaemic drugtreated diabetic rats contrary to the weak affinity for the stains in the untreated diabetic rats. These results suggest that oral hypoglycaemic drugs exerted positive effects on the treatment and improvement of sciatic nerve morphology of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
{"title":"The comparative effects of metformin, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on the sciatic nerve of alloxan-induced diabetic male rats","authors":"Sangoyomi Seun A Akinola Oluwole","doi":"10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).265-269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).265-269","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease with neuropathy as its most common complication. In the present study, the effects of oral hypoglycaemic drugs (metformin, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) on the morphology of the sciatic nerve were investigated. Forty male Wistar rats (140 g) divided into 5 groups control, diabetic, and 3 experimental groups (n=8) were used for the study. The 3 experimental groups were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) and subsequently treated with metformin (150 mg/kg/d), pioglitazone (3 mg/kg/d) and rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) respectively. At 28 days of treatment, sciatic nerve morphology was studied by the Bielschosky’s Silver Nitrate (BSN) and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) techniques. Blood glucose levels were monitored and recorded throughout the experiment. In the diabetic rats with oral hypoglycaemic interventions, blood glucose was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the control at 28 days of treatment. The body weight of Rosiglitazone-treated rats showed significant increase when compared with the control and other oral hypoglycaemic drug-treated rats. The axon and myelin fibers showed relatively strong affinity for BSN and LFB in the control and oral hypoglycaemic drug\u0002treated diabetic rats contrary to the weak affinity for the stains in the untreated diabetic rats. These results suggest that oral hypoglycaemic drugs exerted positive effects on the treatment and improvement of sciatic nerve morphology of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"11 1","pages":"265-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69923632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(5).229
O. Ojo
Global diabetes market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.6% percent for the forecasted period of 2018-2023. The market is segmented on the basis of type of diabetes, drugs class and diabetic devices. Diabetic drugs have the highest market share amongst drugs and devices and are also expected to have the highest growth rate with a CAGR of 8.9%. Some of the top selling diabetic drugs include Lantus (Sanofi), Januvia (Merck And Co), Humalog (Eli Lily And Co), Novorapid (Novo Nordisk), Levemir (Novo Nordisk), Victoza (Novo Nordisk), Janumet (Merck And Co.), Novolog (Novo Nordisk), Humalin (Eli Lily And Co.) And Galvus (Novartis). With the diabetic population expected to cross the 350 million market by 2030 the market is expected to show strong growth rate.
{"title":"2020 Market Analysis","authors":"O. Ojo","doi":"10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(5).229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(5).229","url":null,"abstract":"Global diabetes market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.6% percent for the forecasted period of 2018-2023. The market is segmented on the basis of type of diabetes, drugs class and diabetic devices. Diabetic drugs have the highest market share amongst drugs and devices and are also expected to have the highest growth rate with a CAGR of 8.9%. Some of the top selling diabetic drugs include Lantus (Sanofi), Januvia (Merck And Co), Humalog (Eli Lily And Co), Novorapid (Novo Nordisk), Levemir (Novo Nordisk), Victoza (Novo Nordisk), Janumet (Merck And Co.), Novolog (Novo Nordisk), Humalin (Eli Lily And Co.) And Galvus (Novartis). With the diabetic population expected to cross the 350 million market by 2030 the market is expected to show strong growth rate.","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"11 1","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69923467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).245-253
D. Folinas, Maria Tzilini Kyriakos Kazakos
The study aims to identify and present the functional and non-functional technical and medical specifications of the software application that supports the clinical care of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients and maintain clinical information for monitoring, evaluation, and administration purposes in a research project titled cometech. The proposed software application belongs to the Electronic Health Management Information Systems (eHMIS) category that is designed to fulfill the need for an automated national health information management system. It is used for public health-related decision-making. Its main users are public policymakers, health officers, researchers, planning departments of health offices, eHMIS focal persons, data entry clerks, and many others ranging from health facility to federal management levels. The identification and analysis of the functional and non-functional requirements will help researchers to design and develop similar software applications that aim to introduce telehealth tools and services to achieve continuity of health care and to provide consultation and patient education (society awareness).
{"title":"Identifying functional and non-functional specifications of a telehealth software application for diabetes mellitus","authors":"D. Folinas, Maria Tzilini Kyriakos Kazakos","doi":"10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).245-253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/1758-1907.2021.11(7).245-253","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to identify and present the functional and non-functional technical and medical specifications of the software application that supports the clinical care of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients and maintain clinical information for monitoring, evaluation, and administration purposes in a research project titled cometech. The proposed software application belongs to the Electronic Health Management Information Systems (eHMIS) category that is designed to fulfill the need for an automated national health information management system. It is used for public health-related decision-making. Its main users are public policymakers, health officers, researchers, planning departments of health offices, eHMIS focal persons, data entry clerks, and many others ranging from health facility to federal management levels. The identification and analysis of the functional and non-functional requirements will help researchers to design and develop similar software applications that aim to introduce telehealth tools and services to achieve continuity of health care and to provide consultation and patient education (society awareness).","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"11 1","pages":"245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69923482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
——— DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS ——— Injection: 2 mg/1.5 mL (1.34 mg/mL) available in: • Single-patient-use pen that delivers 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg per injection (3). • Single-patient-use pen that delivers 1 mg per injection (3). ——— CONTRAINDICATIONS ——— • Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (4). • Known hypersensitivity to OZEMPIC® or any of the product components (4). ——— WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ——— • Pancreatitis: Has been reported in clinical trials. Discontinue promptly if pancreatitis is suspected. Do not restart if pancreatitis is confirmed (5.2). • Diabetic Retinopathy Complications: Has been reported in a clinical trial. Patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy should be monitored (5.3). • Never share an OZEMPIC® pen between patients, even if the needle is changed (5.4). • Hypoglycemia: When OZEMPIC® is used with an insulin secretagogue or insulin, consider lowering the dose of the secretagogue or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia (5.5). • Acute Kidney Injury: Monitor renal function in patients with renal impairment reporting severe adverse gastrointestinal reactions (5.6). • Hypersensitivity Reactions: Discontinue OZEMPIC® if suspected and promptly seek medical advice (5.7). ——— ADVERSE REACTIONS ——— The most common adverse reactions, reported in ≥5% of patients treated with OZEMPIC® are: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and constipation (6.1). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Novo Nordisk Inc., at 1-888693-6742 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
{"title":"Oral medications","authors":"Janet Titchener","doi":"10.4324/9780429326196-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429326196-5","url":null,"abstract":"——— DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS ——— Injection: 2 mg/1.5 mL (1.34 mg/mL) available in: • Single-patient-use pen that delivers 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg per injection (3). • Single-patient-use pen that delivers 1 mg per injection (3). ——— CONTRAINDICATIONS ——— • Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (4). • Known hypersensitivity to OZEMPIC® or any of the product components (4). ——— WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ——— • Pancreatitis: Has been reported in clinical trials. Discontinue promptly if pancreatitis is suspected. Do not restart if pancreatitis is confirmed (5.2). • Diabetic Retinopathy Complications: Has been reported in a clinical trial. Patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy should be monitored (5.3). • Never share an OZEMPIC® pen between patients, even if the needle is changed (5.4). • Hypoglycemia: When OZEMPIC® is used with an insulin secretagogue or insulin, consider lowering the dose of the secretagogue or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia (5.5). • Acute Kidney Injury: Monitor renal function in patients with renal impairment reporting severe adverse gastrointestinal reactions (5.6). • Hypersensitivity Reactions: Discontinue OZEMPIC® if suspected and promptly seek medical advice (5.7). ——— ADVERSE REACTIONS ——— The most common adverse reactions, reported in ≥5% of patients treated with OZEMPIC® are: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and constipation (6.1). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Novo Nordisk Inc., at 1-888693-6742 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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