The production of Clostridium sordelli veterinary vaccine is prepared by culturing the microorganism in large industrial bioreactors and purifying the toxin from culture supernatants. Currently, the harvesting time is established as function of bacterial growth, but not always this moment is associated to the maximum concentration of toxin present in the supernatant. Thus, it is easy to find different total amounts of toxin produced batch to batch. Besides, at present the toxin concentration is measured by in vivo LD50 methods, and results can be obtained only after 72h, when the bioreactor was already stopped.Moreover, the method is labour intensive and requires the use of a significant number of experimental animals We describe the development of a latex agglutination reagent for semiquantification of Clostridium sordelli lethal toxin (TcsL) and its use in industrial bioreactors. The reagent was developed and characterized in our laboratory achieving a considerable low detection limit (8ng of toxin per ml of culture supernatant) and then it was validated in actual industrial conditions. The use of such a rapid (i.e, in minutes) and easy to use reagent will allowto followthe culture in real time and thus standardizing the optimal end-point for harvesting in terms of toxin quantity.As an immediate consequence, the efficiency of TcsL industrial production may be optimized.
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).197
A. Jalili, Nasser Abbaspor, L. Pourakbar, Nayer Mohamadkhani
{"title":"Proteomic Profile Analysis of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Roots Under Salinity Stress","authors":"A. Jalili, Nasser Abbaspor, L. Pourakbar, Nayer Mohamadkhani","doi":"10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"85 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83588294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).196
A. Mohamed, O. M. Salem, G. Klock, S. El-Enin
To date, more effort has been put towards biodiesel production using algal lipid, while less attention has been paid on biogas production. In this paper, we used the accumulated biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivated under nitrogen stress in columns bioreactors with 120 L working volume to produce biodiesel from the extracted neutral lipids and biogas from the residual biomass. The accumulated neutral lipids were 14%, 17% and 21% for cultures containing 100%, 50% and 0.0% NaNO3 concentration respectively. The highest net accumulated methane yield was 315 ml g-1 volatile solids from the residual biomass after lipid extraction of the 50% NaNO3 culture. The fatty acid profile shows a significant increase of saturated fatty acids by 40.5% and 54.1% in nitrogen-deficient cultures 50% NaNO3 and 0.0% NaNO3 respectively and sharply decrease in poly-unsaturated fatty acids by 54.2% under complete deficiency of nitrogen (0.0% NaNO3). The percent of the produced biodiesel through trans esterification was 95% with high cetane value 61 and a high percentage of palmitic acid 37% which reflect high efficiency and stability of the produced biodiesel. The biomethane potential for microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana) and macroalgae (Laminaria japonica) were 255 and 173 mL g-1 VS respectively under the same conditions.
迄今为止，更多的努力已经投入到使用藻类脂质生产生物柴油，而很少关注沼气的生产。本研究利用氮胁迫下sorokiniana小球藻积累的生物量，在工作体积为120 L的柱式生物反应器中提取中性脂，并从剩余生物量中提取沼气生产生物柴油。在NaNO3浓度为100%、50%和0.0%的培养基中，累积中性脂分别为14%、17%和21%。在50% NaNO3培养物的脂质提取后，剩余生物质中挥发性固体的最高净累积甲烷产量为315 ml g-1。脂肪酸谱显示，在50% NaNO3和0.0% NaNO3缺氮培养下，饱和脂肪酸显著增加40.5%和54.1%，而在完全缺氮(0.0% NaNO3)培养下，多不饱和脂肪酸急剧减少54.2%。反式酯化所得生物柴油的转化率为95%，十六烷值高达61，棕榈酸含量高达37%，反映了生物柴油的高效和稳定性。在相同条件下，微藻(小球藻)和大型藻(海带藻)的生物甲烷势分别为255和173 mL g-1 VS。
{"title":"Integrated Biodiesel and Biogas Production from Chlorella sorokiniana: Towards a Sustainable Closed-Loop through Residual Waste Biodegradation","authors":"A. Mohamed, O. M. Salem, G. Klock, S. El-Enin","doi":"10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).196","url":null,"abstract":"To date, more effort has been put towards biodiesel production using algal lipid, while less attention has been paid on biogas production. In this paper, we used the accumulated biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivated under nitrogen stress in columns bioreactors with 120 L working volume to produce biodiesel from the extracted neutral lipids and biogas from the residual biomass. The accumulated neutral lipids were 14%, 17% and 21% for cultures containing 100%, 50% and 0.0% NaNO3 concentration respectively. The highest net accumulated methane yield was 315 ml g-1 volatile solids from the residual biomass after lipid extraction of the 50% NaNO3 culture. The fatty acid profile shows a significant increase of saturated fatty acids by 40.5% and 54.1% in nitrogen-deficient cultures 50% NaNO3 and 0.0% NaNO3 respectively and sharply decrease in poly-unsaturated fatty acids by 54.2% under complete deficiency of nitrogen (0.0% NaNO3). The percent of the produced biodiesel through trans esterification was 95% with high cetane value 61 and a high percentage of palmitic acid 37% which reflect high efficiency and stability of the produced biodiesel. The biomethane potential for microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana) and macroalgae (Laminaria japonica) were 255 and 173 mL g-1 VS respectively under the same conditions.","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74389800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).198
D. Sharma, Janardan Lamichhane
Nepal has the richest source of herbal medicinal plants and high plant biodiversity even within the altitudinal variation of every100 meter. Based on the high biodiversity report cell-mediated the national flower of Nepal, Rhododendron arboreum (Smith), was collected from Palpa district of Nepal with an altitude of 1350 and phytochemical analysis was performed from its methanol extract. Basic Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids Coumarins, and Saponins. Based on primary research output and the importance of the basic compounds the samples were further reanalyzed with HPLC-ESI and QTOF-MS. Thirteen different chemically important compounds from R. arboreum were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Among them, Rhodolatouside A and Rhodolatouside B were first time reported as new compounds in Rhododendron arboreum from Nepal whereas Coumaric acid, Gallic acid, Rhodolatouside A, Leuco-pelargonidin, Rhodolatouside B, Myricetin, Hyperoside, Quercetin, Maslinic Acid, Linoleic acid, 1-Naphthalenepropanol, Octadecanoic acid, and Betulinic Acid/Ursolic acid were observed as previously reported compounds. All the compounds were identified with their molecular formula.
{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Rhododendron arboreum Leaves Extracts using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS","authors":"D. Sharma, Janardan Lamichhane","doi":"10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/tsbt.2019.15(6).198","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal has the richest source of herbal medicinal plants and high plant biodiversity even within the altitudinal variation of every100 meter. Based on the high biodiversity report cell-mediated the national flower of Nepal, Rhododendron arboreum (Smith), was collected from Palpa district of Nepal with an altitude of 1350 and phytochemical analysis was performed from its methanol extract. Basic Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids Coumarins, and Saponins. Based on primary research output and the importance of the basic compounds the samples were further reanalyzed with HPLC-ESI and QTOF-MS. Thirteen different chemically important compounds from R. arboreum were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Among them, Rhodolatouside A and Rhodolatouside B were first time reported as new compounds in Rhododendron arboreum from Nepal whereas Coumaric acid, Gallic acid, Rhodolatouside A, Leuco-pelargonidin, Rhodolatouside B, Myricetin, Hyperoside, Quercetin, Maslinic Acid, Linoleic acid, 1-Naphthalenepropanol, Octadecanoic acid, and Betulinic Acid/Ursolic acid were observed as previously reported compounds. All the compounds were identified with their molecular formula.","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75009893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.15192/pscp.sa.2017.20.1.813
A. Fatikhovich, K. Ivanovna, Zaynitdinova Lyudmila Ibrahimovna, Tashpulatov Javlon Jamondinovich
Development of microbial biota of the region of the Southern Aral Sea, which characterized by excessive aridity and salt concentration and presence of pesticides’ traces as well, was studied. It was established that analyzed natural microbial biota comprises sporogenous, ammonifying and oligonitrifying microorganisms as well. Nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms were not revealed. Filamentous fungi belonging to genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium were isolated as well. At the same time, nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms were isolated from arable soils, where humus content is higher. Strains of Azotobacter, resistant to mixture of pesticides, were isolated as well.
{"title":"Microorganisms of the Extreme Zones of the Southern Aral Sea Region","authors":"A. Fatikhovich, K. Ivanovna, Zaynitdinova Lyudmila Ibrahimovna, Tashpulatov Javlon Jamondinovich","doi":"10.15192/pscp.sa.2017.20.1.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15192/pscp.sa.2017.20.1.813","url":null,"abstract":"Development of microbial biota of the region of the Southern Aral Sea, which characterized by excessive aridity and salt concentration and presence of pesticides’ traces as well, was studied. It was established that analyzed natural microbial biota comprises sporogenous, ammonifying and oligonitrifying microorganisms as well. Nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms were not revealed. Filamentous fungi belonging to genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium were isolated as well. At the same time, nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms were isolated from arable soils, where humus content is higher. Strains of Azotobacter, resistant to mixture of pesticides, were isolated as well.","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76361678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-30DOI: 10.14257/IJSH.2015.9.9.07
Weicheng Han, Tieying Li
Lucheng City has a long history, and now is the only county-level city which belongs to Shanxi Province. This city has a small population of people which are relatively concentrated. The economy of this city is based on the coal industry, which results in the fact that the secondary industry dominates while the primary and tertiary ones obviously fall behind. To respond to the call of our nation, which is that ‘balance the development between the urban and rural’, and to meet the needs of the urban development, it is essential to make some detailed strategies. Especially, the construction of the landscape green space system plays an important role in this process. This paper focuses on the drainage purposes of this system. In addition, to enhance this city’s drainage function, it is also demanding to optimize its drainage system, which in this paper we concentrate on the urban sewer system. In this paper, we apply two mathematical models into the drainage analysis and optimization, which are the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) method and urban sewer system model (USSM), respectively.
{"title":"Research on planning of the integration of urban and rural areas, and construction of landscape green space system, of Lucheng City","authors":"Weicheng Han, Tieying Li","doi":"10.14257/IJSH.2015.9.9.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14257/IJSH.2015.9.9.07","url":null,"abstract":"Lucheng City has a long history, and now is the only county-level city which belongs to Shanxi Province. This city has a small population of people which are relatively concentrated. The economy of this city is based on the coal industry, which results in the fact that the secondary industry dominates while the primary and tertiary ones obviously fall behind. To respond to the call of our nation, which is that ‘balance the development between the urban and rural’, and to meet the needs of the urban development, it is essential to make some detailed strategies. Especially, the construction of the landscape green space system plays an important role in this process. This paper focuses on the drainage purposes of this system. In addition, to enhance this city’s drainage function, it is also demanding to optimize its drainage system, which in this paper we concentrate on the urban sewer system. In this paper, we apply two mathematical models into the drainage analysis and optimization, which are the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) method and urban sewer system model (USSM), respectively.","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83525706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-30DOI: 10.14257/IJCA.2015.8.6.11
Yugui Li, Yanxu Wei
Making pure rolling shear as the target, based on the principles analysis of shear mechanism in the rolling shear, trajectories of the overlap and the horizontal displacement of the upper blade during the cutting process are directly calculated out. And then the trajectories are optimized with improved natural selection-based particle swarm optimization algorithm (selPSO) deemed lengths of the key rods as variables. On this basis, motion laws of the driving links are reversely worked out through solving position equations of the rolling shear’s mechanism, which are nonlinear equations, with selPSO. The calculated results show that the synthetic horizontal translation (mean value of all horizontal displacement relating to calculated points) of the upper blade reduced by 34.96% and the overlap becomes a constant, which can realize the pure rolling cutting very well and improve the shear quality of the steel plate; selPSO is applicable to solve nonlinear equations in the project, which can overcome the problem of high sensitivity to initial value and improve the computational efficiency
{"title":"Research of rolling shear motion laws based on improved PSO","authors":"Yugui Li, Yanxu Wei","doi":"10.14257/IJCA.2015.8.6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14257/IJCA.2015.8.6.11","url":null,"abstract":"Making pure rolling shear as the target, based on the principles analysis of shear mechanism in the rolling shear, trajectories of the overlap and the horizontal displacement of the upper blade during the cutting process are directly calculated out. And then the trajectories are optimized with improved natural selection-based particle swarm optimization algorithm (selPSO) deemed lengths of the key rods as variables. On this basis, motion laws of the driving links are reversely worked out through solving position equations of the rolling shear’s mechanism, which are nonlinear equations, with selPSO. The calculated results show that the synthetic horizontal translation (mean value of all horizontal displacement relating to calculated points) of the upper blade reduced by 34.96% and the overlap becomes a constant, which can realize the pure rolling cutting very well and improve the shear quality of the steel plate; selPSO is applicable to solve nonlinear equations in the project, which can overcome the problem of high sensitivity to initial value and improve the computational efficiency","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-28DOI: 10.14716/IJTECH.V6I1.288
M. A. Nassar, H. M. E. Rahman, M.El Sahkawy
Recycled fibres are important sources for paperboard industry. There are various approaches to enhance the strength of recycled fibres. These approaches includemechanical treatment, chemical addition, and physical fractionation as well as blending with virgin fibres. In this study, two types of deinked old newsprint (ONP) pulp were subjected to blending with virgin fibres of rice straw. The ONP pulp was blended with rice strawpulp at 4 intervals ranging from0 to 100%addition. Itwas observed that blending ONP with rice strawpulp had enhanced the strength of the virgin fibre and vise versa. The modification of rice straw fibres was visually evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the addition of the flexible ONP pulp type2 seemed to fill up the voids in the paper sheet and created more bonding with rice straw fibres. Shrimps exoskeletons poweder, borax and cactus peel extract were added to paper board made from50%rice straw+50%ONP type2 pulp at percent of 2%based on oven dryweight pulp. The antimicrobial activity of each of these three additives was studied.
{"title":"An optimum mixture of virgin rice straw pulp and recycled old newsprint (ONP) pulp and their antimicrobial activity","authors":"M. A. Nassar, H. M. E. Rahman, M.El Sahkawy","doi":"10.14716/IJTECH.V6I1.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/IJTECH.V6I1.288","url":null,"abstract":"Recycled fibres are important sources for paperboard industry. There are various approaches to enhance the strength of recycled fibres. These approaches includemechanical treatment, chemical addition, and physical fractionation as well as blending with virgin fibres. In this study, two types of deinked old newsprint (ONP) pulp were subjected to blending with virgin fibres of rice straw. The ONP pulp was blended with rice strawpulp at 4 intervals ranging from0 to 100%addition. Itwas observed that blending ONP with rice strawpulp had enhanced the strength of the virgin fibre and vise versa. The modification of rice straw fibres was visually evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the addition of the flexible ONP pulp type2 seemed to fill up the voids in the paper sheet and created more bonding with rice straw fibres. Shrimps exoskeletons poweder, borax and cactus peel extract were added to paper board made from50%rice straw+50%ONP type2 pulp at percent of 2%based on oven dryweight pulp. The antimicrobial activity of each of these three additives was studied.","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90821121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40660-7_183
Lan Zhang, Caihong Zhang, Liangzhen Zang
{"title":"Case Studies on Biofuel Supply Logistics for Forest Bioenergy in China","authors":"Lan Zhang, Caihong Zhang, Liangzhen Zang","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-40660-7_183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40660-7_183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1221-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84326471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1874444301406010803
Mengqi Lei, Zeng Chunnian, L. Hong, L. Jie, L. Wen, L. Xianghua
Accurate AFR control with TWC is a significant method to reduce the exhaust emission of SI engines. To follow the modern model-based methodology in automotive industries, a virtual engine simulation platform have been carried out to simulate a SGMW B15 engine based on enDYNA by adding the AFR path dynamic models. Experiments and simulation results have been compared for the model validation both about the engine performance at steady state and AFR path transient response. Also a soft ECU model has been designed for the control algorithm implementation. Simulation results shows that the engine model is appropriate for simulating SI engine operated at steady and transient state, and the close-loop PID controller has better performance for suppressing the overshoot of AFR signal during transient throttle position varying. The simulation model described in this work could support the AFR control algorithm development as a proper virtual engine control objects
{"title":"Research on modeling and simulation of SI engine for AFR Control application","authors":"Mengqi Lei, Zeng Chunnian, L. Hong, L. Jie, L. Wen, L. Xianghua","doi":"10.2174/1874444301406010803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874444301406010803","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate AFR control with TWC is a significant method to reduce the exhaust emission of SI engines. To follow the modern model-based methodology in automotive industries, a virtual engine simulation platform have been carried out to simulate a SGMW B15 engine based on enDYNA by adding the AFR path dynamic models. Experiments and simulation results have been compared for the model validation both about the engine performance at steady state and AFR path transient response. Also a soft ECU model has been designed for the control algorithm implementation. Simulation results shows that the engine model is appropriate for simulating SI engine operated at steady and transient state, and the close-loop PID controller has better performance for suppressing the overshoot of AFR signal during transient throttle position varying. The simulation model described in this work could support the AFR control algorithm development as a proper virtual engine control objects","PeriodicalId":8954,"journal":{"name":"BioTechnology: An Indian Journal","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79039690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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