Pub Date : 2014-10-30DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.4.1
Victoria Rundberg-Rivera, R. Mattison, G. Carlson, C. Michel
{"title":"Psychotropic Medication Use in Secondary School Special Education Students","authors":"Victoria Rundberg-Rivera, R. Mattison, G. Carlson, C. Michel","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.4.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.5.7
Anna M. Wehry, J. Strawn
Strawn, J.R., Welge, J.A., Wehry, A.M., Keeshin, B., & Rynn, M.A. (in press). Efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants in pediatric anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Depression & Anxiety. [Epub ahead of print.] doi: 10.1002/da.22329. Wagner, K.D., Berard, R., Stein, M.B., Wetherhold, E., Carpenter, D.J., Perera, P., et al. (2004). A multicenter, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1153-1162.
{"title":"Predicting Treatment Response in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders","authors":"Anna M. Wehry, J. Strawn","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"Strawn, J.R., Welge, J.A., Wehry, A.M., Keeshin, B., & Rynn, M.A. (in press). Efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants in pediatric anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Depression & Anxiety. [Epub ahead of print.] doi: 10.1002/da.22329. Wagner, K.D., Berard, R., Stein, M.B., Wetherhold, E., Carpenter, D.J., Perera, P., et al. (2004). A multicenter, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1153-1162.","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.5.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.5.1
Jacob Hacker, Lara S. Picard, J. Strawn
{"title":"Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents","authors":"Jacob Hacker, Lara S. Picard, J. Strawn","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.5.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.4.6
Lyndsey Keyte, Michele J. Dadson
Large clinical trials have long been considered the gold standard of behavioral treatment research. Through the use of large sample sizes and meticulous methodology, randomized trials collect enough data to allow researchers to not only determine whether variables of interest are related (e.g., Does treatment with a particular selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor result in a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety) but to describe the strength of this relationship as well (e.g., Does the combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy result in greater reduction of anxiety symptoms than either treatment alone). By design, large clinical trials attempt to minimize the effects of confounding variables (e.g., age, treatment history) through random assignment to treatment groups. Though clinical trials are performed with strict control of primary efficacy variables to produce reliable data, results frequently identify other environmental or biological factors which may affect a patient’s response to treatment. Factors that affect the relationship between treatment and outcome, known as mediators or moderators, often provide researchers with a better understanding of how, why, or under what conditions treatments are effective. The MacArthur Foundation established definitive criteria for mediators and moderators which state that a moderator must precede treatment, be independent of treatment, and display a significant interaction with treatment while a mediator must occur after treatment, be associated with treatment, and produce either a main effect or an interaction with treatment (Arnold et al., 2010). As we discuss mediators and moderators of large clinical trials, we will be using the definitions outlined by the MacArthur guidelines, which most importantly specify that mediators and moderators affect certain treatment outcomes without affecting all treatment arms. We will discuss a study of risperidone on children with autistic disorder and irritability conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network, the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) study, the Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Treatment Study (POTS I), and the Treatment of SSRI-Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study (see Table 1); these studies were able to collect enough data to examine for the presence of mediators and moderators of response in analyses so that we may identify the effects that different variables have on response and use the implications in future research and treatment (Arnold et al., 2010; Brent et al., 2008; Garcia et al., 2010; Vitiello et al., 2012). In addition to mediators and moderators, we will explore other predictors of response, such as individual chemistry (i.e., prolactin levels), demographics, adherence, comorbid disorders, family history, treatment duration, and concomitant medications, which can also have significant effects on treatment response (Arnold et al., 20
长期以来，大型临床试验一直被认为是行为治疗研究的黄金标准。通过使用大样本和细致的方法，随机试验收集了足够的数据，使研究人员不仅可以确定感兴趣的变量是否相关(例如，使用特定的选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂治疗是否导致焦虑症状的显着减少)，而且还可以描述这种关系的强度(例如，心理治疗和药物治疗相结合是否比单独治疗更能减轻焦虑症状?通过设计，大型临床试验试图通过随机分配到治疗组来尽量减少混杂变量(如年龄、治疗史)的影响。虽然临床试验是在严格控制主要疗效变量的情况下进行的，以产生可靠的数据，但结果经常发现其他环境或生物因素可能影响患者对治疗的反应。影响治疗和结果之间关系的因素，被称为介质或调节因子，通常为研究人员提供更好的理解治疗如何，为什么或在什么条件下有效。麦克阿瑟基金会为调节者和调节者建立了明确的标准，其中规定调节者必须先于治疗，独立于治疗，并与治疗表现出显著的相互作用，而调节者必须在治疗后出现，与治疗相关，并产生主要效果或与治疗相互作用(Arnold et al.， 2010)。当我们讨论大型临床试验的调节因子和调节因子时，我们将使用麦克阿瑟指南概述的定义，其中最重要的是明确了调节因子和调节因子影响某些治疗结果而不影响所有治疗组。我们将讨论由国家儿童精神药理学研究所(RUPP)自闭症网络精神卫生研究单位进行的利培酮对自闭症和易怒儿童的研究，早期躁狂症的治疗(TEAM)研究，儿童强迫症治疗研究(POTS I)，以及青少年抗ssri抑郁症的治疗(TORDIA)研究(见表1);这些研究能够收集足够的数据来检查分析中反应的中介和调节因子的存在，以便我们可以确定不同变量对反应的影响，并在未来的研究和治疗中使用这些影响(Arnold et al.， 2010;Brent et al.， 2008;Garcia et al.， 2010;Vitiello et al.， 2012)。除了介质和调节因子，我们还将探索其他反应的预测因子，如个体化学(即催乳素水平)、人口统计学、依从性、合并症、家族史、治疗持续时间和伴随药物，这些也会对治疗反应产生重大影响(Arnold et al.， 2010;Donaldson, Nakamura， & Moinpour, 2009)。
{"title":"Mediators and Moderators to Treatment Response in Large Clinical Trials","authors":"Lyndsey Keyte, Michele J. Dadson","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Large clinical trials have long been considered the gold standard of behavioral treatment research. Through the use of large sample sizes and meticulous methodology, randomized trials collect enough data to allow researchers to not only determine whether variables of interest are related (e.g., Does treatment with a particular selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor result in a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety) but to describe the strength of this relationship as well (e.g., Does the combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy result in greater reduction of anxiety symptoms than either treatment alone). By design, large clinical trials attempt to minimize the effects of confounding variables (e.g., age, treatment history) through random assignment to treatment groups. Though clinical trials are performed with strict control of primary efficacy variables to produce reliable data, results frequently identify other environmental or biological factors which may affect a patient’s response to treatment. Factors that affect the relationship between treatment and outcome, known as mediators or moderators, often provide researchers with a better understanding of how, why, or under what conditions treatments are effective. The MacArthur Foundation established definitive criteria for mediators and moderators which state that a moderator must precede treatment, be independent of treatment, and display a significant interaction with treatment while a mediator must occur after treatment, be associated with treatment, and produce either a main effect or an interaction with treatment (Arnold et al., 2010). As we discuss mediators and moderators of large clinical trials, we will be using the definitions outlined by the MacArthur guidelines, which most importantly specify that mediators and moderators affect certain treatment outcomes without affecting all treatment arms. We will discuss a study of risperidone on children with autistic disorder and irritability conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network, the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) study, the Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Treatment Study (POTS I), and the Treatment of SSRI-Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study (see Table 1); these studies were able to collect enough data to examine for the presence of mediators and moderators of response in analyses so that we may identify the effects that different variables have on response and use the implications in future research and treatment (Arnold et al., 2010; Brent et al., 2008; Garcia et al., 2010; Vitiello et al., 2012). In addition to mediators and moderators, we will explore other predictors of response, such as individual chemistry (i.e., prolactin levels), demographics, adherence, comorbid disorders, family history, treatment duration, and concomitant medications, which can also have significant effects on treatment response (Arnold et al., 20","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"19 1","pages":"6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.4.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.3.5
Suzanne N Franki, Sarah B. Johnson
{"title":"Trends and Treatment of Adolescent Street Drug Use","authors":"Suzanne N Franki, Sarah B. Johnson","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"19 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.3.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-30DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.2.9
J. Luby
{"title":"Research in Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Pushing the Pendulum Back to the Midline","authors":"J. Luby","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"19 1","pages":"9-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.2.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-15DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.1.1
Tricia L. Beattie, April Sullivan
{"title":"Psychosocial Treatment of Anxiety in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Tricia L. Beattie, April Sullivan","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-15DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.1.5
L. Propper, H. Orlik
{"title":"Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"L. Propper, H. Orlik","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2014.19.1.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67091409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.1521/capn.2014.19.2.1
Natasha Marrus, Marisa Bell, Joan L Luby
The heightened awareness of psychopathology in childhood has been paralleled by an upsurge of prescriptions for psychotropic medications in this population (Olfson, Blanco, Liu, Wang, & Correll, 2012). Although medications are evidence-based treatments which in many disorders effectively ameliorate symptoms and impairment, their mounting use in pediatrics has been controversial (Rapoport, 2013). This is based on the lack of adequately powered randomized controlled trials combined with concerns for children’s greater sensitivity to side effects of psychotropic agents and the unclear ramifi cations for the developing brain. Physicians treating pediatric populations are thus charged with the challenge of weighing potentially far-reaching risks of medications against their benefi ts in children struggling with impairments that in and of themselves stand to impede development. To exercise sound clinical judgment, physicians should be informed about the neurobiological mechanisms and effects of psychotropic medications on the brain, particularly in children and adolescents. Advances in neuroimaging methods have provided the opportunity to begin to investigate the neural correlates of psychopathology as well as the impact of treatments on brain development. To examine the question of how pediatric psycho-
{"title":"Psychotropic Medications and Their Effect on Brain Volumes in Childhood Psychopathology.","authors":"Natasha Marrus, Marisa Bell, Joan L Luby","doi":"10.1521/capn.2014.19.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/capn.2014.19.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The heightened awareness of psychopathology in childhood has been paralleled by an upsurge of prescriptions for psychotropic medications in this population (Olfson, Blanco, Liu, Wang, & Correll, 2012). Although medications are evidence-based treatments which in many disorders effectively ameliorate symptoms and impairment, their mounting use in pediatrics has been controversial (Rapoport, 2013). This is based on the lack of adequately powered randomized controlled trials combined with concerns for children’s greater sensitivity to side effects of psychotropic agents and the unclear ramifi cations for the developing brain. Physicians treating pediatric populations are thus charged with the challenge of weighing potentially far-reaching risks of medications against their benefi ts in children struggling with impairments that in and of themselves stand to impede development. To exercise sound clinical judgment, physicians should be informed about the neurobiological mechanisms and effects of psychotropic medications on the brain, particularly in children and adolescents. Advances in neuroimaging methods have provided the opportunity to begin to investigate the neural correlates of psychopathology as well as the impact of treatments on brain development. To examine the question of how pediatric psycho-","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"19 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/capn.2014.19.2.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35162831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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