Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.112.010744
P. Graham, J. Hughes
Should the law be changed to allow health professionals to assist mentally competent, terminally ill people to end their own lives? In this article Philip Graham (P.G.) puts the arguments in favour of such a change in the law and Julian Hughes (J.H.) opposes these arguments. J.H. then sets out why he believes such a law should not be passed and P.G., in turn, sets out counterarguments. Before concluding comments, both P.G. and J.H. independently make brief closing statements supporting their own positions.
是否应该修改法律，允许卫生专业人员协助有精神能力的绝症患者结束自己的生命?在这篇文章中，Philip Graham (P.G.)提出了赞成修改法律的观点，而Julian Hughes (J.H.)则反对这些观点。J.H.接着阐述了他认为不应该通过这样一项法律的原因，而p.g.则反过来提出了反对意见。在结束语之前，P.G.和J.H.各自做简短的结束语来支持自己的立场。
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Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.011296
P. Tyrer
Most disorders in medicine are classified using the ICD (initiated in Paris in 1900). Mental and behavioural disorders are classified using the DSM (DSM-I was published in the USA in 1952), but it was not until DSM-III in 1980 that it became a major player. Its success was largely influenced by Robert Spitzer, who welded its disparate elements, and Melvyn Shabsin, who facilitated its acceptance. Spitzer pointed out that most diagnostic conditions in psychiatry were poorly defined, showed poor reliability in test–retest situations, and were temporally unstable. The consequence was that the beliefs of the psychiatrist seemed to matter much more than the characteristics of the patient when it came to classification. Since DSM-III there has been a split between those who adhere to DSM because it is a better research classification and those who adhere to ICD because it allows more clinical discretion in making diagnoses. This article discusses the pros and cons of both systems, and the major criticisms that have been levelled against them.
{"title":"A comparison of DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorder","authors":"P. Tyrer","doi":"10.1192/APT.BP.113.011296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011296","url":null,"abstract":"Most disorders in medicine are classified using the ICD (initiated in Paris in 1900). Mental and behavioural disorders are classified using the DSM (DSM-I was published in the USA in 1952), but it was not until DSM-III in 1980 that it became a major player. Its success was largely influenced by Robert Spitzer, who welded its disparate elements, and Melvyn Shabsin, who facilitated its acceptance. Spitzer pointed out that most diagnostic conditions in psychiatry were poorly defined, showed poor reliability in test–retest situations, and were temporally unstable. The consequence was that the beliefs of the psychiatrist seemed to matter much more than the characteristics of the patient when it came to classification. Since DSM-III there has been a split between those who adhere to DSM because it is a better research classification and those who adhere to ICD because it allows more clinical discretion in making diagnoses. This article discusses the pros and cons of both systems, and the major criticisms that have been levelled against them.","PeriodicalId":89879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in psychiatric treatment : the Royal College of Psychiatrists' journal of continuing professional development","volume":"20 1","pages":"280-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65778684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.011320
D. Yeomans
Mental health payment by results (PbR) is a disruptive new prospective payment system intended to replace National Health Service block contracts in England and provide a mechanism for opening up the mental health economy. Patients are allocated to one of 21 treatment clusters, each with a different price or tariff. Clinicians perform cluster allocation using the Mental Health Clustering Tool. The clustering process makes demands on clinicians’ time even with support from information systems. Clustering is novel and it is unclear how it will work in practice. The process is likely to be susceptible to gaming.
{"title":"Clustering in mental health payment by results: a critical summary for the clinician","authors":"D. Yeomans","doi":"10.1192/APT.BP.113.011320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011320","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health payment by results (PbR) is a disruptive new prospective payment system intended to replace National Health Service block contracts in England and provide a mechanism for opening up the mental health economy. Patients are allocated to one of 21 treatment clusters, each with a different price or tariff. Clinicians perform cluster allocation using the Mental Health Clustering Tool. The clustering process makes demands on clinicians’ time even with support from information systems. Clustering is novel and it is unclear how it will work in practice. The process is likely to be susceptible to gaming.","PeriodicalId":89879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in psychiatric treatment : the Royal College of Psychiatrists' journal of continuing professional development","volume":"20 1","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65778736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.011858
Tom C. Russ
Patrick Hamilton’s (1904–1962) books are filled with gin and jealousy and depict obsessive desire in oppressive circumstances. His early financial success funded his heavy drinking, but also allowed him to write some of the best fiction of the 20th century. Following a depressive illness towards the end of his short life he never wrote again, leaving his final series of novels unfinished, the villain forever escaping justice. Hangover Square , set on the eve of the Second World War, tells the tense story of a man whose ambivalence for the woman he is pursuing (who has no interest in him) is manifested in two psychological states, between which he flips without warning. In one state he yearns for her, yet in the other has only one purpose – to kill her. Hamilton precisely describes a number of mental symptoms while not convincing readers of the implied diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, the similarities with a late-19th century French fuguer are clear and perhaps this condition provides a better frame for the main character’s experiences.
{"title":"Hangover Square by Patrick Hamilton","authors":"Tom C. Russ","doi":"10.1192/APT.BP.113.011858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011858","url":null,"abstract":"Patrick Hamilton’s (1904–1962) books are filled with gin and jealousy and depict obsessive desire in oppressive circumstances. His early financial success funded his heavy drinking, but also allowed him to write some of the best fiction of the 20th century. Following a depressive illness towards the end of his short life he never wrote again, leaving his final series of novels unfinished, the villain forever escaping justice. Hangover Square , set on the eve of the Second World War, tells the tense story of a man whose ambivalence for the woman he is pursuing (who has no interest in him) is manifested in two psychological states, between which he flips without warning. In one state he yearns for her, yet in the other has only one purpose – to kill her. Hamilton precisely describes a number of mental symptoms while not convincing readers of the implied diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, the similarities with a late-19th century French fuguer are clear and perhaps this condition provides a better frame for the main character’s experiences.","PeriodicalId":89879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in psychiatric treatment : the Royal College of Psychiatrists' journal of continuing professional development","volume":"20 1","pages":"247-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65779605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.011940
S. Gillard, J. Holley
Peer worker roles are being introduced in mental health services in the UK and internationally, to support individuals in their recovery. There is substantial qualitative evidence that demonstrates benefits at an individual level and some evidence of impact on service use and costs, although there are currently few high-quality randomised controlled trials supporting these findings, especially from the UK. A growing body of research indicates that careful consideration of organisational issues regarding the introduction of peer worker roles – the distinctiveness and shared expectations of the role, strategic alignment, organisational support – might maximise their impact. Properly supported and valued peer workers are an important resource to the multidisciplinary team, offering experiential knowledge and the ability to engage patients in their treatment through building relationships of trust based on shared lived experience.
{"title":"Peer workers in mental health services: literature overview","authors":"S. Gillard, J. Holley","doi":"10.1192/APT.BP.113.011940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011940","url":null,"abstract":"Peer worker roles are being introduced in mental health services in the UK and internationally, to support individuals in their recovery. There is substantial qualitative evidence that demonstrates benefits at an individual level and some evidence of impact on service use and costs, although there are currently few high-quality randomised controlled trials supporting these findings, especially from the UK. A growing body of research indicates that careful consideration of organisational issues regarding the introduction of peer worker roles – the distinctiveness and shared expectations of the role, strategic alignment, organisational support – might maximise their impact. Properly supported and valued peer workers are an important resource to the multidisciplinary team, offering experiential knowledge and the ability to engage patients in their treatment through building relationships of trust based on shared lived experience.","PeriodicalId":89879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in psychiatric treatment : the Royal College of Psychiatrists' journal of continuing professional development","volume":"20 1","pages":"286-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65779674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.012443
V. Radhakrishnan
SUMMARY Payment by results (PbR) is a payment platform for healthcare services. Introduced to acute physical healthcare services in England in 2003–2004, the system has continued to expand and is currently being implemented in acute mental health services. Owing to the variations and complexities of the patients who access specialist psychiatric services, existing clusters do not always accurately capture their needs. The development of PbR tools specific to psychiatric subspecialties is ongoing, but might not be available in the short term. The funding of acute mental health services through PbR might have funding implications for specialist services such as psychiatry of intellectual disability.
{"title":"Are specialist psychiatric services losing the PbR race?: COMMENTARY ON… CLUSTERING IN MENTAL HEALTH PAYMENT BY RESULTS","authors":"V. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1192/APT.BP.113.012443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/APT.BP.113.012443","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Payment by results (PbR) is a payment platform for healthcare services. Introduced to acute physical healthcare services in England in 2003–2004, the system has continued to expand and is currently being implemented in acute mental health services. Owing to the variations and complexities of the patients who access specialist psychiatric services, existing clusters do not always accurately capture their needs. The development of PbR tools specific to psychiatric subspecialties is ongoing, but might not be available in the short term. The funding of acute mental health services through PbR might have funding implications for specialist services such as psychiatry of intellectual disability.","PeriodicalId":89879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in psychiatric treatment : the Royal College of Psychiatrists' journal of continuing professional development","volume":"20 1","pages":"235-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/APT.BP.113.012443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65779646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.011445
Cyrus S. H. Ho, R. Ho, R. Mahendran
Singapore is a multi-ethnic Asian society with a unique sociocultural and economic background. This is an overview of the characteristics of psychiatry in this nation in terms of service provision, mental health funding, education and training, and the challenges it faces in the midst of an evolving mental health landscape. Over the past 5 years, Singapore has maintained a closer tie with the Royal College of Psychiatrists through the the College’s Membership examination.
{"title":"The evolving mental health landscape in Singapore","authors":"Cyrus S. H. Ho, R. Ho, R. Mahendran","doi":"10.1192/APT.BP.113.011445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011445","url":null,"abstract":"Singapore is a multi-ethnic Asian society with a unique sociocultural and economic background. This is an overview of the characteristics of psychiatry in this nation in terms of service provision, mental health funding, education and training, and the challenges it faces in the midst of an evolving mental health landscape. Over the past 5 years, Singapore has maintained a closer tie with the Royal College of Psychiatrists through the the College’s Membership examination.","PeriodicalId":89879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in psychiatric treatment : the Royal College of Psychiatrists' journal of continuing professional development","volume":"116 1","pages":"293-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/APT.BP.113.011445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65778411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.012054
Jessica Yakeley
Psychodynamic psychotherapy has been criticised as being based on outdated principles of psychoanalysis and lacking an adequate evidence base to convincingly demonstrate its efficacy. This article summarises the recent evidence from high-quality outcome studies to show that psychodynamic psychotherapy is as effective in the treatment of a range of mental disorders as other psychological treatment modalities such as cognitive–behavioural therapy, as well as reviewing process–outcome research aiming to elucidate mechanisms of therapeutic change. A paradigm for psychodynamic psychotherapy research based on attachment theory is introduced, which may inform the development of psychodynamic therapeutic modalities tailored for specific conditions.
{"title":"Psychodynamic psychotherapy: developing the evidence base","authors":"Jessica Yakeley","doi":"10.1192/APT.BP.113.012054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/APT.BP.113.012054","url":null,"abstract":"Psychodynamic psychotherapy has been criticised as being based on outdated principles of psychoanalysis and lacking an adequate evidence base to convincingly demonstrate its efficacy. This article summarises the recent evidence from high-quality outcome studies to show that psychodynamic psychotherapy is as effective in the treatment of a range of mental disorders as other psychological treatment modalities such as cognitive–behavioural therapy, as well as reviewing process–outcome research aiming to elucidate mechanisms of therapeutic change. A paradigm for psychodynamic psychotherapy research based on attachment theory is introduced, which may inform the development of psychodynamic therapeutic modalities tailored for specific conditions.","PeriodicalId":89879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in psychiatric treatment : the Royal College of Psychiatrists' journal of continuing professional development","volume":"20 1","pages":"269-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/APT.BP.113.012054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65779423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.012013
M. Tacchi
Medical revalidation was introduced in the UK in 2012 (‘year zero’) after years of discussion and debate. This article describes what it aims to achieve. The General Medical Council’s Good Medical Practice is used as a framework on which to build to provide evidence of competencies. Practical aspects of appraisal and revalidation are discussed, with suggestions of how to get the most out of the process both for patients and doctors.
{"title":"Beyond year zero: getting the best out of revalidation","authors":"M. Tacchi","doi":"10.1192/APT.BP.113.012013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/APT.BP.113.012013","url":null,"abstract":"Medical revalidation was introduced in the UK in 2012 (‘year zero’) after years of discussion and debate. This article describes what it aims to achieve. The General Medical Council’s Good Medical Practice is used as a framework on which to build to provide evidence of competencies. Practical aspects of appraisal and revalidation are discussed, with suggestions of how to get the most out of the process both for patients and doctors.","PeriodicalId":89879,"journal":{"name":"Advances in psychiatric treatment : the Royal College of Psychiatrists' journal of continuing professional development","volume":"20 1","pages":"237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/APT.BP.113.012013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65779391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.1192/APT.BP.113.011817
A. Ryle, S. Kellett, J. Hepple, Rachel Calvert
Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) was formalised in 1984 by Anthony Ryle. It facilitated the clinical integration of psychodynamic therapy and personal construct/cognitive psychology. It is a brief, user-friendly relational therapy, applicable to the wide range of psychological problems typically seen in public mental health settings. It has recently been included in national guidelines for the treatment of personality disorder in the National Health Service. CAT provides a coherent model of development and psychopathology, which centrally views the self as both socially formed and embedded. Owing to its core relational grounding, CAT is being increasingly applied to team contexts/systems, enabling a ‘common language’ for team formulation/practice. It is also being successfully delivered as a group therapy. This article describes the development and unique features of the CAT model, analyses the current evidence base and identifies potential future directions for the model.
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