Journal of forensic social work最新文献

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Who is Most Likely to Graduate From Teen Court? 谁最有可能从青少年法庭毕业?

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1092904

J. Gallagher, E. Wahler, Brooke Marshall, Nicole Leiter, Michael S. Deranek, Lori Harrington

This article contributes to the literature by identifying variables that predicted graduation from an Indiana teen court. Findings indicated that interventions that are commonly used in teen courts to promote positive behavioral change, such as community service and jail tours, paradoxically predicted noncompletion of teen court. Specifically, youths who completed community service or jail tours were less likely to graduate than those who were not ordered to complete these interventions. Minority youths, those in special education, and having more violations throughout the program also show less likelihood of graduation. Implications for teen court practice and future research are discussed.

本文通过识别预测印第安纳州青少年法庭毕业的变量，为文献做出了贡献。研究结果表明，在青少年法庭上常用的促进积极行为改变的干预措施，如社区服务和监狱旅行，自相矛盾地预测了青少年法庭的不完成。具体来说，完成社区服务或监狱服刑的年轻人比那些没有被命令完成这些干预的年轻人更不可能毕业。少数民族青少年，接受特殊教育的青少年，以及在整个项目中有更多违规行为的青少年，毕业的可能性也更低。对青少年法庭实践和未来研究的启示进行了讨论。

引用次数: 1

“I Didn't Know He Had It in Him to Kill Me”: Nonlethal Firearms Use and Partner Violence Against Canadian Women “我不知道他会杀了我”:非致命枪支的使用和对加拿大妇女的伴侣暴力

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1092906

L. Tutty

This qualitative research explored with women the nature and impact of non-lethal firearm related assaults inflicted on them by their male partners. Forty women from Alberta, Canada described incident(s) in which firearms were central, with 5 contextual themes emerging: (a) threats by partners to commit suicide with firearms (4 women); (b) indirect threats (6 women); (c) explicit threats to harm with a firearm without producing the weapon (11 women); (d) one traumatic incident involving firearms (12 women); and (e) firearm threats or used throughout the relationship (7 women). Practice and policy options are presented for forensic and clinical social workers, shelter workers and police officers.

这项定性研究与女性一起探讨了男性伴侣对她们进行的非致命枪支攻击的性质和影响。来自加拿大阿尔伯塔省的40名妇女描述了以枪支为中心的事件，并提出了5个背景主题:(a)伴侣威胁用枪支自杀(4名妇女);(b)间接威胁(6名妇女);(c)用火器明确威胁要造成伤害，但没有拿出武器(11名妇女);(d)一起涉及火器的创伤事件(12名妇女);(5)在整个关系中使用枪支威胁(7名女性)。为法医和临床社会工作者、收容所工作者和警察提出了实践和政策选择。

引用次数: 2

Preliminary Evaluation of Structured Professional Judgment to Assess Removal in Child Protection Practice 儿童保护实务中评估移情之结构化专业判断之初步评估

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1093572

Lillian De Bortoli, J. Ogloff, J. Coles, M. Dolan

This study is a pilot validation of a newly devised evidence-based clinical instrument that assists professional judgment for decisions relating to child removal. The Child Protection Removal Assessment (ChiPRA) instrument adopts a structured professional judgement (SPJ) approach to decision-making and was developed from a literature review of studies identifying factors associated with severe child abuse. A study comparing the predictive validity of ChiPRA and an actuarial instrument was conducted using court file data from 298 child protection cases. A logistic function from all ChiPRA items, χ2(11) = 147.546, p < 0.000, correctly classified 86.3% of cases (Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.799, p < 0.000, 95% confidence interval: 0.738–0.859). The abuse subscale of the actuarial instrument yielded a modest but significant AUC (0.595, 95% CI: 0.530–0.660). Results indicate an increased reliance upon dynamic factors by magistrates when determining child removal. SPJ instruments warrant further research including prospective studies measuring reliability and validity studies.

这项研究是一项新设计的基于证据的临床仪器的试点验证，该仪器有助于对有关儿童移除的决定进行专业判断。儿童保护移除评估(ChiPRA)工具采用结构化专业判断(SPJ)方法进行决策，并根据对确定与严重儿童虐待相关因素的研究的文献综述而开发。本研究利用298起儿童保护案件的法庭档案数据，比较了ChiPRA和精算工具的预测有效性。对所有ChiPRA项目进行logistic函数分析，χ2(11) = 147.546, p < 0.000，正确率为86.3%(曲线下面积[AUC] = 0.799, p < 0.000, 95%置信区间:0.738 ~ 0.859)。精算工具的滥用子量表产生了适度但显著的AUC (0.595, 95% CI: 0.530-0.660)。结果表明，在决定儿童移除时，治安法官对动态因素的依赖程度有所增加。SPJ仪器需要进一步的研究，包括测量信度和效度的前瞻性研究。

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引用次数: 1

Social Worker Assessments of Competency to Stand Trial 社会工作者出庭能力评估

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1109398

R. Roesch

This article focuses on an expanding role for social workers conducting assessments of competency to stand trial. This pretrial assessment is the most common form of pretrial forensic evaluations. Although a handful of states explicitly allow social workers to conduct these evaluations, it is suggested that this is a role in which social workers could have a greater role as the field of forensic social work develops. It is suggested that this role can be enhanced through the development of forensic specialty guidelines. The article reviews competency laws and assessment procedures and provides an overview of forensic assessment instruments that can be used in the evaluation of competency to stand trial. The special circumstances surrounding evaluations of competency in juvenile court are also examined.

这篇文章的重点是扩大社会工作者在审判能力评估中的作用。这种审前评估是审前法医评估最常见的形式。尽管少数州明确允许社会工作者进行这些评估，但有人建议，随着法医社会工作领域的发展，社会工作者可以在这一角色中发挥更大的作用。建议通过制定法医专业指南来加强这一作用。本文回顾了能力法律和评估程序，并概述了可用于评估受审能力的法医评估工具。此外，本文还研究了围绕少年法庭能力评估的特殊情况。

引用次数: 4

Let's Get Free: Social Work and the Movement for Black Lives 让我们获得自由:社会工作和黑人生活运动

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1109397

Phillipe Copeland

Throughout its history, social work has shaped and been shaped by social movements. What might #BlackLivesMatter mean for 21st century social work and what might social work mean for the Movement? This paper describes the Movement and applies insights from Young's 1965 essay “Civil Rights and a Militant Profession” to identify a set of questions for social workers to explore. These include questions about making alliances and contributing competencies, overcoming apathy, misconceptions and exploitation, and fulfilling the obligations of clinical practice for social justice.

纵观历史，社会工作塑造了社会运动，也被社会运动所塑造。#黑人的生命也很重要#对21世纪的社会工作意味着什么?社会工作对黑人运动意味着什么?本文描述了这一运动，并应用了杨1965年的文章《民权与激进职业》中的见解，以确定社会工作者需要探索的一系列问题。这些问题包括建立联盟和贡献能力，克服冷漠、误解和剥削，以及履行临床实践对社会正义的义务。

引用次数: 5

Lived Challenges to Ethical Social Work Practice in Criminal Justice Settings 刑事司法环境中伦理社会工作实践的生活挑战

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1093573

D. Young

Ethical social work practice within criminal justice settings is fraught with challenges. Through individual interviews in a qualitative study exploring social work practice in diverse criminal justice settings in the northwestern United States, a subsample of 9 social workers described the difficulties they experience adhering to social work's professional code of ethics. They identify 2 primary areas of divergence, conflicting responsibilities and opposing interests, and identify the ways they respond to these challenges and the rationale behind their decisions. The discussion section explores avenues for strengthening social workers’ abilities to be a vital and ethical presence in criminal justice settings.

刑事司法环境下的道德社会工作实践充满了挑战。在一项探讨美国西北部不同刑事司法环境下社会工作实践的定性研究中，通过个人访谈，9名社会工作者的子样本描述了他们在坚持社会工作职业道德规范方面遇到的困难。他们确定了两个主要的分歧领域，冲突的责任和对立的利益，并确定了他们应对这些挑战的方式和他们决定背后的理由。讨论部分探讨了加强社会工作者能力的途径，使其成为刑事司法环境中至关重要和合乎道德的存在。

引用次数: 5

Intimate Partner Violence, Gender and Lethality: A Case Analysis of Two Fatalities 亲密伴侣暴力、性别和致命性:两个死亡案例分析

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1095140

John R. Barner, Michelle Carney

Deaths caused by intimate partner violence (IPV) are an area of significant concern for advocates, practitioners, and experts. As part of collaborative community interventions to curb violence, the creation of multi-agency fatality review teams has shown effectiveness in reducing IPV and concomitant homicides. The following study is deviant case analysis of 2 female perpetrators within a multi-phasic fatality review of 22 felony cases of IPV resulting in homicide in a city in the southeastern United States. This study was designed to effectively gauge whether gender is a variable for those accused of felony murder as a result of IPV. Results indicate gender disparities for women, including inability to act as free agents within increasingly violent relationships; disparate characterization of violent women as more egregious than those of male counterparts within law enforcement and behavioral health and the pressing need for legal and therapeutic rehabilitative services provided to violent women offenders.

亲密伴侣暴力造成的死亡是倡导者、从业人员和专家非常关注的一个领域。作为遏制暴力的协作性社区干预措施的一部分，建立多机构死亡审查小组在减少IPV和伴随的杀人方面显示出有效性。下面的研究是对美国东南部一个城市22起导致杀人案的IPV重罪案件的多阶段死亡审查中2名女性肇事者的异常案例分析。这项研究的目的是有效地衡量性别是否成为那些因IPV而被指控犯有重罪的人的一个变量。结果表明，妇女存在性别差异，包括无法在日益暴力的关系中作为自由主体行动;在执法和行为健康方面，将暴力妇女定性为比男性更恶劣，并迫切需要向暴力妇女罪犯提供法律和治疗性康复服务。

引用次数: 2

Psychological Distress Among Older Prisoners: A Literature Review 老年囚犯的心理困扰:文献综述

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1075166

Susan Baidawi, Christopher J. Trotter

Older people constitute the fastest growing age group among many prisoner populations worldwide, yet little is known about the mental wellbeing of this population. This article reviews research examining the level of psychological distress experienced by older prisoners, as well as the factors associated with this phenomenon. Findings suggest that older prisoners likely experience levels of psychological distress which are similar to that of younger prisoners and greater than that of older people in the general community. Personal, demographic, prison, and social factors associated with psychological distress are also identified from the literature and implications for future research are discussed.

在世界各地的囚犯人口中，老年人是增长最快的年龄组，但人们对这一人群的心理健康状况知之甚少。这篇文章回顾了调查老年囚犯所经历的心理困扰水平的研究，以及与这种现象相关的因素。调查结果表明，老年囚犯可能经历的心理困扰程度与年轻囚犯相似，比一般社区的老年人更严重。本文还从文献中确定了与心理困扰相关的个人、人口、监狱和社会因素，并讨论了未来研究的意义。

引用次数: 14

Repeated Self- and Peer-Review Leads to Continuous Improvement in Child Interviewing Performance. 反复的自我和同伴评议导致儿童面试表现的持续改善。

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1068721

Stacia N Stolzenberg, Thomas D Lyon

The present study examined whether a training model that focuses on consistent exposure to protocol procedure, self-evaluation, and intensive peer-review sessions could improve interviewers' ability to adhere to best practices. Law students (N = 19) interviewed 5- to 10-year-old children on a weekly basis as part of a semester-long forensic child interviewing class. They transcribed their interviews, and participated in one-hour self and peer-reviews. The proportion of each question type was calculated (option-posing, Wh-, and open-invitations) within each interview for each interviewer. Across ten weeks of interviews, interviewers consistently improved their performance, decreasing the proportion of option-posing questions by 31% and increasing the proportion of open-invitations by 47%. All interviewers improved. The present study suggests that with consistent self-evaluation and peer-review, forensic interviewers can incrementally improve their performance.

本研究考察了一种培训模式是否能提高采访者坚持最佳实践的能力，这种培训模式侧重于持续接触协议程序、自我评估和密集的同行评议会议。法律系学生(N = 19)每周采访5至10岁的儿童，作为长达一学期的法医儿童访谈课程的一部分。他们把采访记录下来，参加一小时的自我评议和同行评议。计算了每个面试官在每次面试中每种问题类型的比例(选择提问，Wh-和开放邀请)。在十周的面试中，面试官的表现不断提高，选择性提问的比例减少了31%，开放式邀请的比例增加了47%。所有面试官都有所提高。本研究表明，通过持续的自我评价和同行评议，司法面试官可以逐步提高其绩效。

引用次数: 13

Adversity Across the Life Course of Incarcerated Parents: Gender Differences. 被监禁父母一生中的逆境：性别差异。

Journal of forensic social work

Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/1936928X.2015.1093992

Sharon Borja, Paula Nurius, J Mark Eddy

More than half of the 1.6 million adults in U.S. prions are parents. Despite growing knowledge regarding the life course adversities of corrections-involved populations, less is known regarding incarcerated parents per se and the implications of cumulative adversities both on their needs and those of their children. Using a gender-balanced (41% minority) sample of incarcerated parents (N=357) from a randomized controlled trial of an in-prison parent training program, this study examines differences between incarcerated mothers and fathers in their exposures to adversities across the life course. Mothers and fathers shared similar patterns of adversity exposure in their families of origin, but differed in their experiences of juvenile justice and child welfare systems involvement, as well as in their adult experiences of victimization and related adult social and mental health outcomes. Implications for gender-responsive parent support and prevention programs for their children of incarcerated mothers and fathers are discussed.

美国监狱中的 160 万成年人中有一半以上是父母。尽管越来越多的人了解到受教养人群的生活逆境，但对于被监禁的父母本身以及累积的逆境对其需求和子女需求的影响却知之甚少。本研究使用了一个性别平衡（41% 为少数民族）的被监禁父母样本（N=357），该样本来自一项狱中父母培训计划的随机对照试验，研究了被监禁母亲和父亲在整个生命过程中遭遇逆境的差异。母亲和父亲在其原生家庭中面临的逆境模式相似，但在参与少年司法和儿童福利系统的经历以及成年后的受害经历和相关的成年社会和心理健康结果方面存在差异。本文讨论了针对被监禁母亲和父亲的子女开展的促进性别平等的家长支持和预防计划的意义。

引用次数: 0

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