M. Said, Haziratul Aqilah Huzailing, Vithiya Thevvi Paneerselvam, S. Woon, Amir Redza Ahmad Fuad, Maryam Kamaruzaman, Maisarah Mustaffa
In criminal profiling in cases involving sexual offences, the charges must be drafted with a great degree of precision. Every sexual offence has its individual elements that need to be fulfilled before a charge is preferred. There are instances where the defects in charges are rendered to be fatal to the prosecution’s case and instances where Section 422 comes to aid and cures the irregularities in the charge. The objective of this research is to identify the common features that render a charge defective in cases related to sexual offences, the effect of the defects. It also aims to analyse the courts’ approach to determine whether the particular defect is fatal or curable and suggest solutions in handling defective charges to achieve the ultimate purpose of ensuring that justice is served and eliminating any prejudice towards the victim accused. Generally, charges for sexual offences are rendered defective when the charge fails to specify the kind of act which constitutes the alleged sexual act and the related provision. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, qualitative research was conducted through library research, case studies and data analysis. The possible solutions to handle a defective charge would be to determine whether a particular defect in itself would cause a miscarriage of justice by misleading an accused and stripping off the rights of the accused to defend himself. Since the purpose of a charge is mainly to notify the accused, as long as the defect in the charge did not mislead the accused in defending himself, the defects are considered mere irregularities.
{"title":"Criminal Profiling: Framing of Charges Upon Sexual Offences","authors":"M. Said, Haziratul Aqilah Huzailing, Vithiya Thevvi Paneerselvam, S. Woon, Amir Redza Ahmad Fuad, Maryam Kamaruzaman, Maisarah Mustaffa","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v14n4p103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p103","url":null,"abstract":"In criminal profiling in cases involving sexual offences, the charges must be drafted with a great degree of precision. Every sexual offence has its individual elements that need to be fulfilled before a charge is preferred. There are instances where the defects in charges are rendered to be fatal to the prosecution’s case and instances where Section 422 comes to aid and cures the irregularities in the charge. The objective of this research is to identify the common features that render a charge defective in cases related to sexual offences, the effect of the defects. It also aims to analyse the courts’ approach to determine whether the particular defect is fatal or curable and suggest solutions in handling defective charges to achieve the ultimate purpose of ensuring that justice is served and eliminating any prejudice towards the victim accused. Generally, charges for sexual offences are rendered defective when the charge fails to specify the kind of act which constitutes the alleged sexual act and the related provision. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, qualitative research was conducted through library research, case studies and data analysis. The possible solutions to handle a defective charge would be to determine whether a particular defect in itself would cause a miscarriage of justice by misleading an accused and stripping off the rights of the accused to defend himself. Since the purpose of a charge is mainly to notify the accused, as long as the defect in the charge did not mislead the accused in defending himself, the defects are considered mere irregularities.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43958540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2021.
《政治与法律杂志》2021年第14卷第3期审稿人致谢。
{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 14, No. 3","authors":"William Tai","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v14n3p154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n3p154","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2021.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47704297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inquiry into the nature of modern science and technology is an in-depth discussion of the relationship between science and technology and human lifestyles, and the alienation of science and technology is a problem area that occupies an important position in this discussion. From a philosophical point of view, the humanistic and moral consideration of the alienation of science and technology, the comprehensive study and overview of the dialectical relationship between man and science and technology, are helpful to clarify the constructive relationship between the essence of science and technology and the true subjectivity of man. The essence of science and technology lies in the essence of human beings, and the root of the alienation of science and technology lies in the alienation of human nature. Therefore, from the perspective of "being human", through the liberation of modern science and technology, we can achieve the weakening of the alienation of science and technology, in order to realize the reconstruction of human subjectivity, and provide for the weakening of the shackles brought by the development of modern science and technology and the realization of free development of human beings. The theoretical perspective of philosophy.
{"title":"\"Humanism\" and \"Humanness\": Dissolution and Reconstruction of Human Subjectivity in the Horizon of Technological Alienation","authors":"Qinglong Zhou","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v14n3p149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n3p149","url":null,"abstract":"The inquiry into the nature of modern science and technology is an in-depth discussion of the relationship between science and technology and human lifestyles, and the alienation of science and technology is a problem area that occupies an important position in this discussion. From a philosophical point of view, the humanistic and moral consideration of the alienation of science and technology, the comprehensive study and overview of the dialectical relationship between man and science and technology, are helpful to clarify the constructive relationship between the essence of science and technology and the true subjectivity of man. The essence of science and technology lies in the essence of human beings, and the root of the alienation of science and technology lies in the alienation of human nature. Therefore, from the perspective of \"being human\", through the liberation of modern science and technology, we can achieve the weakening of the alienation of science and technology, in order to realize the reconstruction of human subjectivity, and provide for the weakening of the shackles brought by the development of modern science and technology and the realization of free development of human beings. The theoretical perspective of philosophy.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46918370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Along with the separation of ownership and control in modern companies, the agency problem between shareholders and managers has become a core issue in corporate law. In recent decades, there was a trend of increasing executive compensation in many countries, which led to shareholders’ dissatisfaction and social concerns about the income gap. Since directors did not effectively solve the problem of excessive executive remuneration, many countries introduced the advisory shareholder vote on the remuneration report (‘Say on Pay’). It is a new mechanism that allows shareholders to vote on executive remuneration. After it was first introduced in the UK, many other countries including the US adopted ‘Say on Pay’ to relieve the problem of excessive executive remuneration. However, there is an ongoing debate about whether ‘Say on Pay’ has a meaningful influence on excessive executive compensation. Some believe that shareholder voting results lead directors to create better executive remuneration plans. Others argue that ‘Say on Pay’ contributes little to solving this problem. It is therefore essential to analyse the effects of ‘Say on Pay’ on solving the excessive executive remuneration problem in the UK and the US. This essay will analyse several arguments related to the influence of ‘Say on Pay’ on excessive executive compensation in order to demonstrate the reasons why ‘Say on Pay’ contributes little to solving the excessive executive remuneration problem in the UK and the US.
{"title":"The Influence of ‘Say on Pay’ on Excessive Executive Compensation in the UK and the US","authors":"Zhe Wang, Yunjie Wu","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v14n4p71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p71","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the separation of ownership and control in modern companies, the agency problem between shareholders and managers has become a core issue in corporate law. In recent decades, there was a trend of increasing executive compensation in many countries, which led to shareholders’ dissatisfaction and social concerns about the income gap. Since directors did not effectively solve the problem of excessive executive remuneration, many countries introduced the advisory shareholder vote on the remuneration report (‘Say on Pay’). It is a new mechanism that allows shareholders to vote on executive remuneration. After it was first introduced in the UK, many other countries including the US adopted ‘Say on Pay’ to relieve the problem of excessive executive remuneration. However, there is an ongoing debate about whether ‘Say on Pay’ has a meaningful influence on excessive executive compensation. Some believe that shareholder voting results lead directors to create better executive remuneration plans. Others argue that ‘Say on Pay’ contributes little to solving this problem. It is therefore essential to analyse the effects of ‘Say on Pay’ on solving the excessive executive remuneration problem in the UK and the US. This essay will analyse several arguments related to the influence of ‘Say on Pay’ on excessive executive compensation in order to demonstrate the reasons why ‘Say on Pay’ contributes little to solving the excessive executive remuneration problem in the UK and the US.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44520045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the issues of sex discrimination, working conditions, and equal pay raised in the legal dispute between the United States Soccer Federation and the Women's National Soccer Team. The authors study the application of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Pay Act of 1963, and the implications of applying Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to the U.S. Soccer Federation. The authors conclude by offering some observations and suggestions on the practical course of action that the US Women’s Soccer Team may consider in attempting to solve its dispute with the Federation.
{"title":"Sex Discrimination, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Pay, and Title IX as Applied to the Women’s National Soccer Team","authors":"R. Hunter, Héctor R. Lozada, Gary H. Kritz","doi":"10.5539/JPL.V14N4P55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPL.V14N4P55","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the issues of sex discrimination, working conditions, and equal pay raised in the legal dispute between the United States Soccer Federation and the Women's National Soccer Team. The authors study the application of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Pay Act of 1963, and the implications of applying Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to the U.S. Soccer Federation. The authors conclude by offering some observations and suggestions on the practical course of action that the US Women’s Soccer Team may consider in attempting to solve its dispute with the Federation.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45800879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the results of the election of candidates for President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019, an objection was submitted to the Constitutional Court over the results of the vote count by Candidate Pair 02 Prabowo-Sandi. Apart from questioning the correction of miscalculations, objections were also filed against various frauds that caused the candidate's defeat based on structured, systematic, and massive violations. In this article, the problems include: (1) How is the legal aspect of a structured offense, systematic and massive in disputes over election results? (2) What are the law enforcement regulations for election violations and disputes? (3) What is the interpretation of disqualification in the Constitutional Court Decision after the enactment of the Election Law and the Law on General Election of Regional Heads simultaneously? Data analysis used descriptive qualitative, by classifying, comparing, and linking legal materials with the subject matter. The conclusion is various reforms in law enforcement regulations for simultaneous election violations and disputes include the resolution of violations, criminal acts, and election disputes, including the resolution of structured, systematic, and massive violations, accompanied by strengthening of institutions and setting limits on the authority for settlement. In the 2019 Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election, the authority to enforce the law for measurable violations regarding the nomination requirements are submitted to the Election Supervisory Agency and disputed through the State Administrative Court. As for Structured, Systematic, and Massive violations, the reporting process is processed and decided by Bawaslu (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Pemilu).
{"title":"The Interpretation of Structured, Systematic, and Massive Violations in the 2019 Presidential Election Dispute at the Indonesian Constitutional Court","authors":"Heru Widodo","doi":"10.5539/JPL.V14N4P47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPL.V14N4P47","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the results of the election of candidates for President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019, an objection was submitted to the Constitutional Court over the results of the vote count by Candidate Pair 02 Prabowo-Sandi. Apart from questioning the correction of miscalculations, objections were also filed against various frauds that caused the candidate's defeat based on structured, systematic, and massive violations. In this article, the problems include: (1) How is the legal aspect of a structured offense, systematic and massive in disputes over election results? (2) What are the law enforcement regulations for election violations and disputes? (3) What is the interpretation of disqualification in the Constitutional Court Decision after the enactment of the Election Law and the Law on General Election of Regional Heads simultaneously? Data analysis used descriptive qualitative, by classifying, comparing, and linking legal materials with the subject matter. The conclusion is various reforms in law enforcement regulations for simultaneous election violations and disputes include the resolution of violations, criminal acts, and election disputes, including the resolution of structured, systematic, and massive violations, accompanied by strengthening of institutions and setting limits on the authority for settlement. In the 2019 Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election, the authority to enforce the law for measurable violations regarding the nomination requirements are submitted to the Election Supervisory Agency and disputed through the State Administrative Court. As for Structured, Systematic, and Massive violations, the reporting process is processed and decided by Bawaslu (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Pemilu).","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44088701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The climate change issue is a key principle for Mr Joe Biden’s administration. In this paper, author conducts a Qualitative Content-Analysis (QCA) method of the elements affecting Joe Biden’s administration about the new U.S climate change agenda (U.S. CCA). Thus, the question in this research is that why climate change is one of the important issues in the Biden administration? Based on this method and data analysis the publications were identified and divided to answer the basic question of this article. I differentiated between national and international levels. Hence, paper proposes two reasons, the Economic-based approach and the Individual approach at the national level, to abovementioned research question. In addition, two specific approaches are identified at the International level: global leadership on climate change, global cooperation on the climate change. The policy implications would seem to be that national elements by Economic-based approach and the Individual approach are critical in influencing Biden's new climate agenda.
{"title":"US President Joe Biden’s Administration: A New U.S. Climate Change Agenda (U.S. CCA)","authors":"Majid Asadnabizadeh","doi":"10.5539/JPL.V14N3P124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPL.V14N3P124","url":null,"abstract":"The climate change issue is a key principle for Mr Joe Biden’s administration. In this paper, author conducts a Qualitative Content-Analysis (QCA) method of the elements affecting Joe Biden’s administration about the new U.S climate change agenda (U.S. CCA). Thus, the question in this research is that why climate change is one of the important issues in the Biden administration? Based on this method and data analysis the publications were identified and divided to answer the basic question of this article. I differentiated between national and international levels. \u0000 \u0000Hence, paper proposes two reasons, the Economic-based approach and the Individual approach at the national level, to abovementioned research question. In addition, two specific approaches are identified at the International level: global leadership on climate change, global cooperation on the climate change. The policy implications would seem to be that national elements by Economic-based approach and the Individual approach are critical in influencing Biden's new climate agenda.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45713564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The defect resulting from the lack of jurisdiction is regarded as a means to cancel an administrative decision for such the jurisdiction represents the cornerstone among the administrative law systems. Therefore, each authority is named to authority to exercise its jurisdiction according to the bylaws and regulations stipulated by the state. Despite the fact that there have been other defects to influence the legitimacy of the administrative decision, the lack of jurisdiction defect has still been the sole significant shortcoming affecting the public order.
{"title":"The Inspection on the Lack of Jurisdiction Defect in the Jordanian Administrative Judiciary","authors":"Taha Atiyyat","doi":"10.5539/JPL.V14N4P38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPL.V14N4P38","url":null,"abstract":"The defect resulting from the lack of jurisdiction is regarded as a means to cancel an administrative decision for such the jurisdiction represents the cornerstone among the administrative law systems. Therefore, each authority is named to authority to exercise its jurisdiction according to the bylaws and regulations stipulated by the state. Despite the fact that there have been other defects to influence the legitimacy of the administrative decision, the lack of jurisdiction defect has still been the sole significant shortcoming affecting the public order.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46298421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty is a social issue that impacts much of the world, including the United States. Oftentimes, proponents of the minimum wage argue that a higher minimum wage would help alleviate poverty in the country. Whether or not there will be impacts, or how significant the impact will be, is a subject of debate. The paper first analyzes arguments in support of using the minimum wage to reduce poverty in the US. Then, arguments against the current minimum wage are presented. Discussion regarding alternatives or alterations to the current minimum wage is raised at the end of the paper that would provide a more sustainable and legally sound public policy choice. This includes an analysis of the current minimum wage policies in the city of Philadelphia as example.
{"title":"The Minimum Wage as Method of Alleviating Poverty: Current Practices versus Alternative Policy and Legal Resolutions","authors":"Yuyang Li, Jie Zhang, Xinxin Deng","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v14n4p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p14","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty is a social issue that impacts much of the world, including the United States. Oftentimes, proponents of the minimum wage argue that a higher minimum wage would help alleviate poverty in the country. Whether or not there will be impacts, or how significant the impact will be, is a subject of debate. The paper first analyzes arguments in support of using the minimum wage to reduce poverty in the US. Then, arguments against the current minimum wage are presented. Discussion regarding alternatives or alterations to the current minimum wage is raised at the end of the paper that would provide a more sustainable and legally sound public policy choice. This includes an analysis of the current minimum wage policies in the city of Philadelphia as example.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41856256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines factors of land grabbing in Liberia, especially from tribal communities, due originally to different social expectations regarding land and contracts between indigenous people and settlers from America. In addition, land appropriation throughout the history of the Liberian nation is due largely to the Americo-Liberian oligarchy and public corruption. The study analyzes survey, empirical, and concession contracts data gathered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Sustainable Development Institute, Government of Liberia, Center for Transparency and Accountability in Liberia, and United Nations Mission in Liberia. It then correlates associations between a number of concession companies, their land acreage under operation, county acreage, and incidence of land grabbing to demonstrate an increase in disputes during the early 2000s due to practices of corrupt public officials. This has resulted from the consistent implementation of inequitable land laws, which have perpetuated land transfer from tribal communities to mostly Americo-Liberian descendants and foreign concessionaires. This land appropriation has fostered public corruption, increased land related disputes, and raised the level of conflict in Liberian society.
{"title":"Land in Liberia: The Initial Source of Antagonism Between Freed American Blacks and Indigenous Tribal People Remains the Cause of Intense Disputes","authors":"Stephen H. Gobewole","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v14n4p19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p19","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines factors of land grabbing in Liberia, especially from tribal communities, due originally to different social expectations regarding land and contracts between indigenous people and settlers from America. In addition, land appropriation throughout the history of the Liberian nation is due largely to the Americo-Liberian oligarchy and public corruption. The study analyzes survey, empirical, and concession contracts data gathered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Sustainable Development Institute, Government of Liberia, Center for Transparency and Accountability in Liberia, and United Nations Mission in Liberia. It then correlates associations between a number of concession companies, their land acreage under operation, county acreage, and incidence of land grabbing to demonstrate an increase in disputes during the early 2000s due to practices of corrupt public officials. This has resulted from the consistent implementation of inequitable land laws, which have perpetuated land transfer from tribal communities to mostly Americo-Liberian descendants and foreign concessionaires. This land appropriation has fostered public corruption, increased land related disputes, and raised the level of conflict in Liberian society.","PeriodicalId":90619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of politics and law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49371378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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