Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.1515/MICRNAT-2017-0001
A. Qattan
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known to influence the expression of the genes that regulate critical cellular functions. Various reports have suggested that they play critical roles in breast cancer metabolism through the regulation of various metabolic pathways, including the metabolism of glucose, lipids, glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). miRNAs regulate the metabolic process by targeting key molecules (enzymes, kinases transporters) or by modifying the expression of key transcription molecules. In addition, miRNAs can indirectly regulate mRNA translation by targeting chromatin-remodeling enzymes. Furthermore, miRNAs influence the expression of both oncogenes and tumor suppressors and have a major impact on PI3K/AKT, HIF, and MYC signal transduction, which contributes to the metabolic phenotype in human cancer. Although human epidermal growth factor and endocrine therapies have been effective in treating breast cancer, for locally advanced and distant metastases mortality remains high. Drug resistance and recurrence remain major hurdles for advanced breast cancer therapy. Given the critical influence of metabolic reprogramming in the progression of neoplasm, tumorigenesis and metastasis, research should focus on novel targets of metabolic enzymes to reverse drug resistance and improve overall survival rates. Blocking the miRNAs that contribute to metabolic reprogramming or the use of exogenous miRNAs as antisense oligonucleotides, may be an effective way to treat aggressive, chemo-resistant cancers. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanism of Research Article
{"title":"Metabolic Reprogramming of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The Role of miRNAs","authors":"A. Qattan","doi":"10.1515/MICRNAT-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/MICRNAT-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known to influence the expression of the genes that regulate critical cellular functions. Various reports have suggested that they play critical roles in breast cancer metabolism through the regulation of various metabolic pathways, including the metabolism of glucose, lipids, glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). miRNAs regulate the metabolic process by targeting key molecules (enzymes, kinases transporters) or by modifying the expression of key transcription molecules. In addition, miRNAs can indirectly regulate mRNA translation by targeting chromatin-remodeling enzymes. Furthermore, miRNAs influence the expression of both oncogenes and tumor suppressors and have a major impact on PI3K/AKT, HIF, and MYC signal transduction, which contributes to the metabolic phenotype in human cancer. Although human epidermal growth factor and endocrine therapies have been effective in treating breast cancer, for locally advanced and distant metastases mortality remains high. Drug resistance and recurrence remain major hurdles for advanced breast cancer therapy. Given the critical influence of metabolic reprogramming in the progression of neoplasm, tumorigenesis and metastasis, research should focus on novel targets of metabolic enzymes to reverse drug resistance and improve overall survival rates. Blocking the miRNAs that contribute to metabolic reprogramming or the use of exogenous miRNAs as antisense oligonucleotides, may be an effective way to treat aggressive, chemo-resistant cancers. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanism of Research Article","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/MICRNAT-2017-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42430720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-21DOI: 10.1515/MICRNAT-2016-0001
M. Murtadha, M. Fabbri
{"title":"Exosomic microRNAs as emerging key regulators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and beyond","authors":"M. Murtadha, M. Fabbri","doi":"10.1515/MICRNAT-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/MICRNAT-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67036222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-29DOI: 10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0006
Jianfei Zhao, Yan Cai, Xi Liu
{"title":"microRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in lung cancer","authors":"Jianfei Zhao, Yan Cai, Xi Liu","doi":"10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69232749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-24DOI: 10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0005
S. Coffey, Gregory T. Jones
{"title":"MicroRNAs are central to osteogenesis: a review with a focus on cardiovascular calcification","authors":"S. Coffey, Gregory T. Jones","doi":"10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69233134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-17DOI: 10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0004
A. Decastro, J. Direnzo
{"title":"miRNA function and modulation in stem cells and cancer stem cells","authors":"A. Decastro, J. Direnzo","doi":"10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69232952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-12DOI: 10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0003
Sayantan Nath, S. Rizvi, Munish Kumar
The heart is one of the most important vital organs, and any malfunctioning of the heart and its blood vessels may contribute to cardiovascular disorders. Diseases of the cardiovascular system represent the most common cause of human morbidity and mortality around the globe. Thus, there is always a need for innovative new therapies and diagnostics for cardiovascular disorders. In the past decades, a plethora of tiny, endogenous, single- stranded RNA sequences called microRNAs (miRNAs) has been studied meticulously in cardiovascular development and pathophysiology, providing a new dimension to the heart's biology. miRNAs posttranscriptional inhibit the gene expression of specific mRNA targets through Watson- Crick base pairing between the miRNA "seed region" and the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target mRNAs. Better recognized as "master switches", miRNAs are emerging as vital regulators of mammalian cardiovascular development and disease and thus are helpful in understanding therapeutic targets and diagnostics for a variety of cardiovascular disorders. In this review, a detailed discussion of the roles of various microRNAs in cardiovascular development and pathophysiology with potential therapeutics is considered.
{"title":"From life to death: microRNAs in the fine tuning of the heart","authors":"Sayantan Nath, S. Rizvi, Munish Kumar","doi":"10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0003","url":null,"abstract":"The heart is one of the most important vital organs, and any malfunctioning of the heart and its blood vessels may contribute to cardiovascular disorders. Diseases of the cardiovascular system represent the most common cause of human morbidity and mortality around the globe. Thus, there is always a need for innovative new therapies and diagnostics for cardiovascular disorders. In the past decades, a plethora of tiny, endogenous, single- stranded RNA sequences called microRNAs (miRNAs) has been studied meticulously in cardiovascular development and pathophysiology, providing a new dimension to the heart's biology. miRNAs posttranscriptional inhibit the gene expression of specific mRNA targets through Watson- Crick base pairing between the miRNA \"seed region\" and the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target mRNAs. Better recognized as \"master switches\", miRNAs are emerging as vital regulators of mammalian cardiovascular development and disease and thus are helpful in understanding therapeutic targets and diagnostics for a variety of cardiovascular disorders. In this review, a detailed discussion of the roles of various microRNAs in cardiovascular development and pathophysiology with potential therapeutics is considered.","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69232901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-12DOI: 10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0002
V. Cameron, A. Pilbrow
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (19-25 nucleotides long) that regulate expression of multiple target genes, predominantly by binding to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, resulting either in translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRNAs are found in many bodily fluids, including plasma and serum, and are protected from degradation in the circulation through association with lipids, proteins, or microparticles, making them attractive disease biomarker candidates. Circulating levels of cardiac miRNAs (including miR-1, miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR-499) have been frequently reported as elevated in both coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) and have been proposed as candidate biomarkers that reflect the severity of myocardial injury. Subsequent large, array-based screening studies comparing patients and controls have identified altered expression of additional miRNAs, not just those of cardiac origin. However, among these studies there has been little consensus as to which miRNAs are top candidates for diagnosis or prognosis in either CHD or HF. The measurement of circulating miRNAs is further complicated by the timing of collection, especially after acute cardiac events while miRNA levels in blood may be rapidly changing; confounding influences from medications or contaminating blood cells at the time of sampling; and the need for standardization of normalization strategies. This review evaluates recent developments in the identification of circulating miRNAs as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in CHD and HF, and the methodological issues in measurement of circulating miRNAs. Research Article
{"title":"Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure","authors":"V. Cameron, A. Pilbrow","doi":"10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (19-25 nucleotides long) that regulate expression of multiple target genes, predominantly by binding to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, resulting either in translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRNAs are found in many bodily fluids, including plasma and serum, and are protected from degradation in the circulation through association with lipids, proteins, or microparticles, making them attractive disease biomarker candidates. Circulating levels of cardiac miRNAs (including miR-1, miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR-499) have been frequently reported as elevated in both coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) and have been proposed as candidate biomarkers that reflect the severity of myocardial injury. Subsequent large, array-based screening studies comparing patients and controls have identified altered expression of additional miRNAs, not just those of cardiac origin. However, among these studies there has been little consensus as to which miRNAs are top candidates for diagnosis or prognosis in either CHD or HF. The measurement of circulating miRNAs is further complicated by the timing of collection, especially after acute cardiac events while miRNA levels in blood may be rapidly changing; confounding influences from medications or contaminating blood cells at the time of sampling; and the need for standardization of normalization strategies. This review evaluates recent developments in the identification of circulating miRNAs as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in CHD and HF, and the methodological issues in measurement of circulating miRNAs. Research Article","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69232886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2478/MICRNAT-2013-0003
Linda S. Lee, A. E. Szafranska-Schwarzbach, B. Andruss, D. Conwell
Received 03 June 2013 Accepted 14 July 2013 Abstract This article reviews the current strategies and challenges of diagnosing pancreatic cystic lesions, and presents an overview of molecular tools that are available to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Specifically, we highlight the emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic markers. miRNA signatures have been reported for both solid tissue and biofluid specimens, including cyst fluid, collected from patients with solid and cystic pancreatic lesions. These miRNA signatures offer the opportunity to improve molecular characterization of pancreatic lesions, to help guide clinical management through early diagnosis and informed prognosis, and to provide novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
{"title":"Can miRNA Biomarkers Be Utilized to Improve the Evaluation and Management of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions","authors":"Linda S. Lee, A. E. Szafranska-Schwarzbach, B. Andruss, D. Conwell","doi":"10.2478/MICRNAT-2013-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/MICRNAT-2013-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Received 03 June 2013 Accepted 14 July 2013 Abstract This article reviews the current strategies and challenges of diagnosing pancreatic cystic lesions, and presents an overview of molecular tools that are available to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Specifically, we highlight the emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic markers. miRNA signatures have been reported for both solid tissue and biofluid specimens, including cyst fluid, collected from patients with solid and cystic pancreatic lesions. These miRNA signatures offer the opportunity to improve molecular characterization of pancreatic lesions, to help guide clinical management through early diagnosis and informed prognosis, and to provide novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/MICRNAT-2013-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69232788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0001
K. Cottrill, S. Y. Chan
{"title":"Diet-Derived MicroRNAs: Separating the Dream from Reality","authors":"K. Cottrill, S. Y. Chan","doi":"10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/MICRNAT-2014-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69232845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.2478/MICRNAT-2013-0002
Xinna Zhang, Xiongbin Lu, G. Lopez-Berestein, A. Sood, G. Calin
Received 05 March 2013 Accepted 31 May 2013 Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various aspects of gene expression in physiology and development. Links between miRNAs and the initiation and progression of human diseases are becoming increasingly apparent. The development of methods to detect the subcellular and tissue localization of miRNAs is essential for understanding their biological role in homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how in situ hybridization can complement tissuelevel miRNA expression profiling and its role as an investigational tool to better understand the etiology of human diseases. Furthermore, in situ hybridization of miRNAs represents a potent diagnostic assay that could be further refined and utilized for clinical applications.
{"title":"In situ hybridization-based detection of microRNAs in human diseases","authors":"Xinna Zhang, Xiongbin Lu, G. Lopez-Berestein, A. Sood, G. Calin","doi":"10.2478/MICRNAT-2013-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/MICRNAT-2013-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Received 05 March 2013 Accepted 31 May 2013 Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various aspects of gene expression in physiology and development. Links between miRNAs and the initiation and progression of human diseases are becoming increasingly apparent. The development of methods to detect the subcellular and tissue localization of miRNAs is essential for understanding their biological role in homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how in situ hybridization can complement tissuelevel miRNA expression profiling and its role as an investigational tool to better understand the etiology of human diseases. Furthermore, in situ hybridization of miRNAs represents a potent diagnostic assay that could be further refined and utilized for clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":90652,"journal":{"name":"microRNA diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/MICRNAT-2013-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69232773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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