{"title":"Modified Approach to Transform Arc From Text to Linear Form Text : A Preprocessing Stage for OCR","authors":"S. VijayashreeC, C. Shruthi","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82091901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose a model for automatic classification of Animals using different classifiers Nearest Neighbour, Probabilistic Neural Network and Symbolic. Animal images are segmented using maximal region merging segmentation. The Gabor features are extracted from segmented animal images. Discriminative texture features are then selected using the different feature selection algorithm like Sequential Forward Selection, Sequential Floating Forward Selection, Sequential Backward Selection and Sequential Floating Backward Selection. To corroborate the efficacy of the proposed method, an experiment was conducted on our own data set of 25 classes of animals, containing 2500 samples. The data set has different animal species with similar appearance (small inter-class variations) across different classes and varying appearance (large intra-class variations) within a class. In addition, the images of flowers are of different poses, with cluttered background under different lighting and climatic conditions. Experiment results reveal that Symbolic classifier outperforms Nearest Neighbour and Probabilistic Neural Network classifiers.
{"title":"Feature Selection Approach in Animal Classification","authors":"H. SharathKumarY, D. DivyaC","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5406","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a model for automatic classification of Animals using different classifiers Nearest Neighbour, Probabilistic Neural Network and Symbolic. Animal images are segmented using maximal region merging segmentation. The Gabor features are extracted from segmented animal images. Discriminative texture features are then selected using the different feature selection algorithm like Sequential Forward Selection, Sequential Floating Forward Selection, Sequential Backward Selection and Sequential Floating Backward Selection. To corroborate the efficacy of the proposed method, an experiment was conducted on our own data set of 25 classes of animals, containing 2500 samples. The data set has different animal species with similar appearance (small inter-class variations) across different classes and varying appearance (large intra-class variations) within a class. In addition, the images of flowers are of different poses, with cluttered background under different lighting and climatic conditions. Experiment results reveal that Symbolic classifier outperforms Nearest Neighbour and Probabilistic Neural Network classifiers.","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80530804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gait is one of the biometric techniques used to identify an individual from a distance by his/her walking style. Gait can be recognized by studying the static and dynamic part variations of individual body contour during walk. In this paper, an interval value based representation and recognition of gait using local binary pattern (LBP) of split gait energy images is proposed. The gait energy image (GEI) of a subject is split into four equal regions. LBP technique is applied to each region to extract features and the extracted features are well organized. The proposed representation technique is capable of capturing variations in gait due to change in cloth, carrying a bag and different instances of normal walking conditions more effectively. Experiments are conducted on the standard and considerably large database (CASIA database B) and newly created University of Mysore (UOM) gait dataset to study the efficacy of the proposed gait recognition system. The proposed system being robust to handle variations has shown significant improvement in recognition rate.
步态是一种生物识别技术，用于从远处通过他/她的行走方式识别个人。步态识别可以通过研究个体在行走过程中身体轮廓的静态和动态变化来实现。本文提出了一种基于区间值的步态表示和识别方法，该方法采用局部二值模式(LBP)对步态能量图像进行分割。将受试者的步态能量图像(GEI)分割为四个相等的区域。将LBP技术应用于每个区域提取特征，提取的特征组织良好。所提出的表示技术能够更有效地捕获由于衣服的变化、携带包和正常行走条件的不同实例而引起的步态变化。在标准且相当大的数据库(CASIA数据库B)和新创建的迈索尔大学(University of Mysore, UOM)步态数据集上进行了实验，以研究所提出的步态识别系统的有效性。该系统对变化具有鲁棒性，识别率有显著提高。
{"title":"Symbolic representation and recognition of gait : an approach based on LBP of split gait energy images","authors":"H. Kumar, H. S. Nagendraswamy","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5402","url":null,"abstract":"Gait is one of the biometric techniques used to identify an individual from a distance by his/her walking \u0000style. Gait can be recognized by studying the static and dynamic part variations of individual body contour \u0000during walk. In this paper, an interval value based representation and recognition of gait using local \u0000binary pattern (LBP) of split gait energy images is proposed. The gait energy image (GEI) of a subject is \u0000split into four equal regions. LBP technique is applied to each region to extract features and the extracted \u0000features are well organized. The proposed representation technique is capable of capturing variations in \u0000gait due to change in cloth, carrying a bag and different instances of normal walking conditions more \u0000effectively. Experiments are conducted on the standard and considerably large database (CASIA database \u0000B) and newly created University of Mysore (UOM) gait dataset to study the efficacy of the proposed gait \u0000recognition system. The proposed system being robust to handle variations has shown significant \u0000improvement in recognition rate.","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76860545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Zaki Abderrezak, Mouatez billah Chibane, K. Mansour
The magnetic resonance imaging is a method which has undeniable qualities of contrast and tissue characterization, presenting an interest in the follow-up of various pathologies such as the multiple sclerosis. In this work, a new method of hybrid segmentation is presented and applied to Brain MRIs. The extraction of the image of the brain is pretreated with the Non Local Means filter. A theoretical approach is proposed; finally the last section is organized around an experimental part allowing the study of the behavior of our model on textured images. In the aim to validate our model, different segmentations were down on pathological Brain MRI, the obtained results have been compared to the results obtained by another models. This results show the effectiveness and the robustness of the suggested approach.
{"title":"A New Hybrid Method for the Segmentation of the Brain MRIS","authors":"Mohamed Zaki Abderrezak, Mouatez billah Chibane, K. Mansour","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5408","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetic resonance imaging is a method which has undeniable qualities of contrast and tissue characterization, presenting an interest in the follow-up of various pathologies such as the multiple sclerosis. In this work, a new method of hybrid segmentation is presented and applied to Brain MRIs. The extraction of the image of the brain is pretreated with the Non Local Means filter. A theoretical approach is proposed; finally the last section is organized around an experimental part allowing the study of the behavior of our model on textured images. In the aim to validate our model, different segmentations were down on pathological Brain MRI, the obtained results have been compared to the results obtained by another models. This results show the effectiveness and the robustness of the suggested approach.","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73327518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photocopy documents are very common in our normal life. People are permitted to carry and produce photocopied documents frequently, to avoid damages or losing the original documents. But this provision is misused for temporary benefits by fabricating fake photocopied documents. When a photocopied document is produced, it may be required to check for its originality. An attempt is made in this direction to detect such fabricated photocopied documents. This paper proposes an unsupervised system to detect fabrication in photocopied document using texture features. The work in this paper mainly focuses on detection of fabrication in photocopied documents in which some contents are manipulated by new contents above it through different ways. A detailed experimental study has been performed using a collected sample set of considerable size and a decision model is developed for classification. Testing is performed with a different set of collected testing samples resulted in an average detection rate of 89%.
{"title":"Detection of Fabrication in Photocopy Document Using Texture Features Through K-Means Clustering","authors":"Suman V. Patgar, Sharath Kumar, A. Vasudev","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5403","url":null,"abstract":"Photocopy documents are very common in our normal life. People are permitted to carry and produce photocopied documents frequently, to avoid damages or losing the original documents. But this provision is misused for temporary benefits by fabricating fake photocopied documents. When a photocopied document is produced, it may be required to check for its originality. An attempt is made in this direction to detect such fabricated photocopied documents. This paper proposes an unsupervised system to detect fabrication in photocopied document using texture features. The work in this paper mainly focuses on detection of fabrication in photocopied documents in which some contents are manipulated by new contents above it through different ways. A detailed experimental study has been performed using a collected sample set of considerable size and a decision model is developed for classification. Testing is performed with a different set of collected testing samples resulted in an average detection rate of 89%.","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87112614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photocopy documents are very common in our normal life. People are permitted to carry and present photocopied documents to avoid damages to the original documents. But this provision is misused for temporary benefits by fabricating fake photocopied documents. Fabrication of fake photocopied document is possible only in 2 nd and higher order recursive order of photocopies. Whenever a photocopied document is submitted, it may be required to check its originality. When the document is 1 st order photocopy, chances of fabrication may be ignored. On the other hand when the photocopy order is 2 nd or above, probability of fabrication may be suspected. Hence when a photocopy document is presented, the recursive order number of photocopy is to be estimated to ascertain the originality. This requirement demands to investigate methods to estimate order number of photocopy. In this work, a voting based approach is used to detect the recursive order number of the photocopy document using probability distributions exponential, extreme values and lognormal distributions is proposed. A detailed experimentation is performed on a generated data set and the method exhibits efficiency close to 89%.
{"title":"A Voting Based Approach to Detect Recursive Order Number of Photocopy Documents Using Probability Distributions","authors":"Suman V. Patgar, K. Rani, T. Vasudev","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5404","url":null,"abstract":"Photocopy documents are very common in our normal life. People are permitted to carry and present photocopied documents to avoid damages to the original documents. But this provision is misused for temporary benefits by fabricating fake photocopied documents. Fabrication of fake photocopied document is possible only in 2 nd and higher order recursive order of photocopies. Whenever a photocopied document is submitted, it may be required to check its originality. When the document is 1 st order photocopy, chances of fabrication may be ignored. On the other hand when the photocopy order is 2 nd or above, probability of fabrication may be suspected. Hence when a photocopy document is presented, the recursive order number of photocopy is to be estimated to ascertain the originality. This requirement demands to investigate methods to estimate order number of photocopy. In this work, a voting based approach is used to detect the recursive order number of the photocopy document using probability distributions exponential, extreme values and lognormal distributions is proposed. A detailed experimentation is performed on a generated data set and the method exhibits efficiency close to 89%.","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81501526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, transmit beamforming and antenna selection techniques are presented for the Cooperative Distributed Antenna System. The beamforming technique with minimum total weighted transmit power satisfying threshold SINR and Per-Antenna Power constraints using convex optimization is presented for the efficient performance of Distributed Antenna System (DAS). Antenna Selection technique is used to select the optimum antennas from all the available ones. This achieves the best compromise between capacity and system complexity. Simulation results prove that integrating Beamforming with DAS enhances the performance of DAS. Also antenna selection reduces the cost of RF front end
{"title":"Beamforming with Per-Antenna Power Constraint and Transmit Antenna Selection Using Convex Optimization Technique","authors":"Suban, A. Jenifer","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5306","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, transmit beamforming and antenna selection techniques are presented for the Cooperative Distributed Antenna System. The beamforming technique with minimum total weighted transmit power satisfying threshold SINR and Per-Antenna Power constraints using convex optimization is presented for the efficient performance of Distributed Antenna System (DAS). Antenna Selection technique is used to select the optimum antennas from all the available ones. This achieves the best compromise between capacity and system complexity. Simulation results prove that integrating Beamforming with DAS enhances the performance of DAS. Also antenna selection reduces the cost of RF front end","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78266886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical imaging plays a vital role to create images of human body for clinical purposes. Biomedical imaging has taken a leap by entering into the field of image registration. Image registration integrates the large amount of medical information embedded in the images taken at different time intervals and images at different orientations. In this paper, an intensity-based real-coded genetic algorithm is used for registering two MRI images. To demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm developed, the alignment of the image is altered and algorithm is tested for better performance. Also the work involves the comparison of two similarity metrics, and based on the outcome the best metric suited for genetic algorithm is studied.
{"title":"An Intensity-Based Medical Image Registration Using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"S. Shanmugapriya, S. Poonguzhali, U. Maheshwari","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5305","url":null,"abstract":"Medical imaging plays a vital role to create images of human body for clinical purposes. Biomedical imaging has taken a leap by entering into the field of image registration. Image registration integrates the large amount of medical information embedded in the images taken at different time intervals and images at different orientations. In this paper, an intensity-based real-coded genetic algorithm is used for registering two MRI images. To demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm developed, the alignment of the image is altered and algorithm is tested for better performance. Also the work involves the comparison of two similarity metrics, and based on the outcome the best metric suited for genetic algorithm is studied.","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75247492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Sathisha, N. MadhusudanG, K. Sureshbabu, B. RajaK, R. VenugopalK.
Steganography is a technique of concealing the secret information in a digital carrier media, so that only the authorized recipient can detect the presence of secret information. In this paper, we propose a spatial domain steganography method for embedding secret information on conditional basis using 1-Bit of Most Significant Bit (MSB). The cover image is decomposed into blocks of 8*8 matrix size. The first block of cover image is embedded with 8 bits of upper bound and lower bound values required for retrieving payload at the destination. The mean of median values and difference between consecutive pixels of each 8*8 block of cover image is determined to embed payload in 3 bits of Least Significant Bit (LSB) and 1 bit of MSB based on prefixed conditions. It is observed that the capacity and security is improved compared to the existing methods with reasonable PSNR.
{"title":"Conditional Entrench Spatial Domain Steganography","authors":"N. Sathisha, N. MadhusudanG, K. Sureshbabu, B. RajaK, R. VenugopalK.","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5303","url":null,"abstract":"Steganography is a technique of concealing the secret information in a digital carrier media, so that only the authorized recipient can detect the presence of secret information. In this paper, we propose a spatial domain steganography method for embedding secret information on conditional basis using 1-Bit of Most Significant Bit (MSB). The cover image is decomposed into blocks of 8*8 matrix size. The first block of cover image is embedded with 8 bits of upper bound and lower bound values required for retrieving payload at the destination. The mean of median values and difference between consecutive pixels of each 8*8 block of cover image is determined to embed payload in 3 bits of Least Significant Bit (LSB) and 1 bit of MSB based on prefixed conditions. It is observed that the capacity and security is improved compared to the existing methods with reasonable PSNR.","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"25-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84810292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we scrutinize the role of dual tree complex wavelet transform. This Dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) is slightly short of shift invariant and directionally selective in two or rise up dimensions.The nature of multidimensional DT-CWT is non separable & dependent on the computationally expeditious, separable filter bank(SFB).This paper explains the designing of complex wavelet transform with directional properties and use of this designed form in squeezing of image. If we take the DT-CWT transform, then many of wavelet coefficients are approximately zero and this shows the intra sub-bands dependency. We further access the performance of SPIHT coding preliminary plan for coding of those coefficients. At last, In the results of proposed preliminary plan gives higher rate of squeezing and lower mean square error(MSE) compared to plan of DWT. Dual tree complex wavelet transform-SPIHT preliminary plan outperform DWT based preliminary plan at lower bit rates.
{"title":"Squeezing of Color Image Using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Based Preliminary Plan","authors":"Nitin Sharma, A. Agarwal, Pawan Kumar Khyalia","doi":"10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/SIPIJ.2014.5304","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we scrutinize the role of dual tree complex wavelet transform. This Dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) is slightly short of shift invariant and directionally selective in two or rise up dimensions.The nature of multidimensional DT-CWT is non separable & dependent on the computationally expeditious, separable filter bank(SFB).This paper explains the designing of complex wavelet transform with directional properties and use of this designed form in squeezing of image. If we take the DT-CWT transform, then many of wavelet coefficients are approximately zero and this shows the intra sub-bands dependency. We further access the performance of SPIHT coding preliminary plan for coding of those coefficients. At last, In the results of proposed preliminary plan gives higher rate of squeezing and lower mean square error(MSE) compared to plan of DWT. Dual tree complex wavelet transform-SPIHT preliminary plan outperform DWT based preliminary plan at lower bit rates.","PeriodicalId":90726,"journal":{"name":"Signal and image processing : an international journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81748384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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