Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2014/0177
Suman Keerthi, U. Koduru, N. Sarma
Dunaliella salina is cultivated extensively in natural ponds or intensively in race way ponds for β-carotene production. The ponds are seeded with culture inoculum developed in laboratory conditions or in pilot plant. Because of its high light requirement for growth, D. salina cultures are very cell dilute. Therefore, a large volume of culture inoculum is required to seed mass culture units. The feasibility of culture of D. salina in mixotrophic mode to obtain cell dense inoculum was investigated with an Indian isolate – I3. The constituents of the mineral medium and their concentration were first standardized in growth assays. The optimized mineral medium was supplemented with organic carbon sources – glycerol, sodium acetate and malt extract and organic nitrogen sources – yeast extract and peptone to test for the best results of mixotrophic culture. A mineral medium with 100 mg L–1 potassium nitrate or urea, 0.35 mg L–1 potassium phosphate, 1 ml L–1 trace elements mix (Walne's medium) without borate and 12.5 % NaCl in sea water was found optimal. Malt and yeast extracts in the proportion of 1:3 g L–1 in optimized mineral medium was found to result in cell dense cultures. Mixotrophically cultured inoculum grown photoautotrophically in optimized mineral medium resulted in increased biomass production with higher carotene content than when photoautotrophically cultured. The production cycle decreased by 11 days compared to autotrophic cultures
盐渍杜氏藻在天然池塘中广泛栽培，或在人工池塘中集约栽培，用于生产β-胡萝卜素。用在实验室条件下或在中试植物中培养的接种物播种。由于其生长对光的要求很高，盐藻培养物的细胞稀释程度很高。因此，需要大量的培养接种物来播种大众培养单位。用一株印度菌株- I3研究了以混合营养方式培养盐芽孢杆菌获得细胞密集接种物的可行性。矿物培养基的成分及其浓度首先在生长试验中标准化。在优化后的培养基中添加有机碳源(甘油、乙酸钠和麦芽浸膏)和有机氮源(酵母浸膏和蛋白胨)，考察混合营养培养的最佳效果。在海水中添加100 mg L-1硝酸钾或尿素、0.35 mg L-1磷酸钾、1 ml L-1微量元素混合物(Walne培养基)(不含硼酸盐)和12.5% NaCl的矿物培养基效果最佳。在优化的矿物质培养基中，以1:3 g L-1比例的麦芽和酵母提取物可产生细胞致密培养。混合营养培养的接种体在优化的矿物质培养基中光自养生长，生物量增加，胡萝卜素含量高于光自养培养。与自养培养相比，生产周期缩短了11天
{"title":"A nutrient medium for development of cell dense inoculum in mixotrophic mode to seed mass culture units of Dunaliella salina","authors":"Suman Keerthi, U. Koduru, N. Sarma","doi":"10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2014/0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2014/0177","url":null,"abstract":"Dunaliella salina is cultivated extensively in natural ponds or intensively in race way ponds for β-carotene production. The ponds are seeded with culture inoculum developed in laboratory conditions or in pilot plant. Because of its high light requirement for growth, D. salina cultures are very cell dilute. Therefore, a large volume of culture inoculum is required to seed mass culture units. The feasibility of culture of D. salina in mixotrophic mode to obtain cell dense inoculum was investigated with an Indian isolate – I3. The constituents of the mineral medium and their concentration were first standardized in growth assays. The optimized mineral medium was supplemented with organic carbon sources – glycerol, sodium acetate and malt extract and organic nitrogen sources – yeast extract and peptone to test for the best results of mixotrophic culture. A mineral medium with 100 mg L–1 potassium nitrate or urea, 0.35 mg L–1 potassium phosphate, 1 ml L–1 trace elements mix (Walne's medium) without borate and 12.5 % NaCl in sea water was found optimal. Malt and yeast extracts in the proportion of 1:3 g L–1 in optimized mineral medium was found to result in cell dense cultures. Mixotrophically cultured inoculum grown photoautotrophically in optimized mineral medium resulted in increased biomass production with higher carotene content than when photoautotrophically cultured. The production cycle decreased by 11 days compared to autotrophic cultures","PeriodicalId":90782,"journal":{"name":"Algological studies (Stuttgart, Germany : 2007)","volume":"147 1","pages":"7-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2014/0177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64048192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2015/0190
S. P. Adhikary, N. Keshari, C. Urzì, R. Philippis
The exterior facades of several stone temples of Bhubaneswar (eastern India), built during the 6th to 13th centuries, are now covered with blackish-brown biofilms dominated by cyanobacteria. The architectural carvings show various degrees of deterioration of lithic faces underneath the biofilms, indicating the contribution of these phototrophic microorganisms to this process. A total of 17 species of cyanobacteria, belonging to the genera Gloeocapsa, Gloeocapsopsis, Porphyrosiphon, Leptolyngbya, Lyngbya, Phormidium, Nostoc, Scytonema, Tolypothrix, Hassallia and Stigonema were found in biofilms during the hot months of the tropical summers. The organisms were identified on the basis of their morphological features and those species that were isolated in pure culture were taxonomically validated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The temperature at the exterior of these stone monuments exceeds 60°C, especially during summer, coupled with extreme dryness. Consequently, only cyanobacteria are able to form biofilms. In contrast, during the rainy season, biofilms contained 25 additional cyanobacteria species belonging to the genera Cyanosarcina, Gloeocapsopsis, Phormidium, Pseudophormidium, Schizothrix, Lyngbya, Plectonema, Nostoc, Scytonema, Tolypothrix, Dichothrix and Calothrix together with the green alga Chlorella sphaerica.
{"title":"Cyanobacteria in biofilms on stone temples of Bhubaneswar, Eastern India","authors":"S. P. Adhikary, N. Keshari, C. Urzì, R. Philippis","doi":"10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2015/0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2015/0190","url":null,"abstract":"The exterior facades of several stone temples of Bhubaneswar (eastern India), built during the 6th to 13th centuries, are now covered with blackish-brown biofilms dominated by cyanobacteria. The architectural carvings show various degrees of deterioration of lithic faces underneath the biofilms, indicating the contribution of these phototrophic microorganisms to this process. A total of 17 species of cyanobacteria, belonging to the genera Gloeocapsa, Gloeocapsopsis, Porphyrosiphon, Leptolyngbya, Lyngbya, Phormidium, Nostoc, Scytonema, Tolypothrix, Hassallia and Stigonema were found in biofilms during the hot months of the tropical summers. The organisms were identified on the basis of their morphological features and those species that were isolated in pure culture were taxonomically validated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The temperature at the exterior of these stone monuments exceeds 60°C, especially during summer, coupled with extreme dryness. Consequently, only cyanobacteria are able to form biofilms. In contrast, during the rainy season, biofilms contained 25 additional cyanobacteria species belonging to the genera Cyanosarcina, Gloeocapsopsis, Phormidium, Pseudophormidium, Schizothrix, Lyngbya, Plectonema, Nostoc, Scytonema, Tolypothrix, Dichothrix and Calothrix together with the green alga Chlorella sphaerica.","PeriodicalId":90782,"journal":{"name":"Algological studies (Stuttgart, Germany : 2007)","volume":"147 1","pages":"67-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2015/0190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64048900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0178
Subhajit Roy, Shewli Bhattacharya, Manojit Debnath, S. Ray
Cyanobacteria in microbial mats are described from four sites of an alkaline thermal spring at Bakreswar located in the district Birbhum of West Bengal. Four types of mats are recognized based on their colour and on the predominance of different cyanobacterial species. The four types were dominated by: i) Synechococcus, ii) Leptolyngbya, iii) Oscillatoria and iv) Fischerella. Sixteen morphospecies belonging to fourteen genera of cyanobacteria from four orders were isolated. Thermosynechococcus, Thermophilic Synechococcus, 2 species of Phormidium, 2 species of Leptolyngbya, Gloeocapsa, Calothrix and Fischerella were isolated using BG-11 medium at a light intensity of 25–30 μmol photons m-2s-1 and a temperature of 37 ± 2°C. Most abundant were Thermosynechococcus elongatus, thermophilic Synechococcus lividus, Leptolyngbya fragilis and Leptolyngbya laminosa. Some of the isolated strains and mat samples were characterized by their pigment profile. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that temperature was the main factor controlling species occurrence. L. laminosa dominated all four sites at temperatures of 38–60°C.
{"title":"Diversity of cyanobacterial flora of Bakreswar geothermal spring, West Bengal, India-II","authors":"Subhajit Roy, Shewli Bhattacharya, Manojit Debnath, S. Ray","doi":"10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0178","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria in microbial mats are described from four sites of an alkaline thermal spring at Bakreswar located in the district Birbhum of West Bengal. Four types of mats are recognized based on their colour and on the predominance of different cyanobacterial species. The four types were dominated by: i) Synechococcus, ii) Leptolyngbya, iii) Oscillatoria and iv) Fischerella. Sixteen morphospecies belonging to fourteen genera of cyanobacteria from four orders were isolated. Thermosynechococcus, Thermophilic Synechococcus, 2 species of Phormidium, 2 species of Leptolyngbya, Gloeocapsa, Calothrix and Fischerella were isolated using BG-11 medium at a light intensity of 25–30 μmol photons m-2s-1 and a temperature of 37 ± 2°C. Most abundant were Thermosynechococcus elongatus, thermophilic Synechococcus lividus, Leptolyngbya fragilis and Leptolyngbya laminosa. Some of the isolated strains and mat samples were characterized by their pigment profile. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that temperature was the main factor controlling species occurrence. L. laminosa dominated all four sites at temperatures of 38–60°C.","PeriodicalId":90782,"journal":{"name":"Algological studies (Stuttgart, Germany : 2007)","volume":"147 1","pages":"29-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64046114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2014/0184
A. Ramkissoon, A. Ramsubhag, A. Maxwell, J. Jayaraman
Marine macrophytes have been recently recognized as promising sources of bioactive molecules and as such many drugs leads have arisen from them. We investigated the antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of seaweeds against several human pathogens. Among the seaweeds screened, three species showed inhibitory effects against at least one pathogen, with Ulva fasciata and Amphiroa rigida exhibiting bacteriostatic activity and Chaetomorpha crassa showing bactericidal action against pathogenic Gram-positive cocci. Further testing revealed that the extracts of Chaetomorpha crassa displayed the ability to inhibit biofilm formation and virulence gene expression in Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Isolation and identification of the bioactive molecules of Chaetomorpha crassa revealed the two free fatty acids stearic acid and linolenic acid. This research shows that several species of marine plants found in Trinidad comprise bioactive compounds and may be good candidates for further investigations aimed at isolating and evaluating these compounds for potential medical applications.
{"title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of common species of seaweeds native to Trinidadian coasts","authors":"A. Ramkissoon, A. Ramsubhag, A. Maxwell, J. Jayaraman","doi":"10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2014/0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2014/0184","url":null,"abstract":"Marine macrophytes have been recently recognized as promising sources of bioactive molecules and as such many drugs leads have arisen from them. We investigated the antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of seaweeds against several human pathogens. Among the seaweeds screened, three species showed inhibitory effects against at least one pathogen, with Ulva fasciata and Amphiroa rigida exhibiting bacteriostatic activity and Chaetomorpha crassa showing bactericidal action against pathogenic Gram-positive cocci. Further testing revealed that the extracts of Chaetomorpha crassa displayed the ability to inhibit biofilm formation and virulence gene expression in Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Isolation and identification of the bioactive molecules of Chaetomorpha crassa revealed the two free fatty acids stearic acid and linolenic acid. This research shows that several species of marine plants found in Trinidad comprise bioactive compounds and may be good candidates for further investigations aimed at isolating and evaluating these compounds for potential medical applications.","PeriodicalId":90782,"journal":{"name":"Algological studies (Stuttgart, Germany : 2007)","volume":"147 1","pages":"45-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/ALGOL_STUD/2014/0184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64048701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0145
Yan-hui Bi, Zhigang Zhou
The diploid sporophytes of brown seaweed, Saccharina japonica (Aresch.) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl et G.W. Saunders, produce spores after meiosis, which develop into haploid female and male gametophytes with a sex ratio of 1:1. This ratio, as well as the results that all gametophytes produced by zoospores generated by parthenogenetic sporophytes are females, suggest that an X/Y-like sex-determination system exists in S. japonica. To understand the molecular differences between female and male gametophytes, a suppression subtractive cDNA library was constructed. It was found that lhcf6 was one of the differentially expressed genes, and that this differential transcription between the kelp female gametophytes and male ones might result from different promoters. Although no sex-specific genes were screened, several sex-related molecular markers were developed. Based on the high quality chromosomes prepared by pretreatment with multi-enzymes, two molecular markers in relation to the female gametophytes were co-localized on the sporophyte chromosomes, indicating they are female chromosome-specific cytogenetic DNA markers. Whether S. japonica possesses a sex chromosome might be resolved by pairing the kelp sporophyte chromosomes with the help of localized repetitive sequences such as telomere and centromere using fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques.
褐海藻Saccharina japonica (Aresch.)的二倍体孢子体C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl等G.W. Saunders，减数分裂后产生孢子，孢子发育成雌雄配子体，雌雄配子体的雌雄比例为1:1。这一比例以及孤雌生殖孢子产生的游动孢子产生的配子体均为雌性的结果表明，日本稻存在X/ y样的性别决定系统。为了了解雌雄配子体的分子差异，构建了抑制减法cDNA文库。发现lhcf6是海带雌配子体与雄配子体差异表达的基因之一，这种差异转录可能是由不同的启动子引起的。虽然没有筛选性别特异性基因，但开发了一些与性别相关的分子标记。利用多酶预处理制备的高质量染色体，在孢子体染色体上共定位了两个与雌性配子体相关的分子标记，表明它们是雌性染色体特异性的细胞遗传学DNA标记。利用荧光原位杂交技术，利用端粒和着丝粒等局部重复序列对海带孢子体染色体进行配对，可以解决粳稻是否具有性染色体的问题。
{"title":"What does the difference between the female and male gametophytes of Saccharina japonica remind us of","authors":"Yan-hui Bi, Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0145","url":null,"abstract":"The diploid sporophytes of brown seaweed, Saccharina japonica (Aresch.) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl et G.W. Saunders, produce spores after meiosis, which develop into haploid female and male gametophytes with a sex ratio of 1:1. This ratio, as well as the results that all gametophytes produced by zoospores generated by parthenogenetic sporophytes are females, suggest that an X/Y-like sex-determination system exists in S. japonica. To understand the molecular differences between female and male gametophytes, a suppression subtractive cDNA library was constructed. It was found that lhcf6 was one of the differentially expressed genes, and that this differential transcription between the kelp female gametophytes and male ones might result from different promoters. Although no sex-specific genes were screened, several sex-related molecular markers were developed. Based on the high quality chromosomes prepared by pretreatment with multi-enzymes, two molecular markers in relation to the female gametophytes were co-localized on the sporophyte chromosomes, indicating they are female chromosome-specific cytogenetic DNA markers. Whether S. japonica possesses a sex chromosome might be resolved by pairing the kelp sporophyte chromosomes with the help of localized repetitive sequences such as telomere and centromere using fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques.","PeriodicalId":90782,"journal":{"name":"Algological studies (Stuttgart, Germany : 2007)","volume":"476 1","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64044922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0153
Jianguo Liu, Qianqian Li, L. Qian, Meilin He, Litao Zhang, Y. Liu, Yancong Ding, Zhen Zhang, Wei Lin, Pingping Song, Ling Li, Yuan Huang, Chunmei Han
{"title":"Screening of unicellular microalgae for biofuels and bioactive products and development of a pilot platform","authors":"Jianguo Liu, Qianqian Li, L. Qian, Meilin He, Litao Zhang, Y. Liu, Yancong Ding, Zhen Zhang, Wei Lin, Pingping Song, Ling Li, Yuan Huang, Chunmei Han","doi":"10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90782,"journal":{"name":"Algological studies (Stuttgart, Germany : 2007)","volume":"1 1","pages":"99-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64045254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0171
Jun Zhu, Zhe Fang, Min Liu, L. Liang, Hui-qin Huang, Xiaoxiao Zou, Xiang-zhi Lin, S. Bao
{"title":"Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on the growth, pigment and carrageenan of Betaphycus gelatinum","authors":"Jun Zhu, Zhe Fang, Min Liu, L. Liang, Hui-qin Huang, Xiaoxiao Zou, Xiang-zhi Lin, S. Bao","doi":"10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90782,"journal":{"name":"Algological studies (Stuttgart, Germany : 2007)","volume":"145 1","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64045987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0192
Fengjuan Zhao, Ziguo Zhao, Jidong Liu
{"title":"Effects of temperature on the early development of carpospores of Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)","authors":"Fengjuan Zhao, Ziguo Zhao, Jidong Liu","doi":"10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90782,"journal":{"name":"Algological studies (Stuttgart, Germany : 2007)","volume":"145 1","pages":"181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1127/1864-1318/2014/0192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64046224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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