Little is known about how pet owners make end-of-life (EoL) decisions regarding their pets. We analyzed data from 1542 pet owners from North America and Europe that had made EoL decisions involving their dogs (n = 546) or cats (n=996). We measured participants’ empathy towards animals, emotion regulation, and attitudes toward pets, and asked for demographic information about themselves and the most recent pet that they had euthanized. We asked them to indicate a preference for making a decision too early versus too late, the stage of an illness or injury at which they had made their decision to euthanize, and the amount of guilt they felt for making a decision too early and too late. We hypothesized that individuals with high levels of empathy would prioritize the reduction of their pet’s suffering and would therefore make earlier decisions and feel greater guilt for having made decisions too late. This might be especially true for those with low emotion regulation as they might have more difficulty managing their own distress related to the pet’s condition. In addition, we recognized that pet owners would also consider their desire to extend the pet’s life - particularly when they had strong positive attitudes toward pets. Contrary to our predictions, those with higher reported empathy for animals were more likely to make decisions to euthanize at later stages compared to earlier stages. Cat owners made decisions later compared to dog owners. Higher levels of empathy and lower levels of emotion regulation predicted guilt for both early and late decisions. Further work is needed to explore how various owner characteristics impact EoL decisions. Our study makes a first attempt to understand this complex issue.
{"title":"A Time to Say Goodbye: Empathy and Emotion Regulation Predict Timing of End-of-Life Decisions by Pet Owners","authors":"J. Vonk, Esther Maria Corina Bouma, A. Dijkstra","doi":"10.1079/hai.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about how pet owners make end-of-life (EoL) decisions regarding their pets. We analyzed data from 1542 pet owners from North America and Europe that had made EoL decisions involving their dogs (n = 546) or cats (n=996). We measured participants’ empathy towards animals, emotion regulation, and attitudes toward pets, and asked for demographic information about themselves and the most recent pet that they had euthanized. We asked them to indicate a preference for making a decision too early versus too late, the stage of an illness or injury at which they had made their decision to euthanize, and the amount of guilt they felt for making a decision too early and too late. We hypothesized that individuals with high levels of empathy would prioritize the reduction of their pet’s suffering and would therefore make earlier decisions and feel greater guilt for having made decisions too late. This might be especially true for those with low emotion regulation as they might have more difficulty managing their own distress related to the pet’s condition. In addition, we recognized that pet owners would also consider their desire to extend the pet’s life - particularly when they had strong positive attitudes toward pets. Contrary to our predictions, those with higher reported empathy for animals were more likely to make decisions to euthanize at later stages compared to earlier stages. Cat owners made decisions later compared to dog owners. Higher levels of empathy and lower levels of emotion regulation predicted guilt for both early and late decisions. Further work is needed to explore how various owner characteristics impact EoL decisions. Our study makes a first attempt to understand this complex issue.","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83423489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canadian veterans with PTSD are increasingly accessing psychiatric service dogs as a complementary treatment for their symptoms. Due to the short life span of dogs, however, it is inevitable that these veterans will experience the loss of their PSD either through death, retirement, or relinquishment. This exploratory qualitative study shares the findings from interviews with four veterans who had experienced grief at the loss of a PSD. The themes that emerged suggest that participants experienced a grief cycle: building of a bond with their PSD, a grief response after the loss of their PSD, healing and coping, and a transitional stage when introducing a new PSD into their lives. Recommendations are made for health care professionals working with veterans with psychiatric service dogs and for service dog providers and organizations to better prepare and support their clients leading up to and after the loss of their service dog.
{"title":"“My Lifeline is Gone”: An Exploration of the Experiences of Veterans Following the Loss of their Psychiatric Service Dog(s)","authors":"Maryellen Gibson, D. Chalmers, Siyu Ru","doi":"10.1079/hai.2022.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2022.0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Canadian veterans with PTSD are increasingly accessing psychiatric service dogs as a complementary treatment for their symptoms. Due to the short life span of dogs, however, it is inevitable that these veterans will experience the loss of their PSD either through death, retirement, or relinquishment. This exploratory qualitative study shares the findings from interviews with four veterans who had experienced grief at the loss of a PSD. The themes that emerged suggest that participants experienced a grief cycle: building of a bond with their PSD, a grief response after the loss of their PSD, healing and coping, and a transitional stage when introducing a new PSD into their lives. Recommendations are made for health care professionals working with veterans with psychiatric service dogs and for service dog providers and organizations to better prepare and support their clients leading up to and after the loss of their service dog.","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85991497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During social interactions, one must be able to interpret social signals that convey information and respond appropriately to interactants. Several factors have been shown to influence decisions of interpersonal distance preferences; however, research has yet to determine the associative effects companion animals may have on social information processing during intended interactions. Previous research ( Briones et al., 2022 ) distinguished between various breeds of dogs perceived to be higher or lower in aggression, and further showed that people had a greater tendency to interact with dogs perceived to be lower in aggression. The current studies (Study 1 n = 174; Study 2 n = 229) were an extension of that research and used computer-simulated avatar interactions to assess the influence of dog breeds and other factors on actual proxemic behavior during goal-related social interactions. Results showed that during social interactions, (a) interactants associated with dog breeds perceived higher in aggressiveness elicited larger interpersonal spaces; (b) closer interpersonal distances are maintained with friends than strangers; (c) greater affinity for dogs, in general, was related to closer proxemic distances; and (d) dog handlers taking the perspective of the approaching interactant results in greater interpersonal distances.
在社会互动中，一个人必须能够解释传递信息的社会信号，并对互动者做出适当的反应。有几个因素已被证明影响人际距离偏好的决定;然而，研究尚未确定伴侣动物在预期互动中可能对社会信息处理产生的联想效应。之前的研究(Briones et al.， 2022)区分了被认为攻击性较高或较低的不同品种的狗，并进一步表明人们更倾向于与被认为攻击性较低的狗互动。目前的研究(研究1 n = 174;研究2 (n = 229)是该研究的延伸，并使用计算机模拟的化身交互来评估狗的品种和其他因素对目标相关社会交互中实际近距离行为的影响。结果表明，在社会互动中，(a)与攻击性较高的犬种相关的互动会引发更大的人际空间;(b)与朋友保持的人际距离比与陌生人保持的距离更近;(c)一般来说，与狗的近距离越近，对狗的亲和力越高;(d)从接近互动者的角度出发的训犬师会导致更大的人际距离。
{"title":"The Perception and Effect of Aggressive Dog Breeds on Human Social Interactions","authors":"Elizabeth M. Briones, P. Marshall","doi":"10.1079/hai.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 During social interactions, one must be able to interpret social signals that convey information and respond appropriately to interactants. Several factors have been shown to influence decisions of interpersonal distance preferences; however, research has yet to determine the associative effects companion animals may have on social information processing during intended interactions. Previous research (\u0000 Briones et al., 2022\u0000 ) distinguished between various breeds of dogs perceived to be higher or lower in aggression, and further showed that people had a greater tendency to interact with dogs perceived to be lower in aggression. The current studies (Study 1\u0000 n\u0000 = 174; Study 2\u0000 n\u0000 = 229) were an extension of that research and used computer-simulated avatar interactions to assess the influence of dog breeds and other factors on actual proxemic behavior during goal-related social interactions. Results showed that during social interactions, (a) interactants associated with dog breeds perceived higher in aggressiveness elicited larger interpersonal spaces; (b) closer interpersonal distances are maintained with friends than strangers; (c) greater affinity for dogs, in general, was related to closer proxemic distances; and (d) dog handlers taking the perspective of the approaching interactant results in greater interpersonal distances.\u0000","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"295 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73176371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Currin-McCulloch, Cori Bussolari, W. Packman, L. Kogan, Phyllis Erdman
This study describes the experiences of service dog partners (N=22) whose service dog had retired within the previous five years. The participants were service dog partners who participated in a larger quantitative study (N=56) and agreed to a follow up interview. Guided by bereavement and human-animal bond theories and prior research, researchers coded the interviews using directed content analysis to identify prevalent themes. Findings underscore that the retirement of a service dog is poorly understood by others, and often results in disenfranchised grief about this ambiguous loss. The retirement process is difficult and often partners struggled with the need to quickly acquire another service dog and the subsequent impact this had on their ability to grieve. These results suggest that, given the unique nature of service dogs and the relationship between dog and partner, it is important that service dog organizations, mental health counselors and veterinarians are aware of the challenges and losses associated with the retirement of a service dog and offer appropriate tools and support to their clients during this challenging time.
{"title":"The Loss of a Service Dog Through Retirement: Experiences and Impact on Human Partners","authors":"Jennifer Currin-McCulloch, Cori Bussolari, W. Packman, L. Kogan, Phyllis Erdman","doi":"10.1079/hai.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the experiences of service dog partners (N=22) whose service dog had retired within the previous five years. The participants were service dog partners who participated in a larger quantitative study (N=56) and agreed to a follow up interview. Guided by bereavement and human-animal bond theories and prior research, researchers coded the interviews using directed content analysis to identify prevalent themes. Findings underscore that the retirement of a service dog is poorly understood by others, and often results in disenfranchised grief about this ambiguous loss. The retirement process is difficult and often partners struggled with the need to quickly acquire another service dog and the subsequent impact this had on their ability to grieve. These results suggest that, given the unique nature of service dogs and the relationship between dog and partner, it is important that service dog organizations, mental health counselors and veterinarians are aware of the challenges and losses associated with the retirement of a service dog and offer appropriate tools and support to their clients during this challenging time.","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79401184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dog ownership is related to physical activity. There could, however, be variances in the strength of this relationship between different cultures. The objective of the present study was to investigate activity behavior in dog owners (DOs) in Germany. Further, the association between dog ownership, attachment and physical activity was examined. Total physical activity, dog walking, and other dog-related activities were investigated using an online survey that was promoted in several social media groups. A German physical activity questionnaire (BSA-F) and the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) were used. DOs display higher levels of total physical activity, total walking, and other physical activities than non-dog owners (nDOs). Several other dog-related activities were reported by DOs. The most prominent were retrieve work, ball games and agility. Attachment to one’s dogs was not related to total physical activity. However, attachment correlated with higher levels of time spent in dog-related physical activity and dog walking. It can be concluded that, in a German population, DOs are more physically active than nDOs. Attachment seems to correlate with type, but not quantity, of exercise in dog enthusiasts. Several dog-related activities were reported but information about them is still very limited. Therefore, future studies are needed to focus on the intensity and occurrence of these activities in a representative population of DOs in Germany.
{"title":"Impacts of Dog Ownership and Attachment on Total and Dog-related Physical Activity in Germany","authors":"Hielscher Benedikt, Ganslosser Udo, Froboese Ingo","doi":"10.1079/hai.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dog ownership is related to physical activity. There could, however, be variances in the strength of this relationship between different cultures. The objective of the present study was to investigate activity behavior in dog owners (DOs) in Germany. Further, the association between dog ownership, attachment and physical activity was examined. Total physical activity, dog walking, and other dog-related activities were investigated using an online survey that was promoted in several social media groups. A German physical activity questionnaire (BSA-F) and the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) were used. DOs display higher levels of total physical activity, total walking, and other physical activities than non-dog owners (nDOs). Several other dog-related activities were reported by DOs. The most prominent were retrieve work, ball games and agility. Attachment to one’s dogs was not related to total physical activity. However, attachment correlated with higher levels of time spent in dog-related physical activity and dog walking. It can be concluded that, in a German population, DOs are more physically active than nDOs. Attachment seems to correlate with type, but not quantity, of exercise in dog enthusiasts. Several dog-related activities were reported but information about them is still very limited. Therefore, future studies are needed to focus on the intensity and occurrence of these activities in a representative population of DOs in Germany.","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73219173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Animal Welfare Considerations in Animal-Assisted Interventions","authors":"Amy G Johnson, E. Eccles","doi":"10.1079/hai.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76805522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loneliness is prevalent in contemporary Western society and although it is commonly believed that pets can buffer owners against the effects of loneliness on emotional well-being, empirical research is limited. This study addressed the question of whether loneliness positively predicts the strength of the human-dog bond, and whether the human-dog bond mitigates the deleterious effects of loneliness on emotional well-being. A community sample of Australian pet-dog owners ( N =639: 123 men, 516 women) aged 18-80 participated in the study. Loneliness was conceptualised as a tri-dimensional construct comprised of social-, family-, and romantic-loneliness, while emotional well-being was operationalised in terms of positive and negative affect. Higher social-loneliness and family-loneliness predicted higher negative affect, and higher levels of all three types of loneliness predicted lower positive affect. Higher levels of family-loneliness and romantic-loneliness predicted a stronger human-dog bond, which in turn predicted higher positive affect. No relationship was evident between the human-dog bond and either social-loneliness or negative affect. The human-dog bond mediated the relationship between family-loneliness and positive affect as well as the relationship between romantic-loneliness and positive affect. These mediating effects were of the suppressor-type, indicating that the human-dog bond mitigated the deleterious effects of family-loneliness and romantic-loneliness on positive affect. These findings demonstrate the importance of conceptualising loneliness as a multi-dimensional construct in future studies regarding loneliness and human-animal relationships.
{"title":"The Human-Dog Bond as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Loneliness and Emotional Well-Being","authors":"C. Allen, R. Hogg","doi":"10.1079/hai.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Loneliness is prevalent in contemporary Western society and although it is commonly believed that pets can buffer owners against the effects of loneliness on emotional well-being, empirical research is limited. This study addressed the question of whether loneliness positively predicts the strength of the human-dog bond, and whether the human-dog bond mitigates the deleterious effects of loneliness on emotional well-being. A community sample of Australian pet-dog owners (\u0000 N\u0000 =639: 123 men, 516 women) aged 18-80 participated in the study. Loneliness was conceptualised as a tri-dimensional construct comprised of social-, family-, and romantic-loneliness, while emotional well-being was operationalised in terms of positive and negative affect. Higher social-loneliness and family-loneliness predicted higher negative affect, and higher levels of all three types of loneliness predicted lower positive affect. Higher levels of family-loneliness and romantic-loneliness predicted a stronger human-dog bond, which in turn predicted higher positive affect. No relationship was evident between the human-dog bond and either social-loneliness or negative affect. The human-dog bond mediated the relationship between family-loneliness and positive affect as well as the relationship between romantic-loneliness and positive affect. These mediating effects were of the suppressor-type, indicating that the human-dog bond mitigated the deleterious effects of family-loneliness and romantic-loneliness on positive affect. These findings demonstrate the importance of conceptualising loneliness as a multi-dimensional construct in future studies regarding loneliness and human-animal relationships.\u0000","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85666747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While several systematic and mapping reviews have been published in the last decade on the psychological effects of interacting with horses in therapy services, little has been written about how licensed mental health therapists in the United States should best understand, describe, and conceptually position interactions with horses within their clinical practice. To this end, a healthcare-aligned conceptualization of equine interactions in psychotherapy and counseling is presented. Drawing from competencies and statements published by the American Counseling Association and the Human-Animal Interaction section of the American Psychological Association, the proposed conceptualization describes interactions with horses during psychotherapy as a technique and enhancement to existing treatment approaches, not as a standalone intervention or therapy. Additionally, the conceptualization aligns with legal and ethical responsibilities, and the professional identity of the licensed mental health therapist. The proposed conceptualization emphasizes the importance of using science-based information about horses so that their role and function in psychotherapy sessions can be more accurately understood. The conceptualization is proposed to have positive effects on the day-to-day practice of licensed mental health therapists in areas such as professional communication, treatment planning and provision, and engagement with healthcare processes such as service coding, reimbursement and insurance. The conceptualization could also be of use in research efforts as it clarifies how horse interactions should be understood in the context of treatment, which, in turn, affects research design. Use of the proposed conceptualization may help safeguard clients, other stakeholders, horses, and the licensed mental health therapists who incorporate interactions with horses in the provision of psychotherapy.
{"title":"Conceptualization of Psychotherapy Incorporating Equine Interactions in the United States","authors":"N. Fry","doi":"10.1079/hai.2021.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2021.0036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While several systematic and mapping reviews have been published in the last decade on the psychological effects of interacting with horses in therapy services, little has been written about how licensed mental health therapists in the United States should best understand, describe, and conceptually position interactions with horses within their clinical practice. To this end, a healthcare-aligned conceptualization of equine interactions in psychotherapy and counseling is presented. Drawing from competencies and statements published by the American Counseling Association and the Human-Animal Interaction section of the American Psychological Association, the proposed conceptualization describes interactions with horses during psychotherapy as a technique and enhancement to existing treatment approaches, not as a standalone intervention or therapy. Additionally, the conceptualization aligns with legal and ethical responsibilities, and the professional identity of the licensed mental health therapist. The proposed conceptualization emphasizes the importance of using science-based information about horses so that their role and function in psychotherapy sessions can be more accurately understood. The conceptualization is proposed to have positive effects on the day-to-day practice of licensed mental health therapists in areas such as professional communication, treatment planning and provision, and engagement with healthcare processes such as service coding, reimbursement and insurance. The conceptualization could also be of use in research efforts as it clarifies how horse interactions should be understood in the context of treatment, which, in turn, affects research design. Use of the proposed conceptualization may help safeguard clients, other stakeholders, horses, and the licensed mental health therapists who incorporate interactions with horses in the provision of psychotherapy.","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80795582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren Seibel, Dana E M Seag, Fei Guo, Meghan Morrissey, Robin Peth-Pierce, Mary Acri, Emily K. Hamovitch, Sarah Horwitz, K. Hoagwood
Equine-assisted services include novel approaches for treating children’s mental health disorders, one of which is anxiety ( Latella & Abrams, 2019 ). Reining in Anxiety is a manualized approach to adaptive riding drawing on evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy elements for youth with anxiety. This intervention was delivered by PATH Certified Therapeutic Riding Instructors (CTRIs) in a randomized pilot study. Fidelity checklists, developed to match the core components of the manualized intervention, were collected by independent observers. Fidelity scores addressed an average of 98.7% of components, well beyond the threshold for high fidelity (e.g. >80%) established in the literature ( Garbancz et al., 2014 ). These findings show that the PATH CTRIs trained in the Reining in Anxiety intervention for this study, with supervision and implementation supports, delivered this intervention with high fidelity. This has important implications for expanding access to evidence-based community mental health services beyond traditional clinic settings and providers, and for addressing the gap between the need for and use of evidence-based youth mental health services.
马辅助服务包括治疗儿童心理健康障碍的新方法，其中之一是焦虑(Latella & Abrams, 2019)。控制焦虑是一种手动的方法，以适应骑基于证据的认知行为治疗元素，为青少年的焦虑。在一项随机试点研究中，该干预由PATH认证治疗性骑术教练(CTRIs)提供。独立观察员收集了与人工干预的核心组成部分相匹配的保真度检查表。保真度得分平均处理了98.7%的成分，远远超过了文献中建立的高保真度阈值(例如>80%)(Garbancz et al.， 2014)。这些发现表明，在本研究中接受过控制焦虑干预训练的PATH ctri，在监督和实施支持下，以高保真度提供了这种干预。这对于在传统诊所环境和提供者之外扩大获得循证社区精神卫生服务的机会，以及解决对循证青年精神卫生服务的需求和使用之间的差距具有重要意义。
{"title":"Adaptive Riding Incorporating Cognitive Behavioral Elements for Youth with Anxiety: Fidelity Outcomes","authors":"Lauren Seibel, Dana E M Seag, Fei Guo, Meghan Morrissey, Robin Peth-Pierce, Mary Acri, Emily K. Hamovitch, Sarah Horwitz, K. Hoagwood","doi":"10.1079/hai.2021.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2021.0035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Equine-assisted services include novel approaches for treating children’s mental health disorders, one of which is anxiety (\u0000 Latella & Abrams, 2019\u0000 ). Reining in Anxiety is a manualized approach to adaptive riding drawing on evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy elements for youth with anxiety. This intervention was delivered by PATH Certified Therapeutic Riding Instructors (CTRIs) in a randomized pilot study. Fidelity checklists, developed to match the core components of the manualized intervention, were collected by independent observers. Fidelity scores addressed an average of 98.7% of components, well beyond the threshold for high fidelity (e.g. >80%) established in the literature (\u0000 Garbancz et al., 2014\u0000 ). These findings show that the PATH CTRIs trained in the Reining in Anxiety intervention for this study, with supervision and implementation supports, delivered this intervention with high fidelity. This has important implications for expanding access to evidence-based community mental health services beyond traditional clinic settings and providers, and for addressing the gap between the need for and use of evidence-based youth mental health services.\u0000","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89072995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Dog owners walk more per week compared to non-dog owners; however, 60% of dog owners are still not walking their dogs at intensities sufficient to reap optimal health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a 9-week randomized controlled trial involving a program of six weekly scheduled instructor-led group dog walks supplemented with theory-based strategies to encourage increased dog walking among dog owners in Greater Victoria, BC. Methods: Participants were 17 adults aged 18+, who owned at least one healthy and friendly dog aged six months+, who were not meeting recommended moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. Data were collected using pedometers, self-report measures, and a program evaluation survey. Results: Feasibility outcomes included 74 interested responses, 23% recruitment rate ( n = 17), 94% retention rate ( n = 16), and 94% adherence rate ( n = 15). Program participants were overall (very) satisfied with the program. Total weekly step counts and average daily step counts, MVPA dog walking, and MVPA with dog (i.e., all leisure time physical activity with dog - e.g., hiking, swimming, biking, playing Frisbee) increased at the end of the program and at follow-up, resulting in large effect sizes when compared to the waitlist-control group. Conclusions: This six-week group dog walking program was feasible, acceptable, and efficacious in encouraging increased dog walking and MVPA among dog owners. It is recommended for future studies to refine initial recruitment strategies, reimburse medical/veterinarian clearance costs to reduce cost-related barriers to participation, and offer a variety of options for program delivery (e.g., different locations/schedules/seasons, online programs, multi-site study) to accommodate more participants.
{"title":"Working Out with F.I.D.O. (Frequency, Intensity, Duration, & Outcomes): A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"K. A. Lim","doi":"10.1079/hai.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Objective:\u0000 \u0000 Dog owners walk more per week compared to non-dog owners; however, 60% of dog owners are still not walking their dogs at intensities sufficient to reap optimal health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a 9-week randomized controlled trial involving a program of six weekly scheduled instructor-led group dog walks supplemented with theory-based strategies to encourage increased dog walking among dog owners in Greater Victoria, BC.\u0000 \u0000 Methods:\u0000 \u0000 Participants were 17 adults aged 18+, who owned at least one healthy and friendly dog aged six months+, who were not meeting recommended moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. Data were collected using pedometers, self-report measures, and a program evaluation survey.\u0000 \u0000 Results:\u0000 \u0000 Feasibility outcomes included 74 interested responses, 23% recruitment rate (\u0000 n\u0000 = 17), 94% retention rate (\u0000 n\u0000 = 16), and 94% adherence rate (\u0000 n\u0000 = 15). Program participants were overall (very) satisfied with the program.\u0000 Total weekly step counts\u0000 and\u0000 average daily step counts, MVPA dog walking,\u0000 and\u0000 MVPA with dog\u0000 (i.e., all leisure time\u0000 physical activity with dog -\u0000 e.g., hiking, swimming, biking, playing Frisbee) increased at the end of the program and at follow-up, resulting in large effect sizes when compared to the waitlist-control group.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusions:\u0000 \u0000 This six-week group dog walking program was feasible, acceptable, and efficacious in encouraging increased dog walking and MVPA among dog owners. It is recommended for future studies to refine initial recruitment strategies, reimburse medical/veterinarian clearance costs to reduce cost-related barriers to participation, and offer a variety of options for program delivery (e.g., different locations/schedules/seasons, online programs, multi-site study) to accommodate more participants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":90845,"journal":{"name":"Human-animal interaction bulletin","volume":"37 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89145839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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