首页 > 最新文献

Challenges最新文献

英文 中文
Burden and Psychological Distress in Caregivers of Persons with Addictions 成瘾者照顾者的负担与心理困扰
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.3390/challe14020024
Mirjana Mikulić, I. Čavar, Darija Jurišić, I. Jelinčić, D. Degmečić
Addiction is a complex psychosocial problem that has significant psychosocial effects on family members. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the burden and psychological distress suffered by caregivers of drug abusers. Ninety-nine caregivers of hard drug addicts participated in this study. The test group consisted of 50 participants and the control group had 49 participants. The participants filled out the General Demographic Questionnaire; Caregiving and the Experience of Subjective and Objective Burden; SCL-90-R; and WHOQOL-BREF. Caregivers of addicts who were preparing to join the community exhibited a significantly higher objective burden, subjective burden, subjective stress burden and greater psychological distress in comparison to caregivers of addicts in the community, and their quality of life was poorer (p < 0.001). The following showed to be risk factors for psychological distress: families with a greater number of children, marital, employment and economic status and duration of addiction. The protective factors were better quality of life, long-term marriage and higher education level of caregivers. Caring for addicts who are living with their families is a significant responsibility and burden for caregivers.
成瘾是一种复杂的社会心理问题,对家庭成员有显著的社会心理影响。本研究的目的是了解药物滥用者的照顾者所承受的负担和心理困扰。99名重度吸毒者的护理人员参与了这项研究。试验组有50人,对照组有49人。参与者填写了一般人口调查问卷;护理与主客观负担的体验sci - 90 r;和WHOQOL-BREF。准备加入社区的成瘾者照顾者的客观负担、主观负担、主观压力负担和心理困扰均显著高于社区成瘾者照顾者,其生活质量较差(p < 0.001)。以下是心理困扰的危险因素:子女较多的家庭、婚姻、就业和经济状况以及成瘾持续时间。保护因素为生活质量好、婚姻长久、照顾者受教育程度高。照顾与家人同住的成瘾者是照顾者的一项重大责任和负担。
{"title":"Burden and Psychological Distress in Caregivers of Persons with Addictions","authors":"Mirjana Mikulić, I. Čavar, Darija Jurišić, I. Jelinčić, D. Degmečić","doi":"10.3390/challe14020024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14020024","url":null,"abstract":"Addiction is a complex psychosocial problem that has significant psychosocial effects on family members. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the burden and psychological distress suffered by caregivers of drug abusers. Ninety-nine caregivers of hard drug addicts participated in this study. The test group consisted of 50 participants and the control group had 49 participants. The participants filled out the General Demographic Questionnaire; Caregiving and the Experience of Subjective and Objective Burden; SCL-90-R; and WHOQOL-BREF. Caregivers of addicts who were preparing to join the community exhibited a significantly higher objective burden, subjective burden, subjective stress burden and greater psychological distress in comparison to caregivers of addicts in the community, and their quality of life was poorer (p < 0.001). The following showed to be risk factors for psychological distress: families with a greater number of children, marital, employment and economic status and duration of addiction. The protective factors were better quality of life, long-term marriage and higher education level of caregivers. Caring for addicts who are living with their families is a significant responsibility and burden for caregivers.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86640286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forest Inventories in Private and Protected Areas of Paraguay 巴拉圭私人和保护区的森林清查
Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.3390/challe14020023
Andrew G. Cervantes, Patricia T. Vega Gutierrez, S. Robinson
Environmental degradation in Paraguayan ecosystems relates to anthropogenic intervention and has intensified with wildfires and drought. To help mitigate forest cover loss, the local government created laws, parceled land to private owners, and established protected areas. How differences in land tenure regimes affect dendrology and biodiversity remain to be answered. This preliminary study examined the differences and similarities between three protected area forests (National Park Ybycuí, and Natural Monuments Cerro Koi, Cerro Chorori) and three family-owned forests in Guairá, Central, and Paraguarí of eastern Paraguay. Forty-three transects were established following FAO protocols to examine tree diversity, floristic composition, and complementary vegetation structure information using two biodiversity indexes. Nine hundred and three individuals were registered, representing 92 species, 80 genera, and 35 families. The most abundant families were Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, and Rhamnaceae; and the most abundant genera were Pilocarpus, Columbrina, Acrocomia, Plina, and Astronium. The most important species were Parapiptadenia rigida, Peltophorum dubium, and Astronium fraxinifolium. Results showed higher species richness and significantly greater tree diversity, but a nonsignificantly larger diameter in private forests compared to protected areas studied. Detected differences were small, indicating a need for additional research of forests with differing land tenure regimes as climate dynamics continually shift and management strategies show effects.
巴拉圭生态系统的环境退化与人为干预有关,并因野火和干旱而加剧。为了帮助减轻森林覆盖的损失,当地政府制定了法律,将土地分割给私人所有,并建立了保护区。土地权属制度的差异如何影响树木学和生物多样性仍有待回答。这项初步研究调查了巴拉圭东部瓜伊尔、中部和Paraguarí的三个保护区森林(国家公园Ybycuí和自然纪念碑Cerro Koi、Cerro Chorori)和三个家庭拥有的森林之间的差异和相似之处。根据粮农组织的协议建立了43个样带,使用两种生物多样性指数来检查树木多样性、植物区系组成和互补植被结构信息。共记录到标本993个,隶属于35科80属92种。最丰富的科是豆科、芸香科、桃金桃科和鼠李科;最丰富的属为毛果属(Pilocarpus)、柱头属(Columbrina)、Acrocomia、Plina和Astronium。其中最重要的种为刚体拟南芥(Parapiptadenia rigida)、dubium Peltophorum dubium和Astronium fraxinifolium。结果表明,与保护区相比,人工林的物种丰富度和树木多样性显著增加,但直径不显著增加。所发现的差异很小,这表明需要对不同土地权制的森林进行进一步研究,因为气候动态不断变化,管理战略显示出影响。
{"title":"Forest Inventories in Private and Protected Areas of Paraguay","authors":"Andrew G. Cervantes, Patricia T. Vega Gutierrez, S. Robinson","doi":"10.3390/challe14020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14020023","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental degradation in Paraguayan ecosystems relates to anthropogenic intervention and has intensified with wildfires and drought. To help mitigate forest cover loss, the local government created laws, parceled land to private owners, and established protected areas. How differences in land tenure regimes affect dendrology and biodiversity remain to be answered. This preliminary study examined the differences and similarities between three protected area forests (National Park Ybycuí, and Natural Monuments Cerro Koi, Cerro Chorori) and three family-owned forests in Guairá, Central, and Paraguarí of eastern Paraguay. Forty-three transects were established following FAO protocols to examine tree diversity, floristic composition, and complementary vegetation structure information using two biodiversity indexes. Nine hundred and three individuals were registered, representing 92 species, 80 genera, and 35 families. The most abundant families were Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, and Rhamnaceae; and the most abundant genera were Pilocarpus, Columbrina, Acrocomia, Plina, and Astronium. The most important species were Parapiptadenia rigida, Peltophorum dubium, and Astronium fraxinifolium. Results showed higher species richness and significantly greater tree diversity, but a nonsignificantly larger diameter in private forests compared to protected areas studied. Detected differences were small, indicating a need for additional research of forests with differing land tenure regimes as climate dynamics continually shift and management strategies show effects.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74341588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Reemergence of Monkeypox in Nigeria 猴痘在尼日利亚再次出现
Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.3390/challe14020022
Nzube Ekpunobi, O. Akinsuyi, Theresa Ariri, T. Ogunmola
The emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases caused by viruses continue to be a major public health concern globally, affecting both humans and animals. One such disease is monkeypox, a zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) that has recurred in sub-Saharan Africa over several decades. Notably, the 2022 outbreak of monkeypox in Nigeria follows a deadly outbreak in 2017, which was preceded by the disease’s first recorded outbreak in 1978. Epidemiological investigations in 2017 showed no apparent link between human monkeypox cases and the outbreak that year, indicating the potential existence of multiple sources of the virus and limited human-to-human transmission. This underscores the presence of an alternative ecological niche in humans. Furthermore, in some communities in Nigeria, monkeys are regarded as sacred and not hunted or consumed, leading to their proliferation and increased likelihood of MPXV transmission. This mini-review focuses on the occurrence, epidemiological distribution, geographical distribution, endemicity, and possible solutions to reduce the spread of human monkeypox in Nigeria. The implications of this reemergence and the need for effective public health measures to prevent and control outbreaks of monkeypox are also discussed.
由病毒引起的传染病的出现和重新出现仍然是全球公共卫生关注的一个重大问题,影响到人类和动物。其中一种疾病是猴痘,这是一种由猴痘病毒(MPXV)引起的人畜共患感染,几十年来在撒哈拉以南非洲地区反复出现。值得注意的是,尼日利亚在2022年暴发猴痘疫情之前,曾在2017年暴发过致命疫情,而在此之前,该疾病于1978年首次暴发。2017年的流行病学调查显示,人类猴痘病例与当年的疫情之间没有明显联系,这表明该病毒可能存在多个来源,并且人际传播有限。这强调了人类中存在另一种生态位。此外,在尼日利亚的一些社区,猴子被视为神圣的,不被捕杀或食用,导致它们的繁殖和MPXV传播的可能性增加。本小型综述的重点是尼日利亚人类猴痘的发生、流行病学分布、地理分布、地方性以及减少猴痘传播的可能解决方案。本文还讨论了猴痘再次出现的影响以及采取有效公共卫生措施预防和控制猴痘暴发的必要性。
{"title":"The Reemergence of Monkeypox in Nigeria","authors":"Nzube Ekpunobi, O. Akinsuyi, Theresa Ariri, T. Ogunmola","doi":"10.3390/challe14020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14020022","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases caused by viruses continue to be a major public health concern globally, affecting both humans and animals. One such disease is monkeypox, a zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) that has recurred in sub-Saharan Africa over several decades. Notably, the 2022 outbreak of monkeypox in Nigeria follows a deadly outbreak in 2017, which was preceded by the disease’s first recorded outbreak in 1978. Epidemiological investigations in 2017 showed no apparent link between human monkeypox cases and the outbreak that year, indicating the potential existence of multiple sources of the virus and limited human-to-human transmission. This underscores the presence of an alternative ecological niche in humans. Furthermore, in some communities in Nigeria, monkeys are regarded as sacred and not hunted or consumed, leading to their proliferation and increased likelihood of MPXV transmission. This mini-review focuses on the occurrence, epidemiological distribution, geographical distribution, endemicity, and possible solutions to reduce the spread of human monkeypox in Nigeria. The implications of this reemergence and the need for effective public health measures to prevent and control outbreaks of monkeypox are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90937427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Medical Equipment Lifecycle Framework to Improve Healthcare Policy and Sustainability 改善医疗保健政策和可持续性的医疗设备生命周期框架
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/challe14020021
Bruce Mang, YeonJae Oh, Chabelly Bonilla, Jennifer Orth
The healthcare sector is struggling to become more environmentally friendly compared to other industries, evidently seen by the contribution to global emissions. These struggles have elicited some research on sustainable methods regarding the lifecycle of medical devices. Indeed, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages the reuse of equipment and ethical donations, namely for the sake of the environment and sustainable global health. However, there is a lack of synthesis–multiple greener alternatives to the current healthcare system are developing without a connection to each other, hindering an increase in sustainability. Thus, there is a lack of global organization and standardization in medical equipment lifecycles. Inspired by the findings and guidelines of the Safe and Sustainable Medical Equipment Supply Subgroup (SASMES) of the International Rotary Fellowship of Healthcare Professionals, we created the Re-processing Medical Equipment: Rotarian Research Group for the Environment (Re-MERGE) to expand on these challenges. Re-MERGE follows the life cycle of medical devices in the United States of America through its initial stages of classification and various regulatory pathways, the middle stage of post-market requirements, and the end stage of disposal or donation and reprocessing. Our findings indicate that current medical device end-stages are inefficient, damaging to the environment, and burdensome to donation recipients; however, existing processes can provide improvements to medical device end-stage methods by drastically reducing environmental damage, improving healthcare globally, and increasing sustainability in the field. We identify that more research is needed to connect the implications of different medical device end stages. Additionally, we encourage the findings to be implemented to create more sustainable, effective methods of medical device disposal, donation, and reprocessing.
与其他行业相比,医疗保健行业正在努力变得更加环保,这一点从其对全球排放的贡献可见一斑。这些斗争引发了一些关于医疗设备生命周期的可持续方法的研究。事实上,世界卫生组织(卫生组织)鼓励重新使用设备和合乎道德的捐赠,即为了环境和可持续的全球健康。然而,缺乏综合——当前医疗保健系统的多种绿色替代方案正在发展,彼此之间没有联系,阻碍了可持续性的提高。因此,医疗设备生命周期缺乏全球组织和标准化。受到国际扶轮保健专业人员联会安全与可持续医疗设备供应小组(SASMES)的研究结果和指导方针的启发,我们创建了再加工医疗设备:扶轮社员环境研究小组(Re-MERGE),以扩大这些挑战。Re-MERGE遵循美国医疗器械的生命周期,包括分类和各种监管途径的初始阶段,上市后要求的中期阶段,以及处置或捐赠和再处理的结束阶段。我们的研究结果表明,目前的医疗器械终端阶段效率低下,对环境造成破坏,对捐赠接受者造成负担;然而,现有流程可以通过大幅减少对环境的破坏、改善全球医疗保健和提高该领域的可持续性来改进医疗设备的最终阶段方法。我们确定需要更多的研究来连接不同医疗器械终端阶段的影响。此外,我们鼓励将研究结果付诸实施,以创造更可持续、更有效的医疗器械处置、捐赠和再处理方法。
{"title":"A Medical Equipment Lifecycle Framework to Improve Healthcare Policy and Sustainability","authors":"Bruce Mang, YeonJae Oh, Chabelly Bonilla, Jennifer Orth","doi":"10.3390/challe14020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14020021","url":null,"abstract":"The healthcare sector is struggling to become more environmentally friendly compared to other industries, evidently seen by the contribution to global emissions. These struggles have elicited some research on sustainable methods regarding the lifecycle of medical devices. Indeed, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages the reuse of equipment and ethical donations, namely for the sake of the environment and sustainable global health. However, there is a lack of synthesis–multiple greener alternatives to the current healthcare system are developing without a connection to each other, hindering an increase in sustainability. Thus, there is a lack of global organization and standardization in medical equipment lifecycles. Inspired by the findings and guidelines of the Safe and Sustainable Medical Equipment Supply Subgroup (SASMES) of the International Rotary Fellowship of Healthcare Professionals, we created the Re-processing Medical Equipment: Rotarian Research Group for the Environment (Re-MERGE) to expand on these challenges. Re-MERGE follows the life cycle of medical devices in the United States of America through its initial stages of classification and various regulatory pathways, the middle stage of post-market requirements, and the end stage of disposal or donation and reprocessing. Our findings indicate that current medical device end-stages are inefficient, damaging to the environment, and burdensome to donation recipients; however, existing processes can provide improvements to medical device end-stage methods by drastically reducing environmental damage, improving healthcare globally, and increasing sustainability in the field. We identify that more research is needed to connect the implications of different medical device end stages. Additionally, we encourage the findings to be implemented to create more sustainable, effective methods of medical device disposal, donation, and reprocessing.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86216047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Environmental Health Impacts of Rare Earth Metals: Insights for Research and Policy Making in Africa 稀土金属对全球环境健康的影响:对非洲研究和决策的见解
Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.3390/challe14020020
H. Oladipo, Y. Tajudeen, E. Taiwo., A. Muili, Rashidat Onyinoyi Yusuf, Sarat Ayomide Jimoh, Muhammad Kamaldeen Oladipo, I. Oladunjoye, O. Egbewande, Yusuff Inaolaji Sodiq, Abdulhakeem Funsho Ahmed, M. El-Sherbini
The rise of globalization and industrialization has driven the demand for rare earth metals (REMs). These metals are widely used in various sectors of the global economy with various applications in medicine, renewable energy, electronics, agriculture, and the military. REMs are likely to remain an important part of our global future, and, as production increases, areas contaminated by REMs are expected to expand over the coming decades. Thus, triggering significant adverse environmental, animal, and human health impacts. Despite increased attention on REMs outside China in recent years, there are limited studies exploring REM production, deposits, and associated health impacts in the African context. Proper mine management, adequate safety protocols, sustainable processing methods, and waste handling systems have been identified and proposed globally; however, the nature and scale of implementing these management protocols on the African continent have been less clear. Therefore, planetary health-centered solutions are urgently needed to be undertaken by researchers, policy makers, and non-governmental actors in Africa and across the globe. This is with the overarching aim of ensuring eco-friendly alternatives and public health consciousness on REM exploitations and hazards for future generations to come.
全球化和工业化的兴起推动了对稀土金属的需求。这些金属被广泛应用于全球经济的各个部门,包括医药、可再生能源、电子、农业和军事。REMs很可能仍然是我们全球未来的重要组成部分,随着产量的增加,被REMs污染的地区预计将在未来几十年扩大。因此,会对环境、动物和人类健康产生重大不利影响。尽管近年来中国以外的地区对REM的关注越来越多,但在非洲地区对REM生产、沉积和相关健康影响的研究有限。全球已经确定并提出了适当的矿山管理、适当的安全规程、可持续的处理方法和废物处理系统;但是,在非洲大陆执行这些管理议定书的性质和规模还不太清楚。因此,非洲和全球的研究人员、决策者和非政府行为体迫切需要采取以全球健康为中心的解决办法。这样做的总体目标是确保生态友好的替代品,并为子孙后代确保公众对REM开发和危害的健康意识。
{"title":"Global Environmental Health Impacts of Rare Earth Metals: Insights for Research and Policy Making in Africa","authors":"H. Oladipo, Y. Tajudeen, E. Taiwo., A. Muili, Rashidat Onyinoyi Yusuf, Sarat Ayomide Jimoh, Muhammad Kamaldeen Oladipo, I. Oladunjoye, O. Egbewande, Yusuff Inaolaji Sodiq, Abdulhakeem Funsho Ahmed, M. El-Sherbini","doi":"10.3390/challe14020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14020020","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of globalization and industrialization has driven the demand for rare earth metals (REMs). These metals are widely used in various sectors of the global economy with various applications in medicine, renewable energy, electronics, agriculture, and the military. REMs are likely to remain an important part of our global future, and, as production increases, areas contaminated by REMs are expected to expand over the coming decades. Thus, triggering significant adverse environmental, animal, and human health impacts. Despite increased attention on REMs outside China in recent years, there are limited studies exploring REM production, deposits, and associated health impacts in the African context. Proper mine management, adequate safety protocols, sustainable processing methods, and waste handling systems have been identified and proposed globally; however, the nature and scale of implementing these management protocols on the African continent have been less clear. Therefore, planetary health-centered solutions are urgently needed to be undertaken by researchers, policy makers, and non-governmental actors in Africa and across the globe. This is with the overarching aim of ensuring eco-friendly alternatives and public health consciousness on REM exploitations and hazards for future generations to come.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75441035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Overview of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa and the Rural Households’ Energy Poverty Coping Strategies 南非东开普省可再生能源技术综述及农户能源贫困应对策略
Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010019
P. Mukumba, S. Chivanga
Despite technological innovation and vast renewable energy sources in rural areas, a significant number of rural households are living in energy poverty, and there is a pressing need to come up with strategies to mitigate this. This paper presents an overview of the energy sources in the Eastern Cape Province, the status of renewable energy technologies and the household energy poverty coping strategies in rural areas. The analysis of this study is based on conducted studies on renewable technologies in the Eastern Cape. This paper aims to help to provide a deeper understanding in the selection of the most appropriate renewable energy technologies suited to rural households’ energy needs and to fill the knowledge gap existing in renewable energy technologies to make it easier to map a way forward into the households’ energy poverty coping strategies in the Eastern Cape.
尽管农村地区有技术创新和大量可再生能源,但仍有相当数量的农村家庭生活在能源贫困中,迫切需要制定缓解这一状况的战略。本文概述了东开普省的能源、可再生能源技术的现状以及农村地区家庭能源贫困的应对策略。本研究的分析是基于对东开普省可再生能源技术进行的研究。本文旨在帮助人们更深入地了解适合农村家庭能源需求的最合适的可再生能源技术的选择,并填补可再生能源技术方面存在的知识空白,从而更容易为东开普省家庭的能源贫困应对策略绘制一条前进的道路。
{"title":"An Overview of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa and the Rural Households’ Energy Poverty Coping Strategies","authors":"P. Mukumba, S. Chivanga","doi":"10.3390/challe14010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14010019","url":null,"abstract":"Despite technological innovation and vast renewable energy sources in rural areas, a significant number of rural households are living in energy poverty, and there is a pressing need to come up with strategies to mitigate this. This paper presents an overview of the energy sources in the Eastern Cape Province, the status of renewable energy technologies and the household energy poverty coping strategies in rural areas. The analysis of this study is based on conducted studies on renewable technologies in the Eastern Cape. This paper aims to help to provide a deeper understanding in the selection of the most appropriate renewable energy technologies suited to rural households’ energy needs and to fill the knowledge gap existing in renewable energy technologies to make it easier to map a way forward into the households’ energy poverty coping strategies in the Eastern Cape.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76727589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mobilising the Next Generation of Planetary Health Leaders: The Dynamism of Youth Engagement in Malaysia 动员下一代地球卫生领导人:马来西亚青年参与的活力
Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010018
Saidatul Maisarah Faiesall, Sarah Hanani Ahmad Tajuddin, Andrew Jason George, Nur Hazirah Marzuki, Oliver Lacey-Hall, J. Mahmood, G. Clements, R. Guinto
With planetary health gaining traction as a global movement and problem-solving approach, this trans-disciplinary field is well-placed to provide an exciting and dynamic platform to promote engagement with young people. Previous studies have shown that although there is great energy and passion from youth, the global planetary health community struggles in sustaining young people’s motivations and engagement in today’s crowded physical and online environments. Planetary health advocates are also dealing with an increase in climate anxiety that has taken a toll on the emotional and mental wellbeing of young people. Here, we review our experience in engaging youth groups and networks in Malaysia through a four-pronged approach (consultation, facilitation, capacity-sharing, and evidence-building), as well as challenges commonly faced by the planetary health community in educating and building a youth movement. After a year of engagement, we found that mobilising the next generation of planetary health leaders requires a change in existing power dynamics to a capacity-sharing model, an emphasis on clear, simplified, and effective communications that utilise the mainstream youth spaces (e.g., social media), and hopeful messages to counter apathy and anxiety into action.
随着地球健康作为一项全球运动和解决问题的方法越来越受到关注,这一跨学科领域有能力提供一个令人兴奋和充满活力的平台,促进年轻人的参与。以前的研究表明,尽管年轻人充满活力和激情,但全球地球卫生界仍在努力维持年轻人在当今拥挤的物理和在线环境中的动力和参与。地球健康倡导者还在应对气候焦虑加剧的问题,这种焦虑对年轻人的情绪和心理健康造成了损害。在此,我们回顾了我们通过四管齐下的方法(协商、促进、能力分享和证据建立)吸引马来西亚青年团体和网络的经验,以及全球卫生界在教育和建立青年运动方面共同面临的挑战。经过一年的参与,我们发现,动员下一代地球卫生领导人需要将现有的权力动态转变为能力共享模式,强调利用主流青年空间(例如社交媒体)进行清晰、简化和有效的沟通,并发出希望的信息,将冷漠和焦虑转化为行动。
{"title":"Mobilising the Next Generation of Planetary Health Leaders: The Dynamism of Youth Engagement in Malaysia","authors":"Saidatul Maisarah Faiesall, Sarah Hanani Ahmad Tajuddin, Andrew Jason George, Nur Hazirah Marzuki, Oliver Lacey-Hall, J. Mahmood, G. Clements, R. Guinto","doi":"10.3390/challe14010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14010018","url":null,"abstract":"With planetary health gaining traction as a global movement and problem-solving approach, this trans-disciplinary field is well-placed to provide an exciting and dynamic platform to promote engagement with young people. Previous studies have shown that although there is great energy and passion from youth, the global planetary health community struggles in sustaining young people’s motivations and engagement in today’s crowded physical and online environments. Planetary health advocates are also dealing with an increase in climate anxiety that has taken a toll on the emotional and mental wellbeing of young people. Here, we review our experience in engaging youth groups and networks in Malaysia through a four-pronged approach (consultation, facilitation, capacity-sharing, and evidence-building), as well as challenges commonly faced by the planetary health community in educating and building a youth movement. After a year of engagement, we found that mobilising the next generation of planetary health leaders requires a change in existing power dynamics to a capacity-sharing model, an emphasis on clear, simplified, and effective communications that utilise the mainstream youth spaces (e.g., social media), and hopeful messages to counter apathy and anxiety into action.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"51 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72427775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developing Trusted Voices for Planetary Health: Findings from a Clinicians for Planetary Health (C4PH) Workshop 为地球健康发展值得信赖的声音:来自地球健康临床医生(C4PH)讲习班的调查结果
Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010017
Michael Xie, Vanessa Góes, Melissa Lem, Kristin K. Raab, Tatiana Souza de Camargo, Enrique Falceto de Barros, Sandeep Bhupendra Maharaj, Teddie Potter
Climate change, biodiversity loss, and other environmental changes are rapidly impacting the health of people worldwide, but many clinicians and other health professionals feel unprepared to deal with this burgeoning issue. During the Planetary Health Annual Meeting held in Boston in late 2022, the Clinicians for Planetary Health (C4PH) working group hosted a workshop that highlighted the latest findings of clinicians’ attitudes towards climate change, connections with the related fields of lifestyle medicine and integrative health, lessons learned from implementing “one minute for the planet” in a rural Brazilian clinic, and the benefits of clinicians prescribing time in nature for their patients. This article ends with a few suggestions for healthcare providers to begin implementing planetary health into their professional practice.
气候变化、生物多样性丧失和其他环境变化正在迅速影响全世界人民的健康,但许多临床医生和其他卫生专业人员对处理这一新兴问题感到措手不及。在2022年底在波士顿举行的行星健康年会上,行星健康临床医生(C4PH)工作组举办了一次研讨会,重点介绍了临床医生对气候变化态度的最新发现、与生活方式医学和综合健康相关领域的联系、在巴西农村诊所实施“一分钟地球”的经验教训,以及临床医生为患者在大自然中规定时间的好处。本文最后为医疗保健提供者提供了一些建议,以开始在其专业实践中实施行星健康。
{"title":"Developing Trusted Voices for Planetary Health: Findings from a Clinicians for Planetary Health (C4PH) Workshop","authors":"Michael Xie, Vanessa Góes, Melissa Lem, Kristin K. Raab, Tatiana Souza de Camargo, Enrique Falceto de Barros, Sandeep Bhupendra Maharaj, Teddie Potter","doi":"10.3390/challe14010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14010017","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, biodiversity loss, and other environmental changes are rapidly impacting the health of people worldwide, but many clinicians and other health professionals feel unprepared to deal with this burgeoning issue. During the Planetary Health Annual Meeting held in Boston in late 2022, the Clinicians for Planetary Health (C4PH) working group hosted a workshop that highlighted the latest findings of clinicians’ attitudes towards climate change, connections with the related fields of lifestyle medicine and integrative health, lessons learned from implementing “one minute for the planet” in a rural Brazilian clinic, and the benefits of clinicians prescribing time in nature for their patients. This article ends with a few suggestions for healthcare providers to begin implementing planetary health into their professional practice.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86157193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nature Connection: Providing a Pathway from Personal to Planetary Health 自然连接:提供从个人到地球健康的途径
Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010016
J. Zelenski, S. Warber, Jake M. Robinson, A. Logan, S. Prescott
The vast and growing challenges for human health and all life on Earth require urgent and deep structural changes to the way in which we live. Broken relationships with nature are at the core of both the modern health crisis and the erosion of planetary health. A declining connection to nature has been implicated in the exploitative attitudes that underpin the degradation of both physical and social environments and almost all aspects of personal physical, mental, and spiritual health. It is increasingly clear that the entwined challenges of biodiversity loss, climate change, and human health cannot be addressed without addressing selfishness, greed, apathy, and the value systems that created these global problems. Calls for a spiritual and cultural transformation recognize that “inner” development is important and necessary for meaningful “outward” transitions with a shared purpose for wiser, more sustainable societies. Many of these emotional and spiritual assets appear to be facilitated by a connection to nature, which is also strongly associated with community cohesion, prosocial attitudes, and pro-environmental actions. Restoring the human connection to nature may therefore provide a critical common pathway to promote the physical and spiritual wellbeing of individuals and communities as well as personal and social environmental responsibility. In this paper, we summarize and reflect on the discussions of the Nova Network planetary health community with respect to nature-based solutions as pathways to promote both personal and planetary health with a more mutualistic mindset. These discussions spanned biological to psychological interactions with nature—including the critical relationships with environmental microbes that influence the physical, emotional, and behavioral aspects of health. We consider the ways in which stronger relationships with nature promote “inner assets” to support “outward actions” for personal and planetary health.
人类健康和地球上所有生命面临的巨大和日益增长的挑战要求我们对生活方式进行紧迫和深刻的结构性变革。人类与自然关系的破裂是现代健康危机和地球健康受到侵蚀的核心问题。与自然联系的减少与剥削态度有关,这种剥削态度加剧了自然和社会环境以及个人身心和精神健康几乎所有方面的退化。越来越清楚的是,如果不解决造成这些全球性问题的自私、贪婪、冷漠和价值体系,就无法解决生物多样性丧失、气候变化和人类健康等相互交织的挑战。呼吁精神和文化转型的人认识到,“内在”发展对于有意义的“外在”转型是重要和必要的,这是为了实现更智慧、更可持续的社会的共同目标。许多这些情感和精神资产似乎都是通过与自然的联系而得到促进的,这也与社区凝聚力、亲社会态度和亲环境行动密切相关。因此,恢复人类与自然的联系可能为促进个人和社区的身心健康以及个人和社会的环境责任提供一条重要的共同途径。在本文中,我们总结和反思了新星网络行星健康社区关于以自然为基础的解决方案的讨论,以更互惠的心态促进个人和行星健康。这些讨论涵盖了与自然的生物学到心理学的相互作用,包括与影响身体、情感和行为健康方面的环境微生物的关键关系。我们考虑与自然建立更牢固的关系的方式,促进“内在资产”,以支持个人和地球健康的“外在行动”。
{"title":"Nature Connection: Providing a Pathway from Personal to Planetary Health","authors":"J. Zelenski, S. Warber, Jake M. Robinson, A. Logan, S. Prescott","doi":"10.3390/challe14010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14010016","url":null,"abstract":"The vast and growing challenges for human health and all life on Earth require urgent and deep structural changes to the way in which we live. Broken relationships with nature are at the core of both the modern health crisis and the erosion of planetary health. A declining connection to nature has been implicated in the exploitative attitudes that underpin the degradation of both physical and social environments and almost all aspects of personal physical, mental, and spiritual health. It is increasingly clear that the entwined challenges of biodiversity loss, climate change, and human health cannot be addressed without addressing selfishness, greed, apathy, and the value systems that created these global problems. Calls for a spiritual and cultural transformation recognize that “inner” development is important and necessary for meaningful “outward” transitions with a shared purpose for wiser, more sustainable societies. Many of these emotional and spiritual assets appear to be facilitated by a connection to nature, which is also strongly associated with community cohesion, prosocial attitudes, and pro-environmental actions. Restoring the human connection to nature may therefore provide a critical common pathway to promote the physical and spiritual wellbeing of individuals and communities as well as personal and social environmental responsibility. In this paper, we summarize and reflect on the discussions of the Nova Network planetary health community with respect to nature-based solutions as pathways to promote both personal and planetary health with a more mutualistic mindset. These discussions spanned biological to psychological interactions with nature—including the critical relationships with environmental microbes that influence the physical, emotional, and behavioral aspects of health. We consider the ways in which stronger relationships with nature promote “inner assets” to support “outward actions” for personal and planetary health.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74930345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Team Mindfulness in Online Academic Meetings to Reduce Burnout 在线学术会议中的团队正念减少倦怠
Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.3390/challe14010015
Carol Nash
Burnout, a negative job-related psychological state common with health professionals, results in valuable healthcare research loss. Team mindfulness, promoting work engagement, represents an aspect effective in reducing burnout. In a series of diverse-membership academic meetings intended to reduce research burnout—employing writing prompts, doodling, and continuous developmental feedback—team mindfulness was demonstrated when conducted in person. Therefore, whether team mindfulness is evident when meetings are held online is relevant. During the first eighteen months of COVID-19 limitations requiring these meetings to be online, it was previously reported that team mindfulness was diminished. Question-asking, submitted doodles, and feedback responses were analyzed for the following year of the same group, both quantitively and qualitatively, and with respect to COR theory, to determine if the result persisted. Team mindfulness was also compromised in the second year with respect to the entire group but not regarding the individual relationship with the facilitator. For a diverse-membership group to demonstrate team mindfulness, it is suggested that creating and using avatars similar to those used in online games might be effective. To continue the successful aspect of team mindfulness found online for this group or similarly designed groups, a one-on-one meeting between participant and facilitator is recommended.
职业倦怠是卫生专业人员常见的一种与工作相关的消极心理状态,导致宝贵的卫生保健研究损失。团队专注,促进工作投入,是减少倦怠的一个有效方面。在一系列旨在减少研究倦怠的多元化学术会议上——采用写作提示、涂鸦和持续的发展反馈——团队正念在亲自进行时得到了证明。因此,当会议在网上举行时,团队正念是否明显是相关的。在COVID-19限制要求这些会议在线进行的前18个月里,此前有报道称,团队正念减弱了。在接下来的一年里,对同一组的提问、提交的涂鸦和反馈进行了定量和定性分析,并根据COR理论来确定结果是否持续存在。第二年,团队正念在整个团队中也受到了损害,但在个人与调解人的关系中没有受到损害。对于一个由不同成员组成的团队来说,要表现出团队的专注力,建议创建和使用类似于在线游戏中使用的虚拟形象可能是有效的。为了延续团队正念在这个小组或类似设计的小组中成功的一面,建议参与者和促进者之间进行一对一的会议。
{"title":"Team Mindfulness in Online Academic Meetings to Reduce Burnout","authors":"Carol Nash","doi":"10.3390/challe14010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/challe14010015","url":null,"abstract":"Burnout, a negative job-related psychological state common with health professionals, results in valuable healthcare research loss. Team mindfulness, promoting work engagement, represents an aspect effective in reducing burnout. In a series of diverse-membership academic meetings intended to reduce research burnout—employing writing prompts, doodling, and continuous developmental feedback—team mindfulness was demonstrated when conducted in person. Therefore, whether team mindfulness is evident when meetings are held online is relevant. During the first eighteen months of COVID-19 limitations requiring these meetings to be online, it was previously reported that team mindfulness was diminished. Question-asking, submitted doodles, and feedback responses were analyzed for the following year of the same group, both quantitively and qualitatively, and with respect to COR theory, to determine if the result persisted. Team mindfulness was also compromised in the second year with respect to the entire group but not regarding the individual relationship with the facilitator. For a diverse-membership group to demonstrate team mindfulness, it is suggested that creating and using avatars similar to those used in online games might be effective. To continue the successful aspect of team mindfulness found online for this group or similarly designed groups, a one-on-one meeting between participant and facilitator is recommended.","PeriodicalId":91008,"journal":{"name":"Challenges","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75882425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
Challenges
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1