Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555750
Liliya Golas, Melanie Martel, Nataliya Dorofeyev, Sabrina Vangkhue, Brandon Martel, Matthew R Martel, Jordan P Hastings
Acute primary angle closure glaucoma (APACG) is one of the most significant ocular emergencies presenting to emergency departments. This form of glaucoma is generally perceived as an acute ocular emergency which requires prompt ophthalmic referral for definitive treatment, which is almost universally surgical. At present however, prognostic factors on presentation are not well established and physicians do not have the ability to predict patient’s visual outcomes on presentation with reliable data.
{"title":"Acute Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma Prognostic Factors","authors":"Liliya Golas, Melanie Martel, Nataliya Dorofeyev, Sabrina Vangkhue, Brandon Martel, Matthew R Martel, Jordan P Hastings","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555750","url":null,"abstract":"Acute primary angle closure glaucoma (APACG) is one of the most significant ocular emergencies presenting to emergency departments. This form of glaucoma is generally perceived as an acute ocular emergency which requires prompt ophthalmic referral for definitive treatment, which is almost universally surgical. At present however, prognostic factors on presentation are not well established and physicians do not have the ability to predict patient’s visual outcomes on presentation with reliable data.","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42511736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2021.09.555751
Kenneth R Seger
Video screens have become common on commercial airlines. The screens are usually positioned in the seatback subjecting passengers to potentially onerous accommodative demands. This paper is a preliminary investigation of accommodative demand for commercial airline passengers.
{"title":"Accommodative Demand for Commercial Airline Passengers (Your Eyes, as well as your Knees, are likely to be More Comfortable When Flying First Class)","authors":"Kenneth R Seger","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2021.09.555751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2021.09.555751","url":null,"abstract":"Video screens have become common on commercial airlines. The screens are usually positioned in the seatback subjecting passengers to potentially onerous accommodative demands. This paper is a preliminary investigation of accommodative demand for commercial airline passengers.","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45389951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-05DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555749
Maghlakelidze Natalia, Zueva Marina V
{"title":"Suppression in Amblyopia - Cause or Consequence?","authors":"Maghlakelidze Natalia, Zueva Marina V","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42441580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555748
L. P. Singh, Thangal Yumnamcha, T. S. Devi
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating disease leading to blindness among majority of working adults around the globe. Nonetheless, an effective treatment or cure for the disease is still to be achieved. This is because the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DR are complex and not fully understood yet. In this article, we describe how high glucose induced TXNIP upregulation and associated redox stress may cause mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, ferritinophagy (iron release by autophagy) and lysosome destabilization. Labile irons react with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH) by the Fenton reaction and cause membrane phospholipid peroxidation due to reduction in glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which cause ferroptosis, a recently identified non-apoptotic cell death mechanism. We used in this study a retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE- 19 and exposed it to high glucose in in vitro cultures to highlight some of the intricacies of these cellular processes, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of DR and age-related retinal neurodegenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, AMD.
{"title":"Mitophagy, Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Under High Glucose Conditions: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Retinal Diseases","authors":"L. P. Singh, Thangal Yumnamcha, T. S. Devi","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555748","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating disease leading to blindness among majority of working adults around the globe. Nonetheless, an effective treatment or cure for the disease is still to be achieved. This is because the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DR are complex and not fully understood yet. In this article, we describe how high glucose induced TXNIP upregulation and associated redox stress may cause mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, ferritinophagy (iron release by autophagy) and lysosome destabilization. Labile irons react with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH) by the Fenton reaction and cause membrane phospholipid peroxidation due to reduction in glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which cause ferroptosis, a recently identified non-apoptotic cell death mechanism. We used in this study a retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE- 19 and exposed it to high glucose in in vitro cultures to highlight some of the intricacies of these cellular processes, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of DR and age-related retinal neurodegenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, AMD.","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":"8 1","pages":"77 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44644831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555747
Ramachandran Ramachandran
{"title":"\"Comprehensive Understanding the Complication of Secondary Co-Infectious Severity in Post Covid-19 Patient with Keratoconjunctivities","authors":"Ramachandran Ramachandran","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48020064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555746
Battle Zavala Louis Abraham
Male patient 61 years old previously diagnosed with glaucoma and a LASER application four months before our evaluation. He presented with pain, visual loss of the left eye and headache. In the physical examination he had conjunctival hyperemia, subepithelial corneal edema, flat anterior chamber grade 2, anterior synechiae, cataract, and intraocular pressure of 42mmHg. Ultrasonography demonstrated retina and choroid properly attached. Ultrabiomicroscopy showed anterior iris displacement that had contact with corneal endothelium without being the lens the cause. Maximal medical therapy was initiated and iridotomies performed, nevertheless, the patient had no improvement, hence the diagnosis of malignant glaucoma. Phacoemulsification+ intraocular lens implant+vitrectomy in the left eye was performed, where we found a Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment [1]. Causes and treatment of ocular hypertension and flat anterior chamber have been well described. The main diferencial diagnosis are pupillary block, malignant glaucoma, and choroidal hemorrhage. We presented an unusual case of malignant glaucoma that occurred associated with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. case of a grade 2 flat chamber, with ocular hypertension that did not respond to treatment for the usual diagnoses, this being a case of refractory glaucoma, in which a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was found.
{"title":"Anomalous Direction of Peri lenticular Aqueous Humor Associated with Retinal Detachment","authors":"Battle Zavala Louis Abraham","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555746","url":null,"abstract":"Male patient 61 years old previously diagnosed with glaucoma and a LASER application four months before our evaluation. He presented with pain, visual loss of the left eye and headache. In the physical examination he had conjunctival hyperemia, subepithelial corneal edema, flat anterior chamber grade 2, anterior synechiae, cataract, and intraocular pressure of 42mmHg. Ultrasonography demonstrated retina and choroid properly attached. Ultrabiomicroscopy showed anterior iris displacement that had contact with corneal endothelium without being the lens the cause. Maximal medical therapy was initiated and iridotomies performed, nevertheless, the patient had no improvement, hence the diagnosis of malignant glaucoma. Phacoemulsification+ intraocular lens implant+vitrectomy in the left eye was performed, where we found a Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment [1]. Causes and treatment of ocular hypertension and flat anterior chamber have been well described. The main diferencial diagnosis are pupillary block, malignant glaucoma, and choroidal hemorrhage. We presented an unusual case of malignant glaucoma that occurred associated with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. case of a grade 2 flat chamber, with ocular hypertension that did not respond to treatment for the usual diagnoses, this being a case of refractory glaucoma, in which a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was found.","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45476719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-10DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2020.08.555745
Epaminondas de Souza Mendes Junior
Canaliculitis is an uncommon condition of the lacrimal canaliculi. The presentation is usually unilateral and usually runs with epiphora, hyperemia, edema, and pain, with discharge of secretion by the lacrimal point. The diagnosis is clinical since its findings are quite typical. Surgical treatment with canaliculotomy has been described as the most effective. Canaliculitis should be considered in recurrent cases of conjunctivitis and the ophthalmologist should be aware of the signs for earlier management of cases.
{"title":"Lacrimal Canaliculitis","authors":"Epaminondas de Souza Mendes Junior","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2020.08.555745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2020.08.555745","url":null,"abstract":"Canaliculitis is an uncommon condition of the lacrimal canaliculi. The presentation is usually unilateral and usually runs with epiphora, hyperemia, edema, and pain, with discharge of secretion by the lacrimal point. The diagnosis is clinical since its findings are quite typical. Surgical treatment with canaliculotomy has been described as the most effective. Canaliculitis should be considered in recurrent cases of conjunctivitis and the ophthalmologist should be aware of the signs for earlier management of cases.","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-14DOI: 10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555744
P. Gupta
According to CDC guidelines to prevent spreading of SARS-CoV2 virus one should take extra precaution to protect first line of defense mucus secreting organs, such as, nose, mouth, and eyes. Once a person gets infection eyes become a source of infection. The eye and its tear drainage apparatus can track the SARS-CoV-2 from the eye into the respiratory tract of the patient.
{"title":"Controversial Roles of Eyes in Covid-19","authors":"P. Gupta","doi":"10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/jojo.2021.08.555744","url":null,"abstract":"According to CDC guidelines to prevent spreading of SARS-CoV2 virus one should take extra precaution to protect first line of defense mucus secreting organs, such as, nose, mouth, and eyes. Once a person gets infection eyes become a source of infection. The eye and its tear drainage apparatus can track the SARS-CoV-2 from the eye into the respiratory tract of the patient.","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46039978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lalit Pukhrambam Singh, Thangal Yumnamcha, Takhellambam S Devi
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating disease leading to blindness among majority of working adults around the globe. Nonetheless, an effective treatment or cure for the disease is still to be achieved. This is because the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DR are complex and not fully understood yet. In this article, we describe how high glucose induced TXNIP upregulation and associated redox stress may cause mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, ferritinophagy (iron release by autophagy) and lysosome destabilization. Labile irons react with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH) by the Fenton reaction and cause membrane phospholipid peroxidation due to reduction in glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which cause ferroptosis, a recently identified non-apoptotic cell death mechanism. We used in this study a retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE- 19 and exposed it to high glucose in in vitro cultures to highlight some of the intricacies of these cellular processes, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of DR and age-related retinal neurodegenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, AMD.
{"title":"Mitophagy, Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Under High Glucose Conditions: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Retinal Diseases.","authors":"Lalit Pukhrambam Singh, Thangal Yumnamcha, Takhellambam S Devi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating disease leading to blindness among majority of working adults around the globe. Nonetheless, an effective treatment or cure for the disease is still to be achieved. This is because the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DR are complex and not fully understood yet. In this article, we describe how high glucose induced TXNIP upregulation and associated redox stress may cause mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, ferritinophagy (iron release by autophagy) and lysosome destabilization. Labile irons react with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH) by the Fenton reaction and cause membrane phospholipid peroxidation due to reduction in glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which cause ferroptosis, a recently identified non-apoptotic cell death mechanism. We used in this study a retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE- 19 and exposed it to high glucose in <i>in vitro</i> cultures to highlight some of the intricacies of these cellular processes, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of DR and age-related retinal neurodegenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":"8 5","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39649653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-20DOI: 10.19080/JOJO.2020.08.555741
Akansha Sharma
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by elevated blood glucose. DM is a global epidemic and the prevalence is anticipated to continue to increase. DM is can be further classified as type 1 (T1DM), which causes pancreatic beta cell failure due to which insufficient insulin is type 2 (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance [1]. Type II diabetes is most dominant form of diabetes contributing for almost 90% of total burden of diabetes [2]. Diabetic retinopathy is a cause of visual loss on a global scale. The pathology is closely associated with vascular, glial, and neuronal components of the diabetic retina. Treatments for the vision-threatening complications of diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy have greatly improved. As per recent studies, diabetes markedly impacts the retinal neurovascular unit and its interdependent vascular, neuronal, glial, and immune cells [3]. Laboratory and clinical evidence show that, microvascular changes, inflammation and retinal neurodegeneration may contribute to diabetic retinal damage in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy [4]. Clinically, diabetic changes in the retina can be divided into two stages: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Early stage of DR is represented by NPDR, wherein the pathology is increased vascular permeability and capillary occlusion. During this stage, the fundus findings include microaneurysms, hemorrhages and hard exudates while the patients may be asymptomatic4. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is an advanced type of DR, the patients may experience severe vision impairment. This stage is characterized by neovascularization [4]. However, in addition to hyperglycemia, other factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and particularly the genetic load, have an immense influence on the severity and clinical course of diabetic retinopathy (DR) [5]. Using OCT, DME can be classified into four main types presented as the OCT Classification of Diabetic Macular Edema given by KolevaGeorgieva: [6]
{"title":"Association of Body Mass Index, Blood Sugar and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels with Types of Macular Edema in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Akansha Sharma","doi":"10.19080/JOJO.2020.08.555741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/JOJO.2020.08.555741","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by elevated blood glucose. DM is a global epidemic and the prevalence is anticipated to continue to increase. DM is can be further classified as type 1 (T1DM), which causes pancreatic beta cell failure due to which insufficient insulin is type 2 (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance [1]. Type II diabetes is most dominant form of diabetes contributing for almost 90% of total burden of diabetes [2]. Diabetic retinopathy is a cause of visual loss on a global scale. The pathology is closely associated with vascular, glial, and neuronal components of the diabetic retina. Treatments for the vision-threatening complications of diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy have greatly improved. As per recent studies, diabetes markedly impacts the retinal neurovascular unit and its interdependent vascular, neuronal, glial, and immune cells [3]. Laboratory and clinical evidence show that, microvascular changes, inflammation and retinal neurodegeneration may contribute to diabetic retinal damage in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy [4]. Clinically, diabetic changes in the retina can be divided into two stages: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Early stage of DR is represented by NPDR, wherein the pathology is increased vascular permeability and capillary occlusion. During this stage, the fundus findings include microaneurysms, hemorrhages and hard exudates while the patients may be asymptomatic4. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is an advanced type of DR, the patients may experience severe vision impairment. This stage is characterized by neovascularization [4]. However, in addition to hyperglycemia, other factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and particularly the genetic load, have an immense influence on the severity and clinical course of diabetic retinopathy (DR) [5]. Using OCT, DME can be classified into four main types presented as the OCT Classification of Diabetic Macular Edema given by KolevaGeorgieva: [6]","PeriodicalId":91023,"journal":{"name":"JOJ ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43174758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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