Pub Date : 2019-08-14DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664.1410029
Posokhina Ekaterina, Ronzhin Nikita, Mogilnaya Olga, Baron Alexey, Bondarev Vladimir
A supramolecular indicator system (cellulose-nanodiamonds-urease) for reusable biochemical detection of urea has been fabricated using sequential immobilization of the components. Modified nanodiamonds (MNDs) were covalently immobilized onto DEAE cellulose granules via the nucleophilic addition reaction. At DEAE cellulose: MND ratio of 4:1 (w/w), up to 110 μg of nanoparticles bound onto 1 mg of the polymer during the addition reaction. Urease was immobilized by covalent conjugation onto the polymer-MND composite with the benzoquinone-activated surface. In comparative experiments, the enzyme was immobilized onto initial polymer granules via nonspecific adsorption and covalent conjugation. However, when these indicator systems were repeatedly used to detect the analyte, the enzyme was considerably inactivated, and that was evidenced by a decrease in the colored product yield. At the same time, the enzyme covalently bound onto the DEAE cellulose-MND composite showed higher functional efficacy and enabled more stable yields of the colored product in repeated urea assays. Comparative experiments with the indicator systems repeatedly used to detect urea at 37 °C demonstrated that the enzyme covalently conjugated onto the DEAE cellulose-MND composite showed greater thermo stability, and its activity was reduced at a much slower rate than the activity of the enzyme covalently bound to the polymer. The data obtained in the present study offer the prospect of designing a new type of reusable indicator assay systems (polymer carrier-nanodiamond-biomarker supramolecular systems) for biomedical analytical applications.
{"title":"A Supramolecular Indicator System for Detecting Urea Based on the Cellulose-Nanodiamond Composite Material and Urease","authors":"Posokhina Ekaterina, Ronzhin Nikita, Mogilnaya Olga, Baron Alexey, Bondarev Vladimir","doi":"10.23937/2378-3664.1410029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3664.1410029","url":null,"abstract":"A supramolecular indicator system (cellulose-nanodiamonds-urease) for reusable biochemical detection of urea has been fabricated using sequential immobilization of the components. Modified nanodiamonds (MNDs) were covalently immobilized onto DEAE cellulose granules via the nucleophilic addition reaction. At DEAE cellulose: MND ratio of 4:1 (w/w), up to 110 μg of nanoparticles bound onto 1 mg of the polymer during the addition reaction. Urease was immobilized by covalent conjugation onto the polymer-MND composite with the benzoquinone-activated surface. In comparative experiments, the enzyme was immobilized onto initial polymer granules via nonspecific adsorption and covalent conjugation. However, when these indicator systems were repeatedly used to detect the analyte, the enzyme was considerably inactivated, and that was evidenced by a decrease in the colored product yield. At the same time, the enzyme covalently bound onto the DEAE cellulose-MND composite showed higher functional efficacy and enabled more stable yields of the colored product in repeated urea assays. Comparative experiments with the indicator systems repeatedly used to detect urea at 37 °C demonstrated that the enzyme covalently conjugated onto the DEAE cellulose-MND composite showed greater thermo stability, and its activity was reduced at a much slower rate than the activity of the enzyme covalently bound to the polymer. The data obtained in the present study offer the prospect of designing a new type of reusable indicator assay systems (polymer carrier-nanodiamond-biomarker supramolecular systems) for biomedical analytical applications.","PeriodicalId":91094,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical nano research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-17DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664.1410028
I SholqamyMaii, S Abd-ElHamidEhab, E. Mostafa, F MohamedAly, A El-SaidWaleed
The change in cell size and alterations in the distribution of cells at different phases of the cell cycle are indicators of change in cell homeostasis. In this study, the HEp-2 cell line cells were treated for 24 hours by two shapes of Gold nanoparticles (GNPs): Gold nanospheres (GNSs) and Gold nanorods (GNRs). The cytotoxic effect of GNPs was evaluated by different methods. The MTT assay revealed that GNPs have a cytotoxic effect on HEp-2 cells and the GNRs are more toxic than GNSs. Image morphometric analysis showed a decrease in the mean values of Nuclear Area Factor (NAF) of HEp-2 cells treated with GNPs when compared to control cells. We found that cell size decreased in cells treated with GNPs and most of the cells were in S-phase and decreased at G2-phase of the cell cycle when compared to control cells. Also, it was noted that in cells treated with GNSs the apoptotic features increased with increasing concentration from pre IC50 to post IC50, contrary to cells treated with GNRs the apoptotic features decreased with increasing concentration from IC50 to post IC50. Cell size and cell cycle distribution changed after treatment by GNPs. The GNRs may be more toxic than GNSs.
{"title":"Monitoring the Anticancer Effects of Two Different Gold Nanostructures Shapes towards Hep-2 Cells","authors":"I SholqamyMaii, S Abd-ElHamidEhab, E. Mostafa, F MohamedAly, A El-SaidWaleed","doi":"10.23937/2378-3664.1410028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3664.1410028","url":null,"abstract":"The change in cell size and alterations in the distribution of cells at different phases of the cell cycle are indicators of change in cell homeostasis. In this study, the HEp-2 cell line cells were treated for 24 hours by two shapes of Gold nanoparticles (GNPs): Gold nanospheres (GNSs) and Gold nanorods (GNRs). The cytotoxic effect of GNPs was evaluated by different methods. The MTT assay revealed that GNPs have a cytotoxic effect on HEp-2 cells and the GNRs are more toxic than GNSs. Image morphometric analysis showed a decrease in the mean values of Nuclear Area Factor (NAF) of HEp-2 cells treated with GNPs when compared to control cells. We found that cell size decreased in cells treated with GNPs and most of the cells were in S-phase and decreased at G2-phase of the cell cycle when compared to control cells. Also, it was noted that in cells treated with GNSs the apoptotic features increased with increasing concentration from pre IC50 to post IC50, contrary to cells treated with GNRs the apoptotic features decreased with increasing concentration from IC50 to post IC50. Cell size and cell cycle distribution changed after treatment by GNPs. The GNRs may be more toxic than GNSs.","PeriodicalId":91094,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical nano research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664/1410022
H. Alireza
In the current paper, the first step for using Os-Pd/HfC nanocomposites as luminophore in producing Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor-namely increasing the sensitivity of biosensor through creating Os-Pd/HfC nanocomposites and using it instead of other nanocomposites for detecting and tracking of human gastroenterological cancer cells, tissues and tumors, is evaluated. Further, optimization of tri-n-propylamine (TPrA), 2-(dibutylamino) ethanol (DBAE) and benzyl peroxide (BPO) concentrations and Os-Pd/HfC nanocomposites as four main and effective materials in the intensity of luminescence for detecting and tracking of human gastroenterological cancer cells, tissues and tumors are considered so that the highest sensitivity obtains. In this regard, various concentrations of four materials were prepared and photon emission was investigated in the absence of human gastroenterological cancer cells, tissues and tumors.
{"title":"Production of Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) Biosensor Using Os-Pd/HfC Nanocomposites for Detecting and Tracking of Human Gastroenterological Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors","authors":"H. Alireza","doi":"10.23937/2378-3664/1410022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3664/1410022","url":null,"abstract":"In the current paper, the first step for using Os-Pd/HfC nanocomposites as luminophore in producing Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor-namely increasing the sensitivity of biosensor through creating Os-Pd/HfC nanocomposites and using it instead of other nanocomposites for detecting and tracking of human gastroenterological cancer cells, tissues and tumors, is evaluated. Further, optimization of tri-n-propylamine (TPrA), 2-(dibutylamino) ethanol (DBAE) and benzyl peroxide (BPO) concentrations and Os-Pd/HfC nanocomposites as four main and effective materials in the intensity of luminescence for detecting and tracking of human gastroenterological cancer cells, tissues and tumors are considered so that the highest sensitivity obtains. In this regard, various concentrations of four materials were prepared and photon emission was investigated in the absence of human gastroenterological cancer cells, tissues and tumors.","PeriodicalId":91094,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical nano research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47774309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664.1410026
C. Arpagaus
Spray drying plays a crucial role in the processing of pharmaceutical products such as pills, capsules, and tablets as it is used to convert drug-containing liquids into dried powdered forms. Nano spray drying is in particular used to improve drug formulation by encapsulating active ingredients in polymeric wall materials for protection and delivering the drugs to the right place and time in the body. The nano spray dryer developed in the recent years extends the spectrum of produced powder particles to the submicronand nanoscale with very narrow size distributions and sample quantities in the milligram scale at high product yields. This enables the economical use of expensive active pharmaceutical ingredients and pure drugs. The present paper explains the concept of nano spray drying in the laboratory-scale and discusses the influence of the main process parameters on the final powder properties like particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Application results of nano spray drying for the formulation and encapsulation of different drugs are reviewed.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical Particle Engineering via Nano Spray Drying - Process Parameters and Application Examples on the Laboratory-Scale","authors":"C. Arpagaus","doi":"10.23937/2378-3664.1410026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3664.1410026","url":null,"abstract":"Spray drying plays a crucial role in the processing of pharmaceutical products such as pills, capsules, and tablets as it is used to convert drug-containing liquids into dried powdered forms. Nano spray drying is in particular used to improve drug formulation by encapsulating active ingredients in polymeric wall materials for protection and delivering the drugs to the right place and time in the body. The nano spray dryer developed in the recent years extends the spectrum of produced powder particles to the submicronand nanoscale with very narrow size distributions and sample quantities in the milligram scale at high product yields. This enables the economical use of expensive active pharmaceutical ingredients and pure drugs. The present paper explains the concept of nano spray drying in the laboratory-scale and discusses the influence of the main process parameters on the final powder properties like particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Application results of nano spray drying for the formulation and encapsulation of different drugs are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":91094,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical nano research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45969861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664/1410021
G BrunoJohn, P. Taylor
DNA aptamers were developed against human growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP)-6 and the major metabolite of GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) known as AA-3 (D-Ala-D(β-naphthyl)-Ala-Ala-OH) in 10% human serum or 50% human urine. The lead 5’-biotinylated candidate aptamers from ELISA-like microplate screening were conjugated to commercially available DynalTM streptavidin-polystyrene-coated 2.8 μm diameter magnetic (magnetite) microbeads (MBs) and used to “pull down” and purify or enrich for their cognate targets from buffer as well as undiluted human serum and urine. Aptamer binding was detectable at low ng levels in buffer, but not in serum or urine by the ELISA-like (ELASA) assay. Similarly, aptamer-MB pull down was detectable in buffer by electrophoresis in Coomassie blue-stained 20% polyacrylamide gels, but gel detection in serum and urine was compromised. In two cases, lead GHRP-6 candidate aptamers were shown to pull down an interfering protein in the vicinity of 50 kD from serum by electrophoresis. AA-3 and GHRP-6 were pulled down using aptamer-coated MBs and detected in buffer, serum and urine by mass spectrometry (MS) in 81.25% (13 of 16 trials), thus attesting to the potential of aptamers for use in the detection of doping with these peptides in athletes. The 18.75% (3 of 16 trials) negative detection results by MS for aptamer-MB pull down trials were rectified when 5X more aptamer-MB reagents were added or when the aptamer-MBs were used in the body fluid matrices in which they were selected (i.e., the aptamers were placed in their intended chemical environments). The aptamer-coated MB pull down method is generalizable to enrichment and sensitive detection of other analytes in serum and urine as well using aptamers selected in these body fluid matrices.
{"title":"Aptamer-Conjugated Magnetic Bead Pull Down and Detection of Human Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides from Serum and Urine by Mass Spectrometry","authors":"G BrunoJohn, P. Taylor","doi":"10.23937/2378-3664/1410021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3664/1410021","url":null,"abstract":"DNA aptamers were developed against human growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP)-6 and the major metabolite of GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) known as AA-3 (D-Ala-D(β-naphthyl)-Ala-Ala-OH) in 10% human serum or 50% human urine. The lead 5’-biotinylated candidate aptamers from ELISA-like microplate screening were conjugated to commercially available DynalTM streptavidin-polystyrene-coated 2.8 μm diameter magnetic (magnetite) microbeads (MBs) and used to “pull down” and purify or enrich for their cognate targets from buffer as well as undiluted human serum and urine. Aptamer binding was detectable at low ng levels in buffer, but not in serum or urine by the ELISA-like (ELASA) assay. Similarly, aptamer-MB pull down was detectable in buffer by electrophoresis in Coomassie blue-stained 20% polyacrylamide gels, but gel detection in serum and urine was compromised. In two cases, lead GHRP-6 candidate aptamers were shown to pull down an interfering protein in the vicinity of 50 kD from serum by electrophoresis. AA-3 and GHRP-6 were pulled down using aptamer-coated MBs and detected in buffer, serum and urine by mass spectrometry (MS) in 81.25% (13 of 16 trials), thus attesting to the potential of aptamers for use in the detection of doping with these peptides in athletes. The 18.75% (3 of 16 trials) negative detection results by MS for aptamer-MB pull down trials were rectified when 5X more aptamer-MB reagents were added or when the aptamer-MBs were used in the body fluid matrices in which they were selected (i.e., the aptamers were placed in their intended chemical environments). The aptamer-coated MB pull down method is generalizable to enrichment and sensitive detection of other analytes in serum and urine as well using aptamers selected in these body fluid matrices.","PeriodicalId":91094,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical nano research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664/1410023
P. Sandeep, D. KurdekarAditya, Chunduri La Avinash, C. Prathibha, K. Venkataramaniah
Phase solubility behavior, physico-chemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, morphology and dissolution enhancement of Naproxen-PVP Nanoformulations have been studied. Drug-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 for the poorly water-soluble drug, naproxen and the polymer PVP are prepared via wet milling using a conventional Retsch Planetary ball mill. The highest dissolution enhancement over that of the pure drug, 310% was achieved for the formulation ratio of 1:4. This ability of hydrophillic surfactant carriers to accelerate the in vitro dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs has been attributed to wetting, solubilization and/or deflocculation. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model most aptly fits the in vitro dissolution data indicating a possible drug release mechanism predominated by anomalous non-Fickian diffusion thus helping improve the physicochemical characteristics of naproxen towards its dissolution enhancement and possibly increase the oral bioavailability of the drug without any adverse cytotoxic consequences.
{"title":"In Vitro Dissolution Studies on Naproxen-PVP Nanoformulations Show Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Naproxen","authors":"P. Sandeep, D. KurdekarAditya, Chunduri La Avinash, C. Prathibha, K. Venkataramaniah","doi":"10.23937/2378-3664/1410023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3664/1410023","url":null,"abstract":"Phase solubility behavior, physico-chemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, morphology and dissolution enhancement of Naproxen-PVP Nanoformulations have been studied. Drug-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 for the poorly water-soluble drug, naproxen and the polymer PVP are prepared via wet milling using a conventional Retsch Planetary ball mill. The highest dissolution enhancement over that of the pure drug, 310% was achieved for the formulation ratio of 1:4. This ability of hydrophillic surfactant carriers to accelerate the in vitro dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs has been attributed to wetting, solubilization and/or deflocculation. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model most aptly fits the in vitro dissolution data indicating a possible drug release mechanism predominated by anomalous non-Fickian diffusion thus helping improve the physicochemical characteristics of naproxen towards its dissolution enhancement and possibly increase the oral bioavailability of the drug without any adverse cytotoxic consequences.","PeriodicalId":91094,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical nano research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46742142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664.1410024
V. Subha, R. Ravindran, R. Preethi, Joseph Cyrril, S. Kirubanandan, S. Renganathan
Green synthesis is a novel process for the preparation of numerous metallic nanoparticle and provides a safer and eco-friendly process simultaneously achieving functionalization of nanoparticles with bioactive molecules in the plants extract. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is performed using the aqueous extract of Ipomoea pes-caprae stems which acts as a bio-reducing agent. UV spectroscopic investigation confirms the formation of AgNPs by noticing the peak at 448 nm due to its surface plasmon resonance effect. The FTIR spectrum notifies peaks at 640, 3535, 3217, 1660, 1043 cm-1 confirming AgNPs mixing with the plant extract during synthesis. XRD analysis of AgNPs represents the (1 0 3), (1 1 1), (2 2 0) and (3 1 1) Bragg’s reflections confirming FCC structure of silver in the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigation reveals non-agglomerated, well-dispersed AgNPs maintain its spherical shape and the size mostly less than 100 nm. AgNPs synthesized from Ipomoea pes-caprae plant extract were found to be in nano size and stable. The antibacterial potential of AgNPs against clinical isolates, such as P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Bacillus shows 13 ± 2 mm, 19 ± 2 mm, 14 ± 1 mm zone of inhibition respectively with the 100 μg of AgNPs. The MTT assay confirms the anticancer potential of AgNPs from Ipomoea pes-caprae stem extract showing IC 50 values of 78 μg of AgNPs/ml against MCF-7 cancer cells and cytotoxic effects raises AgNPs layers with the plant extract giving anti-proliferative effects on the cancer cells. This work suggests functionalizing AgNPs with plant extract, an alternative chemotherapeutic and anti-bacterial agent via a green synthesis approach.
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles - Green Synthesis with Aq. Extract of Stems Ipomoea Pes-Caprae, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anti-Cancer Potential","authors":"V. Subha, R. Ravindran, R. Preethi, Joseph Cyrril, S. Kirubanandan, S. Renganathan","doi":"10.23937/2378-3664.1410024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3664.1410024","url":null,"abstract":"Green synthesis is a novel process for the preparation of numerous metallic nanoparticle and provides a safer and eco-friendly process simultaneously achieving functionalization of nanoparticles with bioactive molecules in the plants extract. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is performed using the aqueous extract of Ipomoea pes-caprae stems which acts as a bio-reducing agent. UV spectroscopic investigation confirms the formation of AgNPs by noticing the peak at 448 nm due to its surface plasmon resonance effect. The FTIR spectrum notifies peaks at 640, 3535, 3217, 1660, 1043 cm-1 confirming AgNPs mixing with the plant extract during synthesis. XRD analysis of AgNPs represents the (1 0 3), (1 1 1), (2 2 0) and (3 1 1) Bragg’s reflections confirming FCC structure of silver in the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigation reveals non-agglomerated, well-dispersed AgNPs maintain its spherical shape and the size mostly less than 100 nm. AgNPs synthesized from Ipomoea pes-caprae plant extract were found to be in nano size and stable. The antibacterial potential of AgNPs against clinical isolates, such as P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Bacillus shows 13 ± 2 mm, 19 ± 2 mm, 14 ± 1 mm zone of inhibition respectively with the 100 μg of AgNPs. The MTT assay confirms the anticancer potential of AgNPs from Ipomoea pes-caprae stem extract showing IC 50 values of 78 μg of AgNPs/ml against MCF-7 cancer cells and cytotoxic effects raises AgNPs layers with the plant extract giving anti-proliferative effects on the cancer cells. This work suggests functionalizing AgNPs with plant extract, an alternative chemotherapeutic and anti-bacterial agent via a green synthesis approach.","PeriodicalId":91094,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical nano research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46467389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664/1410025
V. Subha, S. Kirubanandan, S. Renganathan
Iron oxide nanoparticle is the most promising nanoparticles (NPs) capable in Drug Delivery and targeting. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by green synthesis. Galactomannan, when attached to the surface of the nanoparticles, increases the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. Folic acid (FA) is used as the ligand to target folate receptors, which are found abundant in cancer cells. FeNPs-GM-FA could target cancer cells when used as drug carriers. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Mimosa pudica root extract was synthesized for targeted delivery of the anticancer drug, Capecitabine, by grafting folic acid (FA) onto the iron oxide nanoparticles coated with galactomannan (GM), a polysaccharide present in fenugreek gum. The cytotoxicity profile of the nanoparticles on human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells as measured by standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that the particles were nontoxic and may be useful for various in vivo and in vitro biomedical applications. The surface modification by galactomannan and folic acid grafting was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The in vitro release profile of capecitabine from FeNPs-GM-FA was characterized by an initial fast release followed by a sustained release phase. The histological investigation evidences the formation of improved liver cell architecture indicating the therapeutic nature of functionalized iron nanoparticles with Capecitabine, confirming a potential option for drug delivery and targeting tumor tissues.
{"title":"Folate Targeted Galactomannan Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Nanocarrier for Targeted Drug Delivery of Capecitabine","authors":"V. Subha, S. Kirubanandan, S. Renganathan","doi":"10.23937/2378-3664/1410025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3664/1410025","url":null,"abstract":"Iron oxide nanoparticle is the most promising nanoparticles (NPs) capable in Drug Delivery and targeting. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by green synthesis. Galactomannan, when attached to the surface of the nanoparticles, increases the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. Folic acid (FA) is used as the ligand to target folate receptors, which are found abundant in cancer cells. FeNPs-GM-FA could target cancer cells when used as drug carriers. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Mimosa pudica root extract was synthesized for targeted delivery of the anticancer drug, Capecitabine, by grafting folic acid (FA) onto the iron oxide nanoparticles coated with galactomannan (GM), a polysaccharide present in fenugreek gum. The cytotoxicity profile of the nanoparticles on human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells as measured by standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that the particles were nontoxic and may be useful for various in vivo and in vitro biomedical applications. The surface modification by galactomannan and folic acid grafting was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The in vitro release profile of capecitabine from FeNPs-GM-FA was characterized by an initial fast release followed by a sustained release phase. The histological investigation evidences the formation of improved liver cell architecture indicating the therapeutic nature of functionalized iron nanoparticles with Capecitabine, confirming a potential option for drug delivery and targeting tumor tissues.","PeriodicalId":91094,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medical nano research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49430977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01Epub Date: 2015-06-13DOI: 10.23937/2378-3664/1410009
Yen-Wei Chen, Jeanie L Drury, Whasun Oh Chung, David T Hobbs, John C Wataha
Metal ions are notorious environmental contaminants, some causing toxicity at exquisitely low (ppm-level) concentrations. Yet, the redox properties of metal ions make them attractive candidates for bio-therapeutics. Titanates are insoluble particulate compounds of titanium and oxygen with crystalline surfaces that bind metal ions; these compounds offer a means to scavenge metal ions in environmental contexts or deliver them in therapeutic contexts while limiting systemic exposure and toxicity. In either application, the toxicological properties of titanates are crucial. To date, the accurate measurement of the in vitro toxicity of titanates has been complicated by their particulate nature, which interferes with many assays that are optical density (OD)-dependent, and at present, little to no in vivo titanate toxicity data exist. Compatibility data garnered thus far for native titanates in vitro are inconsistent and lacking in mechanistic understanding. These data suggest that native titanates have little toxicity toward several oral and skin bacteria species, but do suppress mammalian cell metabolism in a cells-pecific manner. Titanate compounds bind several types of metal ions, including some common environmental toxins, and enhance delivery to bacteria or cells. Substantial work remains to address the practical applicability of titanates. Nevertheless, titanates have promise to serve as novel vehicles for metal-based therapeutics or as a new class of metal scavengers for environmental applications.
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