Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2572-4037.1510037
R. Christopher, L. Isabelle, Turcotte Olivier, B. Catherine
Even though muscle dysmorphia (MD) is classified as a body dysmorphic disorder, it shares similarities with eating disorders (ED). The aim of the present study was to explore similarities between men with MD, women with ED, and a control group of men with body related preoccupations, regarding self-esteem, body esteem, and personality traits. Analyses revealed that clinical groups reported lower body esteem, more perfectionism and narcissism than the control group; only the ED group showed a significantly lower selfesteem than the control group. Also, men with MD showed higher self-esteem and body-esteem, as well as a higher level of narcissistic grandiosity than women with ED. Even though, we cannot exclude that gender differences could partly explain these findings, the present results suggested that a preserved self-esteem and a heightened narcissistic grandiosity tend to characterize MD.
{"title":"Muscle Dysmorphia and Eating Disorders: Comparison on Self-Esteem and Personality Traits","authors":"R. Christopher, L. Isabelle, Turcotte Olivier, B. Catherine","doi":"10.23937/2572-4037.1510037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4037.1510037","url":null,"abstract":"Even though muscle dysmorphia (MD) is classified as a body dysmorphic disorder, it shares similarities with eating disorders (ED). The aim of the present study was to explore similarities between men with MD, women with ED, and a control group of men with body related preoccupations, regarding self-esteem, body esteem, and personality traits. Analyses revealed that clinical groups reported lower body esteem, more perfectionism and narcissism than the control group; only the ED group showed a significantly lower selfesteem than the control group. Also, men with MD showed higher self-esteem and body-esteem, as well as a higher level of narcissistic grandiosity than women with ED. Even though, we cannot exclude that gender differences could partly explain these findings, the present results suggested that a preserved self-esteem and a heightened narcissistic grandiosity tend to characterize MD.","PeriodicalId":91098,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and psychoanalysis","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79361955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2572-4037.1510035
Bekhet Abir K, Garnier-Villarreal Mauricio
Background/Purpose: Caregiving can be costly to dementia caregivers’ well-being. Assessing the factor structure and psychometric properties of Cognitive-Behavioral Scales in dementia caregivers is an essential step in addressing the gap in the current state of research. Specifically, it is essential to determine first whether the factorial structure of the three measures used in this study namely, the Positive Thinking Skills Scale, the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist, and the Zarit Burden Interview are good representation of the data by studying the good model fit. Next, evaluating the reliability of each factor of the three measures used are essential to learn about the precision of the factors. Lastly, it is vital to study the factor correlation and its relevance to the theory used to determine the validity of the factors. Methods: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design in a convenience sample of 100 caregivers. Results: Results indicated that the factorial structure of the three scales is a good representation of the data; an acceptable reliability of each factor of the three measures; and the factors correlated as expected and showed their relevance to the underlying theory. Conclusions: Future studies might consider studying the mediating/moderating effects of positive thinking on carerecipients challenging behavior problems. The findings can be used as a guide to provide a positive thinking training intervention among caregivers.
{"title":"Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of Cognitive-Behavioral Scales in Caregivers of Persons with Dementia","authors":"Bekhet Abir K, Garnier-Villarreal Mauricio","doi":"10.23937/2572-4037.1510035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4037.1510035","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Purpose: Caregiving can be costly to dementia caregivers’ well-being. Assessing the factor structure and psychometric properties of Cognitive-Behavioral Scales in dementia caregivers is an essential step in addressing the gap in the current state of research. Specifically, it is essential to determine first whether the factorial structure of the three measures used in this study namely, the Positive Thinking Skills Scale, the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist, and the Zarit Burden Interview are good representation of the data by studying the good model fit. Next, evaluating the reliability of each factor of the three measures used are essential to learn about the precision of the factors. Lastly, it is vital to study the factor correlation and its relevance to the theory used to determine the validity of the factors. Methods: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design in a convenience sample of 100 caregivers. Results: Results indicated that the factorial structure of the three scales is a good representation of the data; an acceptable reliability of each factor of the three measures; and the factors correlated as expected and showed their relevance to the underlying theory. Conclusions: Future studies might consider studying the mediating/moderating effects of positive thinking on carerecipients challenging behavior problems. The findings can be used as a guide to provide a positive thinking training intervention among caregivers.","PeriodicalId":91098,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and psychoanalysis","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72936222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-23DOI: 10.23937/2572-4037.1510036
S. Sahni, Shilpi Sharma, Shashi Aggarwal
Probably millions of people across the world dream of starting their own business, a fraction of them may gather the courage and resources to pursue their ambitions, and still, even a smaller fraction of those may persevere through the challenges and inevitable disappointments, entrepreneurial process may present. FInally, a very small number of entrepreneurs succeed in achieving their objectives. What determines the difference in behaviours and attitudes of these individuals? Why some never seek available opportunities, while other dig out hidden potential in coal and convert it to gold? Why would some entrepreneurs give up half way in between; while others would overcome every obstacle, they may find in the way of achieving success. In addition to personality, which remains the largest area of psychological research in social entrepreneurship; recent research has also cited the significance of a personality attribute, matched to the specific tasks, each stage of an entrepreneurship might require, as a significant predictor of performance. In the current paper, we argue that just the trait approach to understanding underpinning personality dimensions to entrepreneurship is not sufficient. An understanding of the dynamic psychological functions and attitudes, as delineated by Jung will facilitate understanding of the strengths and weaknesses a potential entrepreneur may exhibit in any given situation. [4], as over 3.5 million new businesses are initiated each year in the United States; while Fortune 500 was reported to lose over 500 million jobs [5]. Conceptual and empirical predilections have been applied by academics as well as management experts [6] through hundreds of research studies, in an attempt to disentangle the complex, multi-dimensional process of entrepreneurship [7]. This is only a recent development as until 1980s, entrepreneurship was a peripheral perusal of individuals seeking their own source of income [8]; and the term ‘social entrepreneur’ was not coined until the year 1984 [9]. Despite numerous attempts over past two decades, there still exists a degree of scepticism in outlining the rudimentary elements for the concept of social entrepreneurship [10-13]. The number of self-employed enterprises is constantly rising, and they are at the peak of their success, recognition and glory than ever before in the human history. It has been widely acknowledged that only certain individuals with distinctive personality types may initiate and succeed in entrepreneurship initiatives [14]. Being able to predict the likelihood of someone succeeding in an entrepreneurship venture is of high significance to funding agencies as they receive millions of applications every year from potential entrepreneurs. They must ensure that their limited funding goes into the right hands and that they get some returns on their investment. Personality screening is thus of high relevance to the field of entrepreneurship. The key Review ARticle
{"title":"A Critical Review and Future Directions for Research: Personality and Social Entrepreneurial Success","authors":"S. Sahni, Shilpi Sharma, Shashi Aggarwal","doi":"10.23937/2572-4037.1510036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4037.1510036","url":null,"abstract":"Probably millions of people across the world dream of starting their own business, a fraction of them may gather the courage and resources to pursue their ambitions, and still, even a smaller fraction of those may persevere through the challenges and inevitable disappointments, entrepreneurial process may present. FInally, a very small number of entrepreneurs succeed in achieving their objectives. What determines the difference in behaviours and attitudes of these individuals? Why some never seek available opportunities, while other dig out hidden potential in coal and convert it to gold? Why would some entrepreneurs give up half way in between; while others would overcome every obstacle, they may find in the way of achieving success. In addition to personality, which remains the largest area of psychological research in social entrepreneurship; recent research has also cited the significance of a personality attribute, matched to the specific tasks, each stage of an entrepreneurship might require, as a significant predictor of performance. In the current paper, we argue that just the trait approach to understanding underpinning personality dimensions to entrepreneurship is not sufficient. An understanding of the dynamic psychological functions and attitudes, as delineated by Jung will facilitate understanding of the strengths and weaknesses a potential entrepreneur may exhibit in any given situation. [4], as over 3.5 million new businesses are initiated each year in the United States; while Fortune 500 was reported to lose over 500 million jobs [5]. Conceptual and empirical predilections have been applied by academics as well as management experts [6] through hundreds of research studies, in an attempt to disentangle the complex, multi-dimensional process of entrepreneurship [7]. This is only a recent development as until 1980s, entrepreneurship was a peripheral perusal of individuals seeking their own source of income [8]; and the term ‘social entrepreneur’ was not coined until the year 1984 [9]. Despite numerous attempts over past two decades, there still exists a degree of scepticism in outlining the rudimentary elements for the concept of social entrepreneurship [10-13]. The number of self-employed enterprises is constantly rising, and they are at the peak of their success, recognition and glory than ever before in the human history. It has been widely acknowledged that only certain individuals with distinctive personality types may initiate and succeed in entrepreneurship initiatives [14]. Being able to predict the likelihood of someone succeeding in an entrepreneurship venture is of high significance to funding agencies as they receive millions of applications every year from potential entrepreneurs. They must ensure that their limited funding goes into the right hands and that they get some returns on their investment. Personality screening is thus of high relevance to the field of entrepreneurship. The key Review ARticle","PeriodicalId":91098,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and psychoanalysis","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87225839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2572-4037.1510023
Surguladze Simon, C. George, Revazishvili Tamar, Dzadzamia Nata, Razmadze Tatia, I. Nino, K Bergen-CicoDessa
People working in caring professions are at increased risk of experiencing compassion fatigue and burnout. The aims of this study were to investigate potential mediating effects of mindfulness on burnout. This is a cross-sectional study of mental health professionals working in psychologically challenging settings. Thirty-seven professionals (all female) were assessed for empathy, trait mindfulness and Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) measure that includes subscales of Burnout, Compassion satisfaction and Compassion fatigue/Secondary trauma. Pathway analysis was applied to test potential direct and indirect effects of empathy on subscales of ProQOL and the mediating effects of mindfulness on those relationships. Our study demonstrate that empathy had no independent direct effect on burnout. There was a significant negative indirect effect of empathy on burnout, with trait mindfulness serving as a mediating factor. Moreover, trait mindfulness also had an independent negative effect on burnout. Our results provide evidence for the role of trait mindfulness in the relationship between empathy and burnout in professionals. Trait mindfulness appears to be a protective factor against burnout.
{"title":"Mindfulness as a Mediating Factor between Empathy and Burnout in People of Caring Professions","authors":"Surguladze Simon, C. George, Revazishvili Tamar, Dzadzamia Nata, Razmadze Tatia, I. Nino, K Bergen-CicoDessa","doi":"10.23937/2572-4037.1510023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4037.1510023","url":null,"abstract":"People working in caring professions are at increased risk of experiencing compassion fatigue and burnout. The aims of this study were to investigate potential mediating effects of mindfulness on burnout. This is a cross-sectional study of mental health professionals working in psychologically challenging settings. Thirty-seven professionals (all female) were assessed for empathy, trait mindfulness and Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) measure that includes subscales of Burnout, Compassion satisfaction and Compassion fatigue/Secondary trauma. Pathway analysis was applied to test potential direct and indirect effects of empathy on subscales of ProQOL and the mediating effects of mindfulness on those relationships. Our study demonstrate that empathy had no independent direct effect on burnout. There was a significant negative indirect effect of empathy on burnout, with trait mindfulness serving as a mediating factor. Moreover, trait mindfulness also had an independent negative effect on burnout. Our results provide evidence for the role of trait mindfulness in the relationship between empathy and burnout in professionals. Trait mindfulness appears to be a protective factor against burnout.","PeriodicalId":91098,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and psychoanalysis","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76091429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2572-4037.1510022
R. Monique, C. RobinsonJackie, L. SingletonGwendolyn, Li Huijun
A variety of mental health problems in adulthood are related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). By age 16, twothirds of children in the African American community report experiencing at least one traumatic event. The research field of ACEs is relatively young and current research accounts for less than half of ACE exposure types and their individual role in the development of mental illnesses like psychosis. Even fewer bodies of research explore cultural factors between ACEs and attenuated/subclinical psychotic symptoms. The purpose of this research was to explore how ethnic identity amongst African American young adults impacted the presentation and severity of subclinical psychotic symptoms, by way of ACE exposure. A convenience sample of 304 African American college students participated in this study. The results revealed that materialism and individualism subscales of Cultural Misorientation (CM), a measure of ethnic identity, mediated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and subclinical psychotic symptoms in women. No association was found in men. The results suggest that clinicians and campus counselors should be aware of social cultural factors contributing to mental attenuate/subclinical psychotic symptoms.
{"title":"Risk Factors of Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome in African American Young Adults: Ethnic Identity and Adverse Childhood Experiences","authors":"R. Monique, C. RobinsonJackie, L. SingletonGwendolyn, Li Huijun","doi":"10.23937/2572-4037.1510022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4037.1510022","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of mental health problems in adulthood are related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). By age 16, twothirds of children in the African American community report experiencing at least one traumatic event. The research field of ACEs is relatively young and current research accounts for less than half of ACE exposure types and their individual role in the development of mental illnesses like psychosis. Even fewer bodies of research explore cultural factors between ACEs and attenuated/subclinical psychotic symptoms. The purpose of this research was to explore how ethnic identity amongst African American young adults impacted the presentation and severity of subclinical psychotic symptoms, by way of ACE exposure. A convenience sample of 304 African American college students participated in this study. The results revealed that materialism and individualism subscales of Cultural Misorientation (CM), a measure of ethnic identity, mediated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and subclinical psychotic symptoms in women. No association was found in men. The results suggest that clinicians and campus counselors should be aware of social cultural factors contributing to mental attenuate/subclinical psychotic symptoms.","PeriodicalId":91098,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and psychoanalysis","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85001710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2572-4037.1510028
G. Giulio, Busana Claudio, C. Enrico
Background: It is widely proved that methods of intervention in cases of adolescent-onset psychosis should be timely and plurifocal, with the application of integrated forms of therapy, including pharmacological treatment and psychological and social rehabilitation, also with an involvement of family members. Research studies moreover indicate that offering adolescents treatment within social contexts besides at facilities which have the specific purpose of providing treatment, on either a hospital or out-patient basis, improves both the outcome and compliance to treatment. Aim: This work illustrates the function, role and operational methods of the adult companion, a professional figure who supports therapists and operates directly in close contact with adolescents in their habitual life environment. Methods: This is a narrative review of the Italian literature regarding the use and functions of the adult companion at the onset of psychosis with a specific focus on the experience of the authors. Conclusions: The intervention seems to be feasible and effective from a clinical point of view. Further RCTs and quantitative studies are needed to provide the effectiveness of this type of intervention.
{"title":"The Role of the Adult Companion at the Onset of Psychosis in Adolescence","authors":"G. Giulio, Busana Claudio, C. Enrico","doi":"10.23937/2572-4037.1510028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4037.1510028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is widely proved that methods of intervention in cases of adolescent-onset psychosis should be timely and plurifocal, with the application of integrated forms of therapy, including pharmacological treatment and psychological and social rehabilitation, also with an involvement of family members. Research studies moreover indicate that offering adolescents treatment within social contexts besides at facilities which have the specific purpose of providing treatment, on either a hospital or out-patient basis, improves both the outcome and compliance to treatment. Aim: This work illustrates the function, role and operational methods of the adult companion, a professional figure who supports therapists and operates directly in close contact with adolescents in their habitual life environment. Methods: This is a narrative review of the Italian literature regarding the use and functions of the adult companion at the onset of psychosis with a specific focus on the experience of the authors. Conclusions: The intervention seems to be feasible and effective from a clinical point of view. Further RCTs and quantitative studies are needed to provide the effectiveness of this type of intervention.","PeriodicalId":91098,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and psychoanalysis","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85613407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2572-4037.1510025
Kőváry Zoltán
Psychobiography is a qualitative, idiographic research method; it is the explicit and systematic application of psychological theories and models in writing biographies and analyzing the life history, activity and personality of historically significant persons. This method has been used in the investigation of eminent creativity for more than a hundred years from now. It was originally created by Sigmund Freud; he and his followers made it popular among psychoanalysts in the first half of the 20th century, meanwhile American personality psychologists like GW Allport, HA Murray or Erik H Erikson also contributed to its development. Due to the hegemony of quantitative-positivist research in the 1960s and the 1970s this method was not favored, but-owing to the success of narrative psychology-from the 1990s we can perceive the renaissance of life history approach and psychobiography in personality psychology. In this article I will try to demonstrate that the application of psychobiography in the training of psychologists could have countless beneficial effects. The most important reason for it that using psychobiography in training could alleviate some major intellectual contradictions between university training and clinical practice, and it could also contribute to the development of psychology as a “rigorous science”. In order to understand the importance of this question first I have to analyze the scientific differences between clinical practice and academic research on ontological and epistemological levels.
心理传记是一种定性的、具体的研究方法;它是心理学理论和模型在撰写传记和分析历史上重要人物的生活史、活动和个性方面的明确和系统的应用。从现在起，这种方法已经被用于研究杰出的创造力一百多年了。它最初是由西格蒙德·弗洛伊德创造的;在20世纪上半叶，他和他的追随者使其在精神分析学家中流行起来，同时，美国人格心理学家如GW Allport, HA Murray或Erik H Erikson也为其发展做出了贡献。由于20世纪60年代和70年代定量实证主义研究的霸权，这种方法不受青睐，但由于叙事心理学的成功，从20世纪90年代开始，我们可以看到生活史方法和心理传记在人格心理学中的复兴。在这篇文章中，我将试图证明心理传记在心理学家培训中的应用可能会产生无数有益的影响。最重要的原因是，在培训中运用心理传记可以缓解大学培训与临床实践之间的一些主要智力矛盾，也有助于心理学作为一门“严谨的科学”的发展。为了理解这个问题的重要性，我必须首先分析临床实践与学术研究在本体论和认识论层面上的科学差异。
{"title":"Life History, Clinical Practice and the Training of Psychologists: The Potential Contribution of Psychobiography to Psychology as a \"Rigorous Science\"","authors":"Kőváry Zoltán","doi":"10.23937/2572-4037.1510025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4037.1510025","url":null,"abstract":"Psychobiography is a qualitative, idiographic research method; it is the explicit and systematic application of psychological theories and models in writing biographies and analyzing the life history, activity and personality of historically significant persons. This method has been used in the investigation of eminent creativity for more than a hundred years from now. It was originally created by Sigmund Freud; he and his followers made it popular among psychoanalysts in the first half of the 20th century, meanwhile American personality psychologists like GW Allport, HA Murray or Erik H Erikson also contributed to its development. Due to the hegemony of quantitative-positivist research in the 1960s and the 1970s this method was not favored, but-owing to the success of narrative psychology-from the 1990s we can perceive the renaissance of life history approach and psychobiography in personality psychology. In this article I will try to demonstrate that the application of psychobiography in the training of psychologists could have countless beneficial effects. The most important reason for it that using psychobiography in training could alleviate some major intellectual contradictions between university training and clinical practice, and it could also contribute to the development of psychology as a “rigorous science”. In order to understand the importance of this question first I have to analyze the scientific differences between clinical practice and academic research on ontological and epistemological levels.","PeriodicalId":91098,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and psychoanalysis","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74960071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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