{"title":"Fundamental error estimation and accounting in the blasthole sampling protocol at a copper mine","authors":"R. Ganguli, A. C. Chieregati, A. Purvee","doi":"10.19150/ME.7853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"178 ","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41280024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twin Creeks is a gold mining complex part of Newmont’s Nevada Operations. The mining complex is comprised of two open pits, Mega and Vista, external ore sources and a set of existing stockpiles, all providing ore for an autoclave, an oxide mill and a heap leach. Mega pit provides sulphide ore for the autoclave whereas Vista pit provides oxide ore for the oxide mill and the heap leach. Both pits operate the same mining equipment and therefore their extraction sequence must be optimized simultaneously. Stringent blending requirements are associated with the operation of the autoclave for the sulfide ore. Strategic blending optimization at large scale has brought significant value to the operation by increasing synergies. This paper presents the implementation of a stochastic optimization framework for the long-term production planning at Twin Creeks that simultaneously optimizes mining, stockpiling, blending and processing decision variables. The uncertainty and variability associated with the different sources of material is incorporated in the optimization model by means of stochastic simulations. The stochastic solution generated shows substantial potential benefits by increasing expected recoverable gold, leading to increased expected cash flows, while reducing the risk of not achieving the forecasts by increasing the probabilities of meeting production and blending targets.
{"title":"Simultaneous stochastic optimization of production scheduling at Twin Creeks Mining Complex, Nevada","authors":"R. Dimitrakopoulos, L. Montiel","doi":"10.19150/ME.8645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.8645","url":null,"abstract":"Twin Creeks is a gold mining complex part of Newmont’s Nevada Operations. The mining complex is comprised of two open pits, Mega and Vista, external ore sources and a set of existing stockpiles, all providing ore for an autoclave, an oxide mill and a heap leach. Mega pit provides sulphide ore for the autoclave whereas Vista pit provides oxide ore for the oxide mill and the heap leach. Both pits operate the same mining equipment and therefore their extraction sequence must be optimized simultaneously. Stringent blending requirements are associated with the operation of the autoclave for the sulfide ore. Strategic blending optimization at large scale has brought significant value to the operation by increasing synergies. This paper presents the implementation of a stochastic optimization framework for the long-term production planning at Twin Creeks that simultaneously optimizes mining, stockpiling, blending and processing decision variables. The uncertainty and variability associated with the different sources of material is incorporated in the optimization model by means of stochastic simulations. The stochastic solution generated shows substantial potential benefits by increasing expected recoverable gold, leading to increased expected cash flows, while reducing the risk of not achieving the forecasts by increasing the probabilities of meeting production and blending targets.","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41717203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Rojas-Mendoza, Z. Henderson, E. Sarver, J. Saylor
Introduction Diesel engines have seen widespread use for well over a century due to their relatively high thermal efficiency and fuel economy (Heywood, 1988). Recently, however, the adverse health risks of diesel exhaust have become increasingly clear. The term diesel particulate matter (DPM) is used to refer to the solid components of diesel exhaust, which are an ultrafine mixture of elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) and minor constituents including sulfates and metal ash (Kittelson, 1997). DPM is generally considered to occur almost entirely in the submicrometer range. It is classified as a carcinogen (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2013), and epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between long-term exposure to DPM and other combustionrelated fine particulates and increased cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (Pope et al., 2002; McDonald et al., 2011). Many of the risks of diesel exhaust are associated with the physical and chemical properties of exhaust components (Heywood, 1988; El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997). Exposures are generally measured and regulated on the basis of mass concentration. However, DPM number density and particle size are increasingly recognized as critical factors in terms of health outcomes (Bugarski et al., 2012; Kittelson, 1997; Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2013; Pope et al., 2002). Diesel engines operate in relatively fuel-rich/oxygen-lean conditions and are characterized by high emissions of particulates relative to those from spark-ignition engines (El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; Fiebig et al., 2014). Emissions from large equipment such as that used in mining applications typically range from 10 to 10 DPM particles per cubic centimeter (Kittelson, 1997). The physical and chemical properties of DPM vary with the type of engine, fuel and operating conditions such as loading, which is a function of torque and rotational speed (El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; McDonald et al., 2011; Bugarski et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2015). Loading is a particularly important factor with respect to DPM toxicity (McDonald et al., 2011; Stevens et al., 2009; McDonald et al., 2004) and the effectiveness of after-treatment technologies (ElShobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; An et al., 2012). Engine load alone can affect the EC/OC ratio, and the size distribution and number density of DPM. Light loads generally favor the formation of OC and small particles. As load is increased, the volatiles are oxidized, leading to larger soot particles (EC) but lower total number density of DPM. With further loading, the formation of soot offsets the decrease in volatiles, resulting in increased DPM mean size and number density (Kittelson, 1997). A significant body of work has been devoted to the development of DPMreducing technologies, including aftertreatments like oxidation catalysis and Laboratory demonstration of DPM mass removal from an exhaust stream by fog drops
引言柴油发动机由于其相对较高的热效率和燃油经济性，已经广泛使用了一个多世纪（Heywood，1988）。然而，最近，柴油废气对健康的不利风险越来越明显。术语柴油颗粒物（DPM）是指柴油废气中的固体成分，它是元素碳和有机碳（EC和OC）以及包括硫酸盐和金属灰在内的次要成分的超细混合物（Kittelson，1997）。DPM通常被认为几乎完全发生在亚微米范围内。它被归类为致癌物（美国职业安全与健康管理局，2013年），流行病学研究表明，长期接触DPM和其他与燃烧相关的细颗粒物与心血管和肺部疾病增加之间存在正相关性（Pope等人，2002年；McDonald等人，2011年）。柴油废气的许多风险与废气成分的物理和化学性质有关（Heywood，1988；El Shobokshy，1994；基特尔森，1997年）。暴露量通常根据质量浓度进行测量和调节。然而，DPM的数量密度和颗粒大小越来越被认为是健康结果的关键因素（Bugarski等人，2012年；基特尔森，1997年；职业安全与健康管理局，2013年；Pope等人，2002年）。柴油发动机在相对富燃料/贫氧气的条件下运行，与火花点火式发动机相比，其特点是颗粒物排放量高（El Shobokshy，1994；基特尔森，1997年；Fiebig等人，2014年）。采矿应用中使用的大型设备的排放量通常为每立方厘米10至10个DPM颗粒（Kittelson，1997）。DPM的物理和化学性质随发动机类型、燃料和负载等操作条件而变化，负载是扭矩和转速的函数（El Shobokshy，1994；基特尔森，1997；McDonald等人，2011年；Bugarski等人，2010年；Huang等人，2015）。负荷是DPM毒性的一个特别重要的因素（McDonald等人，2011；Stevens等人，2009年；McDonald et al.，2004）和后处理技术的有效性（ElShobokshy，1994；Kittelson，1997；An等人，2012）。发动机负载单独会影响DPM的EC/OC比、尺寸分布和数量密度。轻负载通常有利于OC和小颗粒的形成。随着负载的增加，挥发物被氧化，导致烟灰颗粒（EC）较大，但DPM的总数密度较低。随着进一步的加载，烟灰的形成抵消了挥发物的减少，导致DPM平均尺寸和数量密度增加（Kittelson，1997）。大量工作致力于DPM还原技术的开发，包括氧化催化等后处理，以及通过雾滴从排气流中去除DPM质量的实验室演示
{"title":"Laboratory demonstration of DPM mass removal from an exhaust stream by fog drops","authors":"Lucas Rojas-Mendoza, Z. Henderson, E. Sarver, J. Saylor","doi":"10.19150/me.7854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/me.7854","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Diesel engines have seen widespread use for well over a century due to their relatively high thermal efficiency and fuel economy (Heywood, 1988). Recently, however, the adverse health risks of diesel exhaust have become increasingly clear. The term diesel particulate matter (DPM) is used to refer to the solid components of diesel exhaust, which are an ultrafine mixture of elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) and minor constituents including sulfates and metal ash (Kittelson, 1997). DPM is generally considered to occur almost entirely in the submicrometer range. It is classified as a carcinogen (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2013), and epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between long-term exposure to DPM and other combustionrelated fine particulates and increased cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (Pope et al., 2002; McDonald et al., 2011). Many of the risks of diesel exhaust are associated with the physical and chemical properties of exhaust components (Heywood, 1988; El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997). Exposures are generally measured and regulated on the basis of mass concentration. However, DPM number density and particle size are increasingly recognized as critical factors in terms of health outcomes (Bugarski et al., 2012; Kittelson, 1997; Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2013; Pope et al., 2002). Diesel engines operate in relatively fuel-rich/oxygen-lean conditions and are characterized by high emissions of particulates relative to those from spark-ignition engines (El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; Fiebig et al., 2014). Emissions from large equipment such as that used in mining applications typically range from 10 to 10 DPM particles per cubic centimeter (Kittelson, 1997). The physical and chemical properties of DPM vary with the type of engine, fuel and operating conditions such as loading, which is a function of torque and rotational speed (El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; McDonald et al., 2011; Bugarski et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2015). Loading is a particularly important factor with respect to DPM toxicity (McDonald et al., 2011; Stevens et al., 2009; McDonald et al., 2004) and the effectiveness of after-treatment technologies (ElShobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; An et al., 2012). Engine load alone can affect the EC/OC ratio, and the size distribution and number density of DPM. Light loads generally favor the formation of OC and small particles. As load is increased, the volatiles are oxidized, leading to larger soot particles (EC) but lower total number density of DPM. With further loading, the formation of soot offsets the decrease in volatiles, resulting in increased DPM mean size and number density (Kittelson, 1997). A significant body of work has been devoted to the development of DPMreducing technologies, including aftertreatments like oxidation catalysis and Laboratory demonstration of DPM mass removal from an exhaust stream by fog drops","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk management and long-term production schedule optimization at the LabMag iron ore deposit in Labrador, Canada","authors":"M. Spleit, R. Dimitrakopoulos","doi":"10.19150/ME.7807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Have emerging technologies reached the point where diesel particulate matter can be removed from underground mines","authors":"K. Kocsis","doi":"10.19150/me.7808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/me.7808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67755882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M R Shahan, C E Seaman, T W Beck, J F Colinet, S E Mischler
Float coal dust is produced by various mining methods, carried by ventilating air and deposited on the floor, roof and ribs of mine airways. If deposited, float dust is re-entrained during a methane explosion. Without sufficient inert rock dust quantities, this float coal dust can propagate an explosion throughout mining entries. Consequently, controlling float coal dust is of critical interest to mining operations. Rock dusting, which is the adding of inert material to airway surfaces, is the main control technique currently used by the coal mining industry to reduce the float coal dust explosion hazard. To assist the industry in reducing this hazard, the Pittsburgh Mining Research Division of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health initiated a project to investigate methods and technologies to reduce float coal dust in underground coal mines through prevention, capture and suppression prior to deposition. Field characterization studies were performed to determine quantitatively the sources, types and amounts of dust produced during various coal mining processes. The operations chosen for study were a continuous miner section, a longwall section and a coal-handling facility. For each of these operations, the primary dust sources were confirmed to be the continuous mining machine, longwall shearer and conveyor belt transfer points, respectively. Respirable and total airborne float dust samples were collected and analyzed for each operation, and the ratio of total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust was calculated. During the continuous mining process, the ratio of total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust ranged from 10.3 to 13.8. The ratios measured on the longwall face were between 18.5 and 21.5. The total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust ratio observed during belt transport ranged between 7.5 and 21.8.
{"title":"Characterization of airborne float coal dust emitted during continuous mining, longwall mining and belt transport.","authors":"M R Shahan, C E Seaman, T W Beck, J F Colinet, S E Mischler","doi":"10.19150/me.7746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/me.7746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Float coal dust is produced by various mining methods, carried by ventilating air and deposited on the floor, roof and ribs of mine airways. If deposited, float dust is re-entrained during a methane explosion. Without sufficient inert rock dust quantities, this float coal dust can propagate an explosion throughout mining entries. Consequently, controlling float coal dust is of critical interest to mining operations. Rock dusting, which is the adding of inert material to airway surfaces, is the main control technique currently used by the coal mining industry to reduce the float coal dust explosion hazard. To assist the industry in reducing this hazard, the Pittsburgh Mining Research Division of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health initiated a project to investigate methods and technologies to reduce float coal dust in underground coal mines through prevention, capture and suppression prior to deposition. Field characterization studies were performed to determine quantitatively the sources, types and amounts of dust produced during various coal mining processes. The operations chosen for study were a continuous miner section, a longwall section and a coal-handling facility. For each of these operations, the primary dust sources were confirmed to be the continuous mining machine, longwall shearer and conveyor belt transfer points, respectively. Respirable and total airborne float dust samples were collected and analyzed for each operation, and the ratio of total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust was calculated. During the continuous mining process, the ratio of total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust ranged from 10.3 to 13.8. The ratios measured on the longwall face were between 18.5 and 21.5. The total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust ratio observed during belt transport ranged between 7.5 and 21.8.</p>","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 9","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.19150/me.7746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35427668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying and controlling heat-induced health and safety problems in underground mines","authors":"K. Kocsis, M. Sunkpal","doi":"10.19150/ME.7745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7745","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41549491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Roof control, pillar stability and ground control issues in underground stone mines","authors":"D. Newman","doi":"10.19150/ME.7685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47815814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personal respirable dust sampling and the evaluation of control technologies have been providing exposure information to the mining industry but not necessarily in a way that shows how technology can be integrated to provide organizational support and resources for workers to mitigate dust sources on site. In response, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) used previously developed Helmet-CAM technology to design and engage in a behavioral/engineering cooperative intervention to initiate and enhance mine site conversations about the risks and potential occurrences of respirable silica dust exposures on the job as well as provide impetus and solutions for mitigating higher sources of dust. The study involved 48 workers from five mine sites, who agreed to participate between April 2015 and September 2016. Using the Helmet-CAM in this series of longitudinal interventions revealed several exposure trends in respirable silica dust sources and, in many cases, simple quick-fix strategies to reduce their sources. This paper focuses on several specific identified sources of dust that were elevated but could be reduced through basic engineering fixes, low-cost resources, and supportive communication from management to remind and engage workers in protective work practices.
{"title":"Quick fixes to improve workers' health: Results using engineering assessment technology.","authors":"E J Haas, A B Cecala","doi":"10.19150/me.7622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/me.7622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personal respirable dust sampling and the evaluation of control technologies have been providing exposure information to the mining industry but not necessarily in a way that shows how technology can be integrated to provide organizational support and resources for workers to mitigate dust sources on site. In response, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) used previously developed Helmet-CAM technology to design and engage in a behavioral/engineering cooperative intervention to initiate and enhance mine site conversations about the risks and potential occurrences of respirable silica dust exposures on the job as well as provide impetus and solutions for mitigating higher sources of dust. The study involved 48 workers from five mine sites, who agreed to participate between April 2015 and September 2016. Using the Helmet-CAM in this series of longitudinal interventions revealed several exposure trends in respirable silica dust sources and, in many cases, simple quick-fix strategies to reduce their sources. This paper focuses on several specific identified sources of dust that were elevated but could be reduced through basic engineering fixes, low-cost resources, and supportive communication from management to remind and engage workers in protective work practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 7","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5580825/pdf/nihms895396.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35321711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update of industrial minerals and rocks of New Mexico","authors":"V. McLemore","doi":"10.19150/ME.7566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44292834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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